镇村同治示范区的SWOT分析与规划对策——以湖南省常德市临澧县官亭乡为例

“镇村同治”是当前新形势下,按照城乡一体化的要求,从区域性中心镇入手,实行镇村同步规划、环境同步治理、产业同步发展、文明同步创建、推动新型城镇化与新型农村建设协同发展的整体性建设。将SWOT分析方法与示范区建设发展框架联系起来,形成针对示范区建设发展研究的SWOT分析框架和示范区建设发展定位的SWOT分析方法体系。以湖南省常德市临澧县官亭乡镇村同治示范区为例,分析影响该示范区的S、W、O、T各因素,提出示范区镇村同治规划的对策。     

新农村形势下“红色村镇”建设规划的探索——以湖南省浏阳市大围山镇为例

“红色村镇”的建设规划是社会主义新农村建设的工作重点之一,本文以湖南省浏阳市大围山镇为例,通过分析大围山镇的现状条件、发展优势和制约条件,对以大围山镇为代表的湖南“红色村镇”建设规划进行了深入的研究,并提出了建设规划的具体措施。     

城市化失地农民社会保障问题研究

通过对佛山市南海区九江镇南方管理区金星村失地农民抽样调查,研究认为失地农民既没有纳入城市社会保障体系又成为丧失了土地的边缘群体,他们面临着极大的社会风险,同时成为阻碍城市化进程、影响边缘区社会稳定的重要因素。本课题根据佛山市南海区实际情况,结合全国其他地区解决此问题的经验,从而提出解决佛山市失地农民问题的对策和建议。     

河南省城镇建设用地变化的经济驱动机制分析

以河南省城镇建设用地为研究对象,在对区域城镇用地现状评述的基础上,采用调查、统计、分析的方法分析了区域城镇建设用地存在的主要问题,对影响区域城镇用地统筹的经济驱动机制进行分析。研究指出了河南省城镇规模普遍偏小、用地集约度较低、土地经济产出水平较低、用地内部结构和布局不尽合理,同时提出消费需求变化、社会投资变化、产业结构调整、经济增长方式是引起河南省城镇建设用地变化的主要驱动因素     

重庆市南岸区农村居民点整理潜力研究

为得出重庆市南岸区农村居民点整理潜力,对农村集体建设用地流转提供客观依据以及农村居民点用地管理提供理论支撑。采用人均农村居民点建设用地标准测算法对至2020年农村居民点整理潜力进行测算,然后采用闲置宅基地抽样调查法对其进行修正,获得农村居民点整理潜力。根据整理潜力和南岸区实际情况,对农村居民点合理布局进行了规划,并制作2020年重庆市南岸区农村居民点用地分布图。     

Problems for Township Construction Teams and Their Countermeasures

Under the condition of urbanization, the advantages and inferior positions that existed in town and township construction teams compared with those for city construction enterprises and serious problems the town and township construction teams faced with are discussed. The authors suggest some methods to solve these problems.     

基于2种回归方法的北方农区村庄宅基地价格影响因素研究

为明确影响北方农区宅基地价格的因素,科学推进相关制度改革,从村庄规模、经济水平等5方面共初选16个因素,采用多元线性、有序Logistic回归分别构建影响因素计量模型,筛选显著影响因素。结果表明:（1）距镇驻地距离、农用地面积、村庄道路硬化率、对外交通便利度等在2个模型中均表现显著,购物便利度仅在Logistic模型中表现显著;（2）距镇驻地距离为负向影响,其余显著因素为正向影响,提高村内道路硬化水平,增设公交线路、便民商超,增加农用地面积,能够提高宅基地价格。研究结果说明:2种模型回归结果基本一致,提高研究结果可靠性;交通区位、基本设施因素影响较大,村庄规模次之,经济水平、生态环境等未表现显著影响。     

