二元杂交猪与二花脸猪初乳中几种生化组分的比较

于母猪分娩后2 h 内采集乳样, 分析和比较了30 头二花脸母猪和12 头二元杂交母猪 (♀二花脸×大约克) 初乳pH值、乳脂、乳糖、总乳蛋白和胰岛素样生长因子 (IGF-I) 的含量, 以及初乳中蛋白主要组分的差异, 同时对二元杂交猪和二花脸猪的窝重和产活仔数进行了比较。结果显示, 二元杂交猪初乳乳糖和IGF-I显著高于二花脸猪(P< 0.05), 而乳脂显著低于二花脸猪(P< 0.05 )。总乳蛋白和乳pH值差别不显著。二元杂交猪初乳蛋白中免疫球蛋白重链(IgH) 显著高于二花脸猪(P< 0.05), 而乳铁蛋白 (Lf) 极显著低于二花脸猪(P< 0.01), 其余变化不显著。二元杂交母猪保持了二花脸猪的高产仔率, 并且窝重显著高于二花脸猪(P< 0.05)。     

影响母猪生产力性状的因素分析

对二花脸猪、大白猪及其杂交一代3个群体共计1 686窝生产力性状资料进行了最小二乘方差分析.结果表明,交配类型、胎次、分娩年份、分娩季节、分娩年份×分娩季节和产活仔数极显著影响初生窝重、初生仔猪平均重、20日龄窝重、20日龄仔猪平均重、45日龄窝重和45日龄仔猪平均重.母猪生产力性状各固定效应都具有极显著(P<0.0001)的最小二乘均值.与大白猪相比,二花脸猪抚育能力较强,生长速度较慢.夏季分娩的母猪具有最高的初生窝重和初生仔猪平均重;春季和冬季分娩的母猪具有最高的20日龄窝重和20日龄仔猪平均重;冬季分娩的母猪具有最高的45日龄窝重和45日龄仔猪平均重.窝重性状最小二乘均值随产活仔数增加而明显增加,仔猪平均重性状最小二乘均值随产活仔数增加而明显下降.     

二花脸猪乳中乳糖和乳蛋白的动态变化及其与大约克猪的比较

通过两系列实验,分析了二花脸猪乳中乳糖和乳蛋白在泌乳早期阶段(1～21 d)的含量及其变化规律,并与大约克猪乳进行了比较.同时比较了二花脸和大约克猪乳在泌乳第1 d和第6～7 d的乳脂含量.结果表明,二花脸猪和大约克猪乳糖在初乳中很低,但随着泌乳天数增加其含量逐渐增加.二花脸猪乳中乳糖含量在整个泌乳早期阶段(1～21 d)低于大约克猪,其中在泌乳第1 d、第6～7 d和第8～10 d显著低于大约克猪(p＜0.05 或p＜0.01).二花脸猪和大约克猪乳蛋白在泌乳第1 d浓度最高,分娩1周内迅速下降 ,泌乳1周以后变化幅度不大,而且两品种猪差异不显著(p＞0.05).猪乳中乳蛋白与乳糖呈负相关,二花脸猪相关系数r=-0.703(p＜0.01),大约克猪相关系数r=-0.577 (p＜0.01).二花脸猪乳中乳脂含量在泌乳第1 d和第6～7 d显著高于大约克猪(p＜0.05).     

断奶至配种间隔和妊娠期对母猪繁殖性能的影响

通过整理四川省南充市种畜场850窝长白母猪、470窝约克夏母猪的繁殖记录,研究了断奶至配种间隔、妊娠期对长白和约克夏母猪繁殖性能的影响.结果表明:约克夏母猪和长白母猪的繁殖性能与断奶至配种间隔间存在基本相似的规律性,即母猪断奶至配种间隔6 d(约克夏)或7 d(长白)以内,母猪的窝产仔数、窝产活仔数和初生窝重等繁殖性状指标较高,到第8天降到最低点,约11 d以后母猪的窝产仔数、窝产活仔数和初生重等繁殖指标又开始提高.分娩母猪大多集中在妊娠期113～115 d和116～118 d,呈明显的正态分布.随妊娠期延长,约克夏母猪和长白母猪的窝产仔数、窝产活仔数、窝异常产仔数和初生窝重均出现减少的趋势,但大约克母猪差异并不显著,长白母猪差异显著(P<0.05).妊娠期与约克夏母猪和长白母猪的窝产仔数和初生窝重等均呈较强的负相关.     

二花脸猪乳中乳糖和乳蛋白的动态变化及其与大约克猪的 …

通过两系列实验,分析了二花脸猪乳中乳糖和乳蛋白在泌乳早期