猪细小病毒病油乳剂灭活疫苗研制及应用研究

猪细小病毒 (ＰＰＶ)能引起母猪尤其是初产母猪的繁殖障碍 ,主要表现为母猪受胎率降低、产活仔数减少、出现死胎和 (或 )木乃伊胎。到 2 0世纪 80年代ＰＰＶ在我国的流行已经相当广泛 ,给养猪业带来严重的经济损失。预防本病的唯一办法是应用疫苗。我所在ＰＰＶ分离和鉴定的基础上 ,一直致力于猪细小病毒病疫苗的研究 ,于 1 987年研究成功猪细小病毒ＡＥＩ灭活疫苗〔1〕,1 994年研究成功猪细小病毒病弱毒疫苗〔2 ,3〕。对于猪细小病毒ＡＥＩ灭活疫苗在经过不断的改造、完善及一系列试验后 ,现在研制的猪细小病毒病油乳剂灭活疫苗具有免疫剂…     

使用猪乙脑、细小病毒疫苗防制初产母猪流产死胎效果观察

南方地区秋季留种，第二年春季配种的初产母猪时常出现流产、死胎现象．主要原因是感染猪乙型脑炎和细小病毒。对此，我们采取接种疫苗的方法予以防制。现将试验效果报告如下。1材料与方法1．1试验猪与分组在松江县种禽场养猪组选取初产社枫（杜洛克2X枫注导）母猪53头，随机分为4组：A组接种猪细小病毒疫苗，B组接种猪乙脑疫苗，C组接种猪细小病毒疫苗和猪乙脑疫苗，D组为对照组，两种疫苗均不接种1．2疫苗与接种方法猎乙脑疫苗，上海市本贤县畜牧兽医站广，批号960113、960101；猪细小病毒疫苗，上海市农科院畜牧兽医研究所产，批号g6o…     

猪细小病毒分子生物学诊断技术及基因工程疫苗的研究进展

猪细小病毒(porcine parvovirus,PPV)是引起母猪繁殖障碍的主要病原体之一,是从培养细胞中发现并分离得到的一种DNA病毒。随着对猪细小病毒研究的不断深入,目前已经基本阐明了PPV的抗原性、组织嗜性、基因组、转录图谱和翻译图谱等,在病毒诊断技术、疫苗研制等方面取得了很大的成就。本文综述了猪细小病毒的最新分子诊断技术及基因工程疫苗的研究进展。     

三种免疫增强剂对猪细小病毒抗体水平的影响

选择30日龄健康荣昌仔猪12头,每组3头分为4组。选择盐酸左旋咪唑、猪基因工程干扰素及蜂胶液作为免疫接种猪细小病毒疫苗的免疫增强剂,按相同的免疫程序免疫接种试验猪1个月,于免疫接种前采集血液后,以后每隔7d采集一次血液制备血清,检测猪细小病毒抗体效价。比较各组猪细小病毒抗体水平消长曲线情况,分析3种免疫增强剂的免疫增强效果。结果表明,蜂胶作为猪细小病毒疫苗的免疫增强剂效果最好,平均滴度达1∶256;左旋咪唑次之,平均滴度为1∶128;干扰素较差,滴度介于1∶64～1∶128。统计分析表明,试验组及单一细小病毒疫苗对照组免疫接种前后猪细小病毒抗体效价差异极显著(P<0.01),3种免疫增强剂与单一细小病毒疫苗对照组差异显著(P<0.05),其中,蜂胶与单一细小病毒疫苗对照组及与干扰素组差异极显著(P<0.01),盐酸左旋咪唑与干扰素组及与蜂胶组间的抗体效价差异均不显著(P>0.05),干扰素与蜂胶组的猪细小病毒抗体效价差异显著(P<0.05)。     

猪细小病毒病疫苗研究进展

猪细小病毒是引起母猪繁殖障碍的主要病原之一,给养猪业造成的损失非常巨大,目前主要的预防措施是疫苗接种。在国外已有商品化的猪细小病毒病灭活疫苗和弱毒疫苗,国内现在只有商品化的灭活疫苗,弱毒疫苗尽管有很多研究报道,但迄今为止还没有商品化。猪细小病毒和其他病毒的联苗研究也有很多报道,但离商品化还有很多工作要做。     