Land supply and urbanization strategy in the Yangtze River Delta region,China

China's urbanization rate is increasing beyond sustainable levels because it has increased by approximately 1% every year in the last 30 years. As an important part of urban development, the selection of an urbanization strategy has been the focus of local governments. As such, local governments play an important role in urbanization processes by coordinating land supply and population growth. Using the 2009–2013 panel data of 41 cities in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region, this research tests the relationship between land supply and population growth to explore the urbanization strategy adopted by local governments. Simultaneous equation models for land supply and population growth are developed in this research. Empirical results identify land supply as the cause and population growth as the effect. Findings suggest that local governments in the YRD choose an aggressive strategy in urbanization which treats land as a tool for accelerating the urbanization.     

基于AHP和PCA的暴雨灾害风险区划——以河南省卫辉市为例

为充分了解卫辉市暴雨灾害的时空分布特征和发生规律,最大限度减轻灾害造成的损失,根据气象灾害系统理论及目前国际上流行的评估模型,选取卫辉市1961—2014年各乡镇灾情、雨量站的逐日降水量、DEM、GDP、农民人均收入等数据,利用层次分析法(AHP)和主成分分析法(PCA)构建了暴雨灾害风险评估模型,并通过ArcGIS绘制分辨率为30 m×30 m的灾害风险区划图。结果表明：卫辉市暴雨灾害风险等级自中部向四周呈递减总趋势。其中,孙杏村镇、汲水镇、顿坊店乡、上乐村镇的灾害风险等级较高,容易发生致灾性较强的暴雨灾害;而太公泉镇、后河镇、李源屯镇、狮豹头乡的灾害风险等级较低,暴雨灾害对当地农业生产的危害不大。[结论]该研究对政府及相关部门制订气象灾害防御方案、调整农业结构布局等具有重要的参考意义。     

Dynamic Changes of Land Use in Built-up Area of Chengde City in the Past 14 Years

Landsat TM/OLI images of the built-up areas in Chengde City(Shuangqiao District and Shuangluan District) in 2000,2009 and 2014 were adopted,Support Vector Machine(SVM) was applied to classify the images automatically,land use/cover map of the study area was obtained after precision test.Through analyzing the land use types in the study area and also applying transfer matrix to monitor the changes,the results showed that human activities and urbanization in the past 14 years have brought the increasing tendency of construction land,and the negative growth of arable land,forest and shrubbery land.It is urgent to adopt corresponding measures to maintain the coverage of forest and shrubbery land in the built-up area of Chengde City,so as to reduce the impact of human activities and improve urban ecological environment.     

GIS-based Ecological Control Line Planning of Landscape City

Against the background of accelerated urbanization in China, the expansion of urban land uses, especially the construction of development zones have incorporated urban development land uses, and more ecological spaces have been invaded by construction activities. However, the maintenance of urban ecological security, scientificity, integrality and continuity of ecosystem, as well as scientificity of the defining methods and the effective supervision of the basic ecological control line have become bones of contention. This paper, from the perspective of "anti-planning", synthesized the theories and methods such as urban-rural planning, ecology and GIS, coupled ecological sensitivity assessment and ecological security pattern to define the basic ecological control lines of the planning area in Anqing City. The basic ecological control line area includes ecological baseline area and ecological development area. Management and control strategies of basic ecological control line were elaborated from the following aspects: implementation of the basic ecological control line, protection and utilization of ecological resources within the lines, solutions to existing construction land within the lines, adjustment mechanism and implementation guarantee mechanism of basic ecological control line.     

