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木材心材形成原因和机理研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
《陕西林业科技》2017,(6)
本文介绍了木材心材和边材的差异,着重分析了木材边材转变为心材、心材形成的原因和机理,有树体自身生长需求、促进物质调控、真菌和细菌侵入、林木经营措施、种植地立条件、自身遗传因素调控等。同时介绍了国内外人工促进心材形成的方法,对人工促进木材心材形成提出了建议,为提高木材培育效率提供理论基础。 相似文献
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为研究植物生长调节剂对幼龄檀香生长及心材形成的影响,以6年生幼龄檀香(Santalum album)为试验材料,采用树体注入的方法,比较研究3种浓度(2g/L、4g/L、6g/L)植物生长调节剂乙烯利(ETH)、茉莉酸(JA)和甲基紫精(MV)对其生长和心材形成的影响。结果表明,试验1年后,不同浓度、不同生长调节剂对6年生檀香的树高、胸径生长与CK组差异不大;但能促进檀香形成深褐色的心材。以浓度2 g/L、6 g/L乙烯利和甲基紫精处理最佳;心材直径2~3 cm,茉莉酸处理不利于心材形成。研究结果初步表明檀香不仅能在热带地区三亚生长,注射生长调节剂也能促成心材的形成。 相似文献
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国外对杨树湿心材的研究 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
杨树是我国主要速生造林树种之一。杨树的利用对我国林业和林产工业的发展有重要影响。湿心材是树木生长中的一种反常现象,在杨树中表现甚为突出,是杨树加工利用中的一大难题。国外对湿心材的研究于上世纪初即已开始,已取得许多研究成果。本文扼要介绍国外研究的进展和一些重要观点,涉及湿心材的形成,湿心材中的细菌、气体和水分,湿心材的酸度、材色、力学强度、渗透性和湿心材对干燥、人造板生产和刨削等工艺过程的影响。 相似文献
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为了科学防治杨树湿心材,本研究对湖北省不同品种、年龄、栽植密度及立地条件的杨树湿心材发生情况和致病微生物开展了初步研究.结果表明:湖北省杨树湿心材发生十分严重,湿心材严重程度除了受到遗传控制外,还受到立地、气候等环境条件协同影响.湿心材成因复杂,杨树自身生理因素、病原微生物及外界环境均对杨树湿心材形成有影响. 相似文献
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Santalum album (Indian Sandalwood) is found in the mountainous regions of the intermediate zone of Sri Lanka. Few studies have been conducted on sandalwood ecology in this region, and ours is the first recorded study of essential oil content and chemical composition of heartwood. We harvested two trees with State permission and took crosssections for analysis. We demonstrated a difference in the heartwood formation and oil yield of the trees. The composition of the oil was found to be consistent between trees and along the trunk of the tree. Main aromatic compounds were santalols and other compounds are recorded in lesser quantities. Results of this study comply with the other published work on sandalwood elsewhere. This initial study on S. album in Sri Lanka provided promising results for the future of sandalwood agro- forestry. 相似文献
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黑木相思株内木材基本材性变化与树龄关系的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对不同树龄和径向位置黑木相思木材的物理和主要力学性质测定研究表明:黑木相思株内边材、心材密度和主要力学性质随着树龄的增大而增大,径向和弦向的体积干缩率随着树龄的增大而减小;相同树龄黑木相思的边材密度和力学性能比心材小,干缩率比心材大.因此,在利用黑木相思时应对树龄、心边材径向位置加以特别考虑. 相似文献
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Aleš Kadunc 《European Journal of Forest Research》2007,126(3):349-358
Sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) is a tree species with highly valuable wood. Similar to European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), the stemwood of sycamore can be devalued due to the discolouration i.e. brown heart (hearwood discolouration, hereafter).
This paper aims to establish the influence of tree traits and site characteristics on the formation of heartwood discolouration
and the possibility of predicting the occurrence of heartwood discolouration. For this purpose, 351 sycamore trees from 38
sites in Slovenia, most of them on carbonate bedrock and in the mountain vegetation belt, were analysed. Stem analysis was
carried out on all the trees and the age, diameter at breast height (dbh), height of crown base, forking and crown size, were
established. On the stump and upper fronts of the first and second logs, the maximum heartwood discolouration diameter was
measured. Using logistic regression, the positive influence of age, relative crown length and average diameter increment on
the formation of heartwood discolouration was ascertained. Conversely, the probability of heartwood discolouration was diminished
by diameter increment in the last 20 years. In the less productive sites, the probability of formation of heartwood discolouration
was relatively high in small diameter trees, but it increased slowly with diameter. Tree forking also contributed to a large
extent of the heartwood discolouration. After the diameter at breast height achieves 45 cm, the formation of heartwood discolouration
on the first log is highly probable. As in beech, the heartwood discolouration increases along the stem axis up to a height
of 6–8 m, and decreases in the higher parts of the tree. 相似文献
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Sofia Knapic Vanda Oliveira Marika Makkonen Isabel Pinto-Seppä Helena Pereira 《European Journal of Forest Research》2014,133(6):1007-1014
Maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) is an important timber and pulpwood species covering about 4 million ha in Portugal, Spain and France. This work studied the cross-sectional distribution of heartwood and sapwood along the stem using 3D modelling on 20 trees. The target was to assess the potential of this species for the industrial production of heartwood sawn products. The maritime pine stems were characterized by wide sapwood of 10 cm, in average, and the presence of heartwood at all height levels with constant diameter up to 35 % tree height, decreasing afterwards. In the radial section, the heartwood follows a circumferential-like shape which changes along the stem. Pith eccentricity index values were low and homogeneous regarding to stem and higher for heartwood. Heartwood cross-sectional shape was constant up to 45 % of total height of the tree and more elongated upwards. The constant heartwood diameter, low taper and pith eccentricity index, and an approximate circular shape up to 10 m height indicated these species’ potential to produce solid wood products made out of heartwood. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):88-96