猪细小病毒病毒样颗粒研究进展

猪细小病毒(PPV)是引起母猪繁殖障碍和仔猪死亡的主要病原,疫苗免疫预防是控制该病的主要手段。由于对生物安全的担心,目前国内使用的疫苗仍以灭活苗为主。病毒样颗粒(VLPs)疫苗以其安全性高、免疫原性好成为各类病毒疫苗研究的热门方向。猪细小病毒病毒样颗粒(PPV-VLPs)是不含PPV DNA的空衣壳结构,由PPV VP2结构蛋白体外自行组装形成,形态上与天然病毒粒子相似,具有很强的免疫原性和生物学活性。论文就VLPs疫苗的免疫机制及PPV-VLPs的组装及其在国内外的研究进行综述,为PPV-VLPs研究提供参考。     

猪细小病毒病、伪狂犬病、猪繁殖和呼吸综合征及疫苗的研究进展

猪细小病毒、伪狂犬病毒和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒是引起种猪病毒性繁殖障碍的主要病原，且多发生混合感染。目前，这3种疾病在我国均有流行，并已有单苗可供预防接种，该文就猪细小病毒病、伪狂犬病、猪繁殖和呼吸综合征及疫苗的研究进展进行综述。     

四川省部分种畜(猪)场猪细小病毒病血清抗体的检测

猪细小病毒是引起母猪繁殖障碍的主要病原体之一。以胚胎和胎儿感染及死亡为特征。实践中，本病以预防为主，采用猪细小病毒疫苗免疫。采用乳胶凝集抗原，对我省部分种畜（猪）场的猪血清进行了猪细小病毒病血清抗体检测，结果显示，平均阳性率为56％，其中阳性率最高达93％，最低为14．71％。     

国内猪细小病毒疫苗及免疫程序

猪细小病毒(PPV)可以引起猪的繁殖障碍性疾病,控制该疾病最为行之有效的方法就是疫苗免疫。本文概述了猪细小病毒的基本概况,并对国内市场上生产的PPV疫苗、种类及免疫程序进行了综述。     

江苏省4种引致猪繁殖障碍的病毒病流行病学调查

采集江苏省苏南、苏北、苏中 3个不同地区未经猪细小病毒、伪狂犬病毒、猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒及猪乙型脑炎 4种病毒疫苗免疫的后备母猪、有流产史的经产母猪及种公猪血清样品 10 0 0份 ,应用血清学方法检测样品的上述 4种病毒抗体。结果表明 :猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征阳性率 0 83 % ,而猪细小病毒、猪乙型脑炎病毒、伪狂犬病病毒感染率达 30 %～ 80 %。在经产母猪群中有 85 8%发生不同程度混合感染 ,主要是以猪细小病毒与猪乙型脑炎病毒混合感染为主。疫苗免疫试验验证了血清学调查结果。种公猪群猪伪狂犬病病毒的阳性率较高     

Immune Complex‐based Vaccine for Pig Protection against Parvovirus

The insoluble immune complexes (ICs) were prepared under the conditions of double immunodiffusion in gel, using the suspension of the ultrasound treated PK‐15 cell‐line infected with porcine parvovirus (PPV) containing both viral particles and viral proteins, as well as pig or rabbit anti‐PPV polyclonal immune sera. The immunodiffusion performed in an agarose gel allows only viral subunits with a molecular mass equal to or less than 1000 kDa, rather than the viral particles, to diffuse through the gel and reach the point where the immunoprecipitate is to be formed. The immunoprecipitation under the conditions of the diffusion ensures the optimal, i.e. equimolar ratio of both immunoprecipitating components, antibody/antigen in the IC. The sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the Western blot analyses showed the ICs were composed of two proteins, a protein in which molecular mass corresponded to the VP2 of the PPV and a protein with a molecular mass of the IgG. This suggests that the ICs are mainly composed of the VP2 antigen and IgG class antibodies. The potency of the IC‐vaccines prepared in the form of a water‐in‐oil‐in‐water emulsion was compared with that of a commercially available, inactivated oil vaccine. The vaccination of gilts, 6 weeks before mating, with the IC containing allogeneic pig antibodies, resulted in the development of high and long‐lasting anti‐PPV antibody titres, similar to those generated by the licenced vaccine (P > 0.01). The content of the virus material administered by the IC was twice lower than that in the licenced vaccine. Neither systemic nor local reactions were observed in the gilts during the period of the trial with the IC vaccine. The number of viable piglets per litter varied between 9 and 12 and no signs of the PPV infection were detected. Rabbits were used as one of the alternative laboratory animal models accepted for the testing of the vaccine against the PPV. The rabbit humoral immune response generated by the IC containing the allogeneic antibodies were higher than that generated by the ICs containing the xenogeneic pig antibodies. It was similar to that generated by two‐times higher content of the virus material administered by a commercially available vaccine. The IC‐based vaccines belong to non‐replicating, subunit vaccines, which are both ecologically convenient and the safest vaccines of all.     

