酶免疫法测定磺胺喹恶啉残留的研究：磺胺喹恶啉抗体的制备

磺胺喹恶啉（ＳＱ）常用于鸡球虫病的防治，但它有一定的毒性，因此该化合物在肉类食品中的残留日益受到人们的关注。本试验用戊二醛法将ＳＱ与牛血清白蛋白（ＢＳＡ）联接形成完全抗原，用紫外扫描对其进行鉴定，并测定其ＳＱ与ＢＳＡ的分子比为１２．１∶１。随后将此抗原免疫家兔制备高效价的抗ＳＱ血清，并用ＥＬＩＳＡ法和琼脂扩散法对其进行鉴定。     

用ELISA检测蛋和雏鸡中的肠炎沙门氏菌

将以前用的快速检测环境样品中肠炎沙门氏菌（ＳＥ）的ＥＬＩＳＡ法，经改进后用于食物样品的检测。本实验选择夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法，捕食阶段用亲和提纯的兔多克隆抗体，检测阶段用高特异单克隆抗体。除ＳＥ以外的３９种细菌，其中包括３２株沙门氏菌，均用ＥＬＩＳＡ法做了交叉试验，结果除ＳＥ外无反应性。将ＳＥ加于食物样品匀浆（雏鸡皮肤、肉和蛋）中测试ＥＬＩＳＡ法的敏感性，用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测ＳＥ，在浓度为１０％（重量／体     

应用单抗间接ELISA检测兔出血症病毒的研究

建立了用于检测脏器组织中兔出血症病毒（ＲＨＤＶ）抗原的单抗间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法，并与血凝试验（ＨＡＴ）和多克降双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ法进行比较，在被检的７８９份样品中，种方法检测结果皆为阴性的有５５１份，皆为阳性者１７３份；单抗间接ＥＬＩＳＡ和多克隆双体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ均为阳性者３１份；公多克隆双抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳ为阳性者３１份；仅ＨＡＴ为阳性者２份；仅单抗间接ＥＬＩＳＡ为阳性者１份。实验结果证实，单抗间接     

酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）与平板凝集反应（RBPT）检测鹿布氏杆菌病…

在１９９５－１９９７年间本文作者进行了ＥＬＩＳＡ法与平板检测鹿丰氏杆菌病的研究，研究结果表明：ＥＬＩＳＡ法比平板法敏感。通过现场３００头分鹿血清的检测结果表明，前者比后者的检出率高５．３４％。前者的阳性血清中完全一者的阳性血清，同时在后者的可疑和阴性血清中，也可检出ＥＳＩＡＡ阳性。     

简讯

简讯★中国农科院哈兽研科研人员用禽流感ＥＬＩＳＡ抗原包被聚苯乙烯微量反应板或混合纤维素酯微孔滤膜，建立了检测禽流感抗体的间接ＥＬＩＳＡ和斑点ＥＬＩＳＡ方法。对人工接种鸡进行检测，ＥＬＩＳＡ法第３天能检出阳性８／１０，第５天即全能检出，而且全能检出时间...     

抗赭曲霉毒素A酶标抗体的研制与应用研究

采用过碘酸钠氧化法研制成功了兔抗赭曲霉毒素Ａ酶标抗体。通过进行ＥＬＩＳＡ直接试验，对含不同浓度的赭曲霉毒素Ａ纯品和含毒饲料浸提液作了检测。结果证明，用过碘酸钠氧化法制备酶标抗体，方法简便、省时；用ＥＬＩＳＡ直接法检测赭曲霉毒素Ａ，具有灵敏度高，特异性强等优点。     

提纯的马立克氏病肿瘤相关表面抗的在鸡体内的免疫应答

应用本瓜蛋白酶消化法，从马立克氏病病毒（ＭＤＶ）人工感染鸡的淋巴细胞瘤表面提取马立克氏病相关肿瘤表面抗原（ＭＡＴＳＡ）。所获得的抗原与从肿瘤细胞表面洗脱的抗ＭＡＴＳＡ抗体在ＥＬＩＳＡ中呈阳性反应。将这种抗原与白油佐剂乳化，给２０日龄鸡肌注免疫３次，应用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ对被免疫鸡的ＭＡＴＳＡ抗体进行了监测。结果表明，免疫前正常鸡的血清中无ＭＡＴＳＡ抗体存在，而用这种抗原免疫后１０天即可形成抗体应答，Ｅ     

鸡白痢菌脂多糖的免疫学研究

用酯酶染色法、ＥＬＩＳＡ法，被动保护试验等手段与方法，监测了ＡＮＡＥ阳性Ｔ淋巴细胞抗ＬＰＳ抗体产生的情况及其保护性。试验说明在ＡＰＳ免疫后７ｄＴ淋巴细胞明显增多；于１４－２１ｄ后抗ＬＰＳ抗体逐渐产生；抗ＬＰＳ抗体有较好的保护性，ＬＰＳ是主要的保护性抗原，ＬＰＳ可激活细胞免疫和体液免疫。     

氯霉素免疫原的合成与鉴定

分别采用混合酸酐法和重氮化法合成氯霉素（ＣＡＰ）免疫原。混合酸酐法：将ＣＡＰ与琥珀酸酐反应生成氯霉素琥珀酸酯（ＣＡＰ－ＨＳ）,接着进行混合酸酐反应,将ＣＡＰ－ＨＳ与牛血清白蛋白（ＢＳＡ）相连,得ＣＡＰ－ＨＳ－ＢＳＡ复合物。重氮化法：将ＣＡＰ分子中的芳香硝基还原为芳香氨基,重氮化处理后,与ＢＳＡ连接。通过红外光谱和动物免疫试验鉴定合成的免疫原,结果表明ＣＡＰ－ＨＳ－ＢＳＡ合成成功。     

应用间接酶联免疫吸附试验检测鸡传染性法氏囊病病毒

用制备的抗鸡ＩｇＧＭｃＡｂ－ＨＲＰ作为免疫试剂，以ＩＢＤＶ的高免阳性鸡血清作为抗体，用间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测经ＩＢＤＶ强毒攻击的各脏器含毒情况，同时与ＡＧＰ法进行比较。结果表明两种方法具有良好的平行关系，间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法比ＡＧＰ法更为敏感；攻毒鸡的法氏囊带毒最多，而在脾、胸腺、肾中均未检出病毒抗原。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。