The aim of the study was to investigate the possibility of strength grading Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] saw logs on the basis of simulated X-ray LogScanner measurements and to evaluate the potential accuracy of X-ray LogScanner measurements of green heartwood density and percentage of heartwood. The study was based on 272 logs for strength grading and 29 logs for measurements of green heartwood density and percentage of heartwood. The logs were scanned using computed tomography (CT). After sawing, the modulus of elasticity (MOE) of the centre boards was measured using a strength-grading machine. The CT images were used for simulations of an X-ray LogScanner, resulting in simulated measurements of different variables such as diameter, taper, percentage of heartwood, density and density variations. Multivariate models for prediction of MOE were then calibrated using partial least squares (PLS) regression. The MOE of a log was defined as the mean value of the MOE of the two centre boards. The study showed that the simulated X-ray LogScanner measured the percentage of heartwood and green heartwood density with relatively high accuracy (R 2 = 0.94 and R 2 = 0.73, respectively, after removing two outliers) and that these and other variables measured by the simulated X-ray LogScanner could be used to predict the stiffness of the centre boards. These predictions were used to sort the logs according to the predicted MOE. When sorting out 50% of the logs (''high-strength'' logs), the percentage of C30 boards increased from 73% (all logs in the study) to 100% (only ''high-strength'' logs). The rest of the logs could then be divided into two groups, one of them with 100% C24 and C30 boards. 相似文献
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Heartwood affects the utility of wood because it differs in some properties compared to sapwood. To regulate heartwood formation,
its mechanism must be elucidated. However, the molecular basis underlying heartwood formation remains largely unknown. To
obtain clues to understand the mechanism at a molecular level, we collected expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the transition
zone (TZ) of Cryptomeria japonica D. Don in November, in which heartwood formation is considered to proceed. A total of 1029 ESTs were assembled into 744 unique
sequences (103 clusters and 641 singletons). Putative functions were assigned to 291 nuclear-encoded sequences, and they were
grouped into 21 categories according to the eukaryotic orthologous groups functional classification. We selected 20 genes
for enzymes or proteins, then examined their expression patterns among different organs. The expression levels of nine genes
were higher in November than in June in the TZ. The genes encode two enzymes in glycolysis, invertase, methionine adenosyltransferase,
glutathione transferase, the lipid transfer protein, Bet v 1 allergen, the dehydrin and the function-unknown protein. This
study has provided the first large-scale EST information from the TZ of conifers, which will be useful for understanding the
physiological processes in the TZ at a molecular level. 相似文献
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目的 研究土壤理化性质与红锥人工林生长及心材形成的相关性,以期为红锥人工林的立地选择和高价值心材定向培育提供科学依据。 方法 在广西凭祥市中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心红锥中龄林和近熟林内设置9块20 m × 30 m的样地,选取样地内优势木进行解析,分析其生长和心材特征,并采集0~20、20~40、40~60、60~100 cm 4个土层的土样,分析其理化性质,应用灰色关联分析研究土壤理化性质对红锥人工林生长及心材形成的影响。 结果 2个龄组红锥心材直径比分别为24.27%和49.33%,高度比分别为44.99%和45.99%,材积比分别为6.88%和14.94%。灰色关联分析表明:近熟林的胸径、树高和材积与土壤毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度的关联度最高,而中龄林的这些指标与非毛管空隙度和全磷含量的关联度最高。中龄林和近熟林心材特征与速效钾、全钾和有效磷含量的关联度最高。 结论 土壤毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度和非毛管孔隙度是影响红锥人工林生长的主要因子,土壤速效钾、全钾和有效磷含量是心材形成的主要影响因子。 相似文献
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Kazuya Iizuka Narumi Toya Jyunichi Ohshima Futoshi Ishiguri Naoko Miyamoto Mineaki Aizawa Tatsuhiro Ohkubo Chisato Takenaka Shinso Yokota 《Journal of Wood Science》2018,64(1):59-64
To utilize forest resources in areas affected by fallout from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, it is important to understand the mechanisms of 137Cs movement through the stem wood of contaminated trees. Understanding the mechanism of absorption and migration of 137Cs to stem wood is necessary for clues to the future prediction of the transition of 137Cs to xylem. In the present study, radial variations in 137Cs concentration were investigated in Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) trees collected 1 year and 10 months after the accident. Additionally, the relationship between 137Cs concentration and potassium (K) content was established. Trees with a higher moisture content and lower lightness value in heartwood tended to have a higher 137Cs concentration in the heartwood. In these trees, 137Cs concentration peaked at the heartwood–sapwood boundary and gradually decreased toward the pith. By contrast, K content within the heartwood remained nearly constant along the radial direction. The heartwood-to-sapwood ratio of 137Cs concentration was significantly positively correlated with that of K content. Based on these results, we suggest that 137Cs movement from sapwood to heartwood might be related to the K content ratio of heartwood and sapwood. 相似文献