Antibody responses of guinea-pigs, rabbits and pigs to inactivated porcine parvovirus vaccines

Antibody responses were compared in guinea-pigs, rabbits and pigs following vaccination with inactivated porcine parvovirus (PPV) vaccines. Mean PPV hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers of 52, 56 and 36 at 1 week after first vaccination and 896, 640 and 512 at 2 weeks after second vaccination were detected in guinea-pigs, rabbits and pigs, respectively. PPV vaccines prepared with greater concentrations of virus, as determined by hemagglutination (HA) units, and of aluminum hydroxide gel adjuvant, induced higher HI antibody titers in guinea-pigs. Optimal concentrations for inducing consistently high antibody titers consisted of vaccine virus with a HA titer of 256/0.1 ml and gel adjuvant at a final concentration of 50%. A second vaccination at 4 weeks compared to 2 or 3 weeks after first vaccination resulted in higher mean HI titers. These data provide preliminary information on the use of guinea-pigs or rabbits as laboratory animal models for testing the potency of PPV vaccines.     

Comparative investigations of a combined vaccine against parvovirus and erysipelas and corresponding monovaccines in different vaccination schedules. 1: Field trial]

In a field trial, the development of antibodies of a combined vaccine against the porcine parvovirus (PPV) as well as against swine erysipelas was compared with corresponding mono vaccines. Furthermore, these vaccines were used in different vaccination schedules. The tests were carried out on 109 gilts in three closed farms. In all gilts, a basic immunization repeated twice was carried out at the age of six months and at intervals of three weeks. The revaccination was carried out four months after the basic immunization with half of the animals, and six months after the basic immunization with the remaining gilts. Between the combined vaccine and the mono vaccine no significant differences in the development of antibodies against PPV could be found according to different vaccination schedules. The gilts having been vaccinated with the mono vaccine and boostered six months later showed significantly higher antibody titers against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. Between the remaining vaccination groups no significant difference in the development of the antibodies against swine erysipelas could be found. On only one farm, a continuous decrease of antibody titers against PPV in case of altogether 238 non-vaccinated piglets until the sixth month of life could be observed. On the two other farms, an increase of antibody titers against PPV could be found at different points of time, which indicates an infection of the piglets. Between the individual vaccination groups no significant antibody titers against PPV could be measured in milk tests. With regard to the number of piglets born alive per litter, the number of piglets born dead per litter and the number of mummies, a significant difference could neither be found between the vaccination groups 1-4.     

Ginseng extract in aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted vaccines improves the antibody response of pigs to porcine parvovirus and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Ginseng, the dry extract prepared from the Panax ginseng C.A. Mayer-root contain immunomodulators named ginsenosides, which in the pig enhance the antibody response to viral and bacterial antigens. The enhancing effect of ginseng was demonstrated vaccinating pigs against porcine parvovirus (PPV) and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae infections, using commercially available vaccines. The potency of the licensed, aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted; vaccines were compared with those supplemented with ginseng. The antibody response to PPV was measured by the haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test whereas the mouse potency test and ELISA evaluated the immune response to E. rhusiopathiae. Antibodies to the 64-66 kDa glycoprotein of the E. rhusiopathiae were demonstrated by immunoblotting. The qualitative antibody responses were evaluated by means of ELISA(s) using monoclonal antibodies to swine IgG1 and IgG2. The addition of 2mg ginseng per vaccine dose, potentiate the antibody response of the commercial vaccines without altering their safety. Significantly higher (P<0.001) antibody titres were achieved to both PPV and to E. rhusiopathiae by the supplementation with ginseng. Aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted vaccines favoured the production of IgG1 antibodies. Interestingly, the vaccines supplemented with ginseng favoured IgG2. The vaccines used in the evaluations varied in their immunogenic potency. However, after the addition of ginseng the less immunogenic vaccine proved to be as potent as the better one without ginseng. Thus, the use of ginseng as a co-adjuvant provides a simple, safe and cheap alternative for improving the potency of aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted vaccines.     

