垃圾渗滤液处理技术及展望

指出了垃圾渗滤液是一种成分复杂、水质水量变化巨大、有机物和氨氮浓度高、微生物营养元素比例失调的环境污染物,选择最佳的垃圾渗滤液处理技术对保护环境至关重要。为此,探讨了物化法、生物法、土地处理法等多种垃圾渗滤液处理方法,为新技术新方法的研究提供参考。     

一种处理垃圾渗滤液的新型组合工艺

针对垃圾渗滤液水质特点，研发了一套新型组合工艺，经过罗定市垃圾填埋场晚期渗滤液的中试处理试验，并对工艺进行改良和优化，结果表明：垃圾渗滤液能够得到很好的处理，各项出水指标基本达到规定的标准，在实际工程中发挥良好的作用。     

沼液灌溉对土壤渗滤液重金属含量的影响

采用盆栽试验研究了沼液灌溉种植莴苣对土壤水质的影响。通过在日光温室盆栽试验,分别设定不施肥、施有机肥、施复合肥、施沼液原液和施稀释30倍沼液等5个处理。盆栽试验采用20L的塑料桶,桶底钻孔并放置在塑料盆中以收集渗滤液,并将桶与盆之间的缝隙用塑料薄膜密封,防止渗滤液蒸发。结果表明:与施用常规化肥相比沼液原液灌溉会明显增加土壤渗滤液中重金属的浓度,稀释30倍沼液灌溉土壤渗滤液中Cd、Cu的浓度会增加,而Cr、Zn的浓度未出现这一趋势。     

垃圾渗滤液处理方法研究进展

为了研究目前垃圾渗滤液处理方法及处理效果现状,以实现垃圾填埋场在实际运营过程中对垃圾渗滤液的有效处理,从而达到环境保护的目的,从垃圾渗滤液来源、特征与危害、垃圾渗滤液处理方法等方面进行探讨、分析,并总结了各处理方法的成功案例。探讨了未来垃圾渗滤液处理方法的发展趋势,即配套新型处理剂或者新材料的组合工艺将是垃圾渗滤液处理的发展方向。     

城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理技术研究进展

指出了垃圾渗滤液是一种非常复杂、有毒且难处理的污水。介绍了垃圾渗滤液的来源特点,并通过对垃圾渗滤液处理技术的总结,概括了各类技术的主要优缺点和应用范围,探讨了垃圾渗滤液物理化学处理、生物处理及土地处理等几种处理方法的优缺点。针对目前国内外主要垃圾渗滤液处理技术和工艺应用情况,分析了垃圾渗滤液处理工程技术应用中的关键问题,并且简要的阐述了我国垃圾渗滤液处理中面临的问题。     

A~2/O处理渗滤液中重金属的去除率分析

以垃圾渗滤液中的重金属为研究对象,分析了A2/O工艺处理垃圾渗滤液过程中重金属(Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cr)的变化以及去除情况。结果表明:A2/O工艺对渗滤液中的重金属去除率较高,但由于处理过程易受运行条件的影响,各重金属的去除率并不相同。由于渗滤液中重金属主要以溶解态形式存在,因此当渗滤液经过调节池的调节作用后,通过重力沉降或吸附沉降作用得到去除重金属含量较少。从生化处理结果来看,重金属经过生化处理后得到了很好的去除,去除率顺序基本与总去除率顺序保持一致。     

垃圾焚烧发电厂垃圾渗滤液的处理和回收利用

指出了随着社会经济的快速发展,各种环境污染不断加重。特别是城市化进程的不断加速,导致城市人口迅速扩增,城市生活垃圾成倍增长,为减少生活垃圾对环境带来的污染,通常利用堆肥、焚烧、综合利用和填埋等方式对其进行处理,但在各种处理过程中都会不可避免地产生垃圾渗滤液。因此,研究和探讨垃圾焚烧发电厂垃圾渗滤液的处理和回收对策具有非常重要的现实意义。为此,分析了垃圾焚烧发电厂垃圾渗滤液的特点,提出了几点处理及回收的有效措施,以期能为我国垃圾焚烧发电厂垃圾渗滤液的处理和回收利用提供一些参考和借鉴。     

某垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液处理工程污泥危险特性鉴别研究

以某垃圾卫生填埋场渗滤液处理工程污泥为例,介绍了渗滤液的产生过程、处理工艺,分析了渗滤液中污染物可能的迁移路径。在此基础上,对渗滤液处理工程污泥的危险特性进行了鉴别。结果表明：污泥在腐蚀性、急性毒性、反应性、易燃性、浸出毒性及毒性物质含量方面均不具有对应的危险特性,渗滤液处理工程污泥不属于危险废物。探讨了同类项目可能存在的问题,并提出了相应的建议：确保生产工况正常和污水处理设施的正常运行,废水处理药剂应确保符合相关产品质量标准,投药量维持在合理稳定的水平;加强对填埋稳定化飞灰的抽检,做好该渗滤液处理污泥的日常管理,依据固体废物管理要求妥善进行固废的暂存、转移运输及处置工作。以期为同类卫生填埋场渗滤液处理工程污泥固废属性的判定以及日常管理提供参考。     

新型生物除臭剂对垃圾渗滤液除臭效果评估

指出了调节池中的垃圾渗滤液是垃圾填埋厂恶臭的主要来源,对其进行预处理是控制恶臭的主要方法之一。采用投加新型生物除臭剂分别在实验室内对垃圾渗滤液进行了处理和现场调节池内对垃圾渗滤液进行了处理,结果表明：生物除臭剂对垃圾渗滤液的恶臭处理效果,实验室条件下NH3-N和异味的去除率分别为26．11％和59．67％,垃圾渗滤液处理现场监测分析调节池下风口空气中氨气和硫化氢的质量浓度分别为1．35mg／m^3和0．048mg／m^3,恶臭排放标准达到国家二级标准。     

垃圾渗滤液处理现状及存在问题初探

随着人口的快速增长和城市规模的不断扩大,城市中的生活垃圾总量也在不断地呈上升趋势,如何对垃圾渗滤液进行有效的处理是现在面临的重要课题。介绍了垃圾渗滤液的来源和特点,分析了垃圾渗滤液处理现状和存在的问题,并且提出了相应的对策。     

后干燥处理对防腐木材性能的影响初步研究

试验初步研究了后干燥处理对加铬砷酸铜(CCA-C)、季铵铜(ACQ-C和ACQ-D)三种防腐处理木材中铜的流失影响。结果表明:随着流失次数的增加,CCA-C、ACQ-C、ACQ-D三种防腐处理木材的铜流失量都呈降低趋势,最终降至非常低。随着处理温度的升高,3种防腐材的铜流失量都有所增大。CCA-C型木材防腐剂的抗流失性优于ACQ型木材防腐剂。在同等条件下,ACQ-D防腐材的铜流失率高于ACQ-C防腐材。     

Auswaschung phytotoxischer Substanzen aus Blättern kranker und gesunder Buchen - Schäden an der Bodenflora

Leaching of phytotoxic substances from foliage of diseased and healthy beeches - damage to ground vegetation. Damage to vegetation under declining beeches gave rise to test the effects of simulated aqueous leachate of beech leaves on 7 wild flower species. In biotests under aseptic conditions leachate of declining beeches affected germination and plant development more than leachate of healthy ones.     

Uptake of Macro- and Micro-Nutrients into Leaf,Woody, and Root Tissue of Populus after Irrigation with Landfill Leachate

ABSTRACT

Information about macro- and micro-nutrient uptake and distribution into tissues of Populus irrigated with landfill leachate helps to maximize biomass production and understand impacts of leachate chemistry on tree health. We irrigated eight Populus clones (NC 13460, NCI4O18, NC14104, NC14106, DM115, DN5, NM2, NM6) with fertilized (N, P, K) well water(control) or municipal solid waste landfill leachate weekly during 2005 and 2006 in Rhinelander, Wisconsin, USA. During Aug. 2006, we tested for differences in total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Zn, B, Mn, Fe, Cu, Al, and Pb concentration in preplanting and harvest soils; and in leaf, woody (stems?+?branches), and root tissue. Other than N, leachate did not increase the soil concentration of elements relative to preplanting levels. There was broad genotypic variation for tissue concentrations, with clone-specific uptake for most elements. Nitrogen, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, and Mn concentrations were greatest in leaves and least in woody tissue, while those of Fe, Cu, and Al were greatest in roots and least in leaves and woody tissue. Overall, successful uptake of nutrients without impacts to tree health validated the use of landfill leachate as an irrigation and fertilization source for Populus.     