农户参与城乡建设用地增减挂钩的意愿研究——基于重庆市江津区的380户农户调查数据

本研究随机选择了重庆市江津区珞璜镇、李市镇、杜市镇、吴滩镇和柏林镇等5个镇的7个村的380户农户,对其参与城乡建设用地增减挂钩的意愿进行了调查。研究表明：几乎所有的农户都表示如果有个人或公司愿意流转他们的土地且价格合理,他们都愿意流转土地。同时,针对研究区农户的搬迁意愿进行调查后发现,只要拆迁补偿合理,解决农户的安置房和社会保障问题,多数农户是愿意搬迁的。由此可见,进行城乡建设用地增减挂钩是符合农民实际需要的,有利于促进农业产业化和规模化经营,改善农民生产、生活条件。     

Rural Revitalization Based on Smart Contraction Concept: A Case Study of Planning and Construction of Dawan Yard,Tianwan Village,Wanzhou District,Chongqing City

This paper introduces the concept of "smart contraction" and its enlightenment to the revitalization of rural areas. Taking Dawan Yard in Tianwan Village, Wanzhou District, Chongqing City as an example, construction dilemmas in mountain area are analyzed, such as backward rural economy, low farmers' incomes, the loss of labor population, the decentralization of village construction land, small-scale village construction land, and the lack of technology and funds for the improvement of village living environment. Combining with the development opportunity of Dawan Yard in Tianwan Village, it puts forward three planning countermeasures of "smart contraction": smart utilization of village resources, smart allocation of public service facilities and smart inheritance of village memory. We hope to provide a new way to revitalize the countryside via case analysis of Dawan Yard.     

低丘缓坡土地资源开发利用战略分析研究

近年来,随着城镇化的快速推进,保护耕地和保障用地的矛盾不断加剧,保护耕地特别是保护坝区优质耕地的形势十分严峻。为了妥善处理好城镇化与耕地保护之间的关系,遏制城镇建设在坝区无序扩展,促进经济社会可持续发展,针对云南特殊自然地理环境下的低丘缓坡土地资源实际情况,采用AHP-SWOT方法,对宜良县低丘缓坡土地资源开发利用战略进行了定性与定量分析研究,旨在为有关部门进行低丘缓坡土地资源开发利用提供科学指导,同时对云南省山地资源的开发也具有借鉴意义。初步研究结果表明：（1）低丘缓坡土地资源开发利用是解决当前经济社会发展和用地难矛盾的有效途径,必须提高全社会对低丘缓坡土地资源开发利用重要性和必要性的认识;（2）开发低丘缓坡土地之前必须进行生态效益论证,分析开发可能对生态环境造成的影响和后果,制定相应的保障措施,避免由于开发造成的生态失衡。     

镇域水平乡村耕地流转的时空分异及其驱动机制

为了解乡村土地流转的镇域差异,丰富对土地流转尺度效应的认知,选取重庆市现代农业与统筹城乡示范窗口江津区为样区,基于2007—2012年24个乡镇的农经统计面板数据,利用统计分析法、主成分分析法与Logistic多元回归分析法,从镇域尺度视角研究乡村耕地流转形式、流转去向和流转规模的时空演变特征,并从区位状况、经济水平、资源禀赋、农业政策和市场5个方面剖析驱动镇域水平耕地流转时空变化的影响因素。结果表明：镇域水平耕地流转形式均以出租和转包为主,呈现多样化;土地流转去向中,农户是耕地最主要流入方,其次是企业,专业合作社最少;镇域水平耕地流转年际差异显著,变化趋势以“先增后减再增型”和“增加型”为主,呈现多元化;镇域水平耕地流转规模属随机分布,空间自相关程度逐年减弱,且空间关联类型格局随年际变化总体表现出不稳定性;镇域水平上,农业劳动力数和养殖业商品化率对耕地流转规模影响最大,流转率随农业劳动力数减少而增加,而随养殖业商品化率提高而增加。此外,固定资产、劳均耕地和农转非率对耕地流转规模也有正向促进作用。最后立足镇域特色,以不同层次发展需求为导向,提出促进土地顺畅流转的施政策略。     