Immune complex-based vaccine for pig protection against parvovirus

The insoluble immune complexes (ICs) were prepared under the conditions of double immunodiffusion in gel, using the suspension of the ultrasound treated PK-15 cell-line infected with porcine parvovirus (PPV) containing both viral particles and viral proteins, as well as pig or rabbit anti-PPV polyclonal immune sera. The immunodiffusion performed in an agarose gel allows only viral subunits with a molecular mass equal to or less than 1000 kDa, rather than the viral particles, to diffuse through the gel and reach the point where the immunoprecipitate is to be formed. The immunoprecipitation under the conditions of the diffusion ensures the optimal, i.e. equimolar ratio of both immunoprecipitating components, antibody/antigen in the IC. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the Western blot analyses showed the ICs were composed of two proteins, a protein in which molecular mass corresponded to the VP2 of the PPV and a protein with a molecular mass of the IgG. This suggests that the ICs are mainly composed of the VP2 antigen and IgG class antibodies. The potency of the IC-vaccines prepared in the form of a water-in-oil-in-water emulsion was compared with that of a commercially available, inactivated oil vaccine. The vaccination of gilts, 6 weeks before mating, with the IC containing allogeneic pig antibodies, resulted in the development of high and long-lasting anti-PPV antibody titres, similar to those generated by the licenced vaccine (P > 0.01). The content of the virus material administered by the IC was twice lower than that in the licenced vaccine. Neither systemic nor local reactions were observed in the gilts during the period of the trial with the IC vaccine. The number of viable piglets per litter varied between 9 and 12 and no signs of the PPV infection were detected. Rabbits were used as one of the alternative laboratory animal models accepted for the testing of the vaccine against the PPV. The rabbit humoral immune response generated by the IC containing the allogeneic antibodies were higher than that generated by the ICs containing the xenogeneic pig antibodies. It was similar to that generated by two-times higher content of the virus material administered by a commercially available vaccine. The IC-based vaccines belong to non-replicating, subunit vaccines, which are both ecologically convenient and the safest vaccines of all.     

猪细小病毒结构蛋白VP2研究进展

猪细小病毒(PPV)是引起猪繁殖障碍性疾病的重要病原之一,目前该病在世界很多国家均有流行和报道,给养猪业带来巨大损失。传统的灭活苗和弱毒苗又都存在各自的缺陷,新型诊断试剂及疫苗的研究迫在眉睫。VP2蛋白是病毒粒子的主要衣壳蛋白,具有在体外能自我装配成类病毒粒子,并能刺激机体产生抗PPV中和抗体,可作为抗原转运载体等特性,故VP2蛋白在猪细小病毒诊断试剂及新型疫苗研究领域具有很大的潜力。论文就VP2的分子生物学及其在该病诊断与预防等方面的研究进展进行了综述。     

口蹄疫新型疫苗研究进展

口蹄疫是由口蹄疫病毒感染引起的偶蹄动物共患的急性、热性、接触性传染病,接种疫苗是特异性预防口蹄疫的有效手段,口蹄疫疫苗主要有弱毒疫苗、灭活疫苗及新型疫苗。自20世纪80年代开始,基因工程亚单位疫苗、合成肽疫苗、病毒活载体疫苗、基因缺失疫苗、重组表位疫苗、核酸疫苗等新型疫苗研究日趋活跃,现对各类型疫苗的研究进展作一综述。     

鸡马立克病疫苗研究进展

文章介绍了鸡马立克病使用的各种疫苗,包括单价、多价活疫苗和HVT冻干疫苗,并简述了各种疫苗的优缺点。同时对各种重组疫苗、基因缺失疫苗、核酸疫苗的研究情况做了概述,并指出了目前鸡马立克病疫苗研究存在的问题及发展前景。     

动物核酸疫苗的研究现状及发展前景

核酸疫苗是近年来备受人们关注的一种新型疫苗。核酸疫苗以其特有的可诱导机体产生全面的免疫应答,对不同亚型的病原体具有交叉防御作用,以及安全、可靠、生产方便等优点被称之为“疫苗的第三次革命”。核酸疫苗由编码能引起保护性免疫反应的病原体抗原的基因片段和载体构建而成,包括DNA疫苗和RNA疫苗,目前研究较多的是DNA疫苗。DNA疫苗是指含有编码抗原基因的真核表达质粒DNA,经直接接种体内后,可被体细胞摄取,并转录、翻译、表达出相应的抗原,然后通过不同途径刺激机体产生针对此种抗原的应答。作者简单介绍了动物核酸疫苗的特点、免疫机制、免疫影响因素及在畜禽传染病中的应用,此外还分析了核酸疫苗的发展前景等问题,从而为核酸疫苗的发展提供了新思路和新途径。     

鱼用疫苗研究进展

鱼用疫苗的种类繁多,除传统疫苗之外,新型疫苗包括合成肽疫苗、DNA疫苗、活载体疫苗、基因缺失疫苗等.一些与鱼用疫苗相关的领域如免疫佐剂、接种方法的研究也逐渐深入.本文对以上研究进展进行了概述,为我国鱼用疫苗的进一步研究和发展提供一些依据.