UASB-MBR-NF工艺处理生活垃圾焚烧电厂渗滤液处理研究

以福建某垃圾焚烧发电厂渗滤液处理工程为例,分析了升流式厌氧污泥床反应器（UASB）、膜生化反应器（MBR）和纳滤膜（NF）处理相结合的处理工艺在焚烧厂渗滤液处理中的应用情况。经预处理后,厌氧工艺可有效降低污水的有机物负荷,之后采用MBR工艺进一步降低水体中的氨氮和有机污染物浓度,CODCr降到500mg／L以下,最后经过纳滤处理,可以使出水CODCr降到30mg／L,纳滤净化水回用率80％。     

Potential contribution of organosilicon compounds to reduced leaching of biocides in wood protection

? Leaching of biocide treated wood leads to reduced effectiveness and potential threat to the environment.

? Therefore the effectiveness of organosilicons as protective systems of biocides was evaluated. Scots pine sapwood specimens were impregnated with solely organosilicons and biocides as well as with combinations of both.

? The biocides 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate, propiconazole and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride confirmed their effectiveness regardless the addition of an organosilicon. Low leachate toxicities to the crustacean Daphnia magna were found for the organosilicons, whereas significant leachate toxicities were measured for the biocides. Combining both did not considerably diminish the leachate toxicities.

? It must therefore be concluded that under the circumstances as described in this article, organosilicons do not interfere with the efficacy of the biocides, but they do not contribute to a reduced leaching of the biocides either.

     

Variation among four white ash families in response to competition and allelopathy

Analysis of three environmental variables affecting seedling growth of four half-sib white ash families was dominated by a three-way interaction between soil moisture stress, fescue leachate, and family. Of these, soil moisture stress contributed by far the most to the interaction and resulted in an average growth decline of 62%. Although fescue leachate appeared to be phytotoxic to ash seedlings, it had a lesser effect resulting in changes in height rankings among families. Seedling families which grew well under moisture stress also tended to be tallest in the presence of fescue leachate. However, seedling families which were tallest under optimum growing conditions were not necessarily tallest when exposed to moisture stress.     

兴丰垃圾填埋场渗滤液中pH值、COD和BOD5的变化特征

通过对2005～2011年兴丰垃圾填埋场渗滤液中pH值、COD和BOD5浓度变化分析,结果表明:广州兴丰生活垃圾填埋场已提前进入"老龄化"阶段,自2009年以来渗滤液中pH值稳定在7.73～8.24之间,且有增大的趋势;COD和BOD5均有大幅度下降,但仍保持较高值,两者间有明显的相关性;BOD5/COD的值介于0.48～0.19之间,可生化性差。     

紫茎泽兰对桉树的化感作用

为了探索紫茎泽兰对桉树的化感作用,研究分析了紫茎泽兰叶片浸出液及枯落物对直杆桉苗生长的影响,同时结合紫茎泽兰对桉树人工林的入侵情况,初步研究了紫茎泽兰对桉树的化感作用。结果表明：紫茎泽兰可以成为桉树人工林地上的单优势种群,提高桉树人工林地的土壤含水率,但会影响到桉树的健康状况。紫茎泽兰叶片浸出液对直杆桉苗地上部分和地下部分化感作用相反,对地上部分表现出一定的抑制作用,对地下部分根系表现出较好的促进作用,提高了根系的恢复能力,而枯落物基质浇浸出液对根系的促进效果最佳。在红壤和枯落物基质中,浸出液处理次数与根系生长均呈极显著正相关。