基于P-S-R的重庆市黔江区城镇建设用地需求控制研究

近年来,农村人口向城镇大量流动加之城镇人口的自然增长,城镇人口对于城镇用地的需求十分强烈;另外,随着经济的发展,城镇固定资产投资逐年增加,致使城镇各业用地需求旺盛。因此城镇的扩张与人口向城镇的流动和政府对城镇的投资是密不可分的。本文试图通过引用系统工程理念中的压力-状态-响应（P-S-R）模型,分析导致城镇建设用地扩张的人口和固定资产投资的压力机制,并构建了测算建设用地需求模型。基于黔江区2004-2008年的数据,测得黔江区合理的城镇扩张规模,避免城镇粗放型的扩张。测得黔江区建设用地增量380.92 hm2。     

Development Capacity of the Old -town Renewal Determined by GIS --A Case Study of Old -town Renewal in Nanyang City

Along with the process of urbanization,the old-town renewal has become the top task in the city construction.Directed by quantitative analysis of city's economy,this paper puts forward a new conception and model of development capacity for old city renewal,established land class evaluation system and AHP model to determine the land class and its evaluation factors.Restricted by the old town's eco-environment and social environment,and targeted by its economy,this paper suggests that the upper limit model of the old city's development capacity should be decided by its eco-environment volume and social environment,and the lower limit model should be determined by the market economy,thus the renewal can see the economy,society and environment proceed orderly and harmoniously.Upon the platform of ARCGIS with considering Nanyang old town renewal planning and design,this paper has drawn a digital map for old town renewal development intensity,and explores tentatively the proper development capacity under the platform of GIS.     

快速工业化中耕地变化与保护 ——以江苏如东县为例

快速工业化中，城镇化和工业化导致建设用地大量增加、耕地锐减，从而造成经济发展与用地的不协调。尝试通过对江苏省如东县近10年工业化发展与耕地变化的分析相关，厘清影响耕地变化的主导因素，从而有针对地提出耕地保护的有效对策。笔者主要应用定性与定量相结合的方法进行工业化与耕地变化相关性分析；应用霍夫曼系数来确定工业化阶段，应用单因素逐一回归分析耕地变化情况。研究结果表明，近10年如东县工业化处于加速发展阶段，耕地变化显著；导致耕地变化的主导因素主要是城市化和固定投资；应该通过集约节约用地、深挖用地潜力、协调城乡用地等方面进行耕地保护。     

花房村建设用地适宜性评价的GIS实现

村域建设用地适宜性评价是村级土地利用规划的基础,其在新农村建设及统筹城乡发展中具有重要的意义。笔者选取“千百工程”之一的重庆市巴南区天星寺镇花房村为例,采用权的最小平方法确定各指标的权重,通过GIS空间分析,根据得到的结果划分为4种土地适宜性评价等级：很适宜、较适宜、适宜、不适宜,并对研究区建设用地适宜性绘制了专题地图。研究结果表明：花房村村域内,天井山脉及其两侧不适宜布局建设用地,荔枝社、陈家嘴社和陶院子社建设用地适宜性较强,可布设“巴渝新村”。通过引入GIS技术,提高了建设用地适宜性评价的科学性和工作效率,对优化建设用地的空间布局提供了科学依据。     

区域建设用地动态变化及经济效益评价——以天水市为例

随着工业化和城市化的快速发展,对建设用地的需求量也越来越大。为了深入了解建设用地利用情况及经济效益,缓解目前土地利用的供需矛盾。基于2000—2009年的天水市建设用地数据和社会经济的相关数据,运用灰色关联度分析天水市建设用地动态变化和驱动因子,并选取与建设用地相关的指标因子,利用变异系数法对天水市建设用地的经济效益进行分析评价。结果表明：2000—2009年,天水市建设用地增长明显,影响天水市建设用地增长的主要驱动因子为总人口数、GDP和第二、三产业产值以及客运量;同时建设用地经济效益也呈逐年增长的趋势。通过对各因素影响程度的分析,为有效利用土地资源、提高土地利用经济效益提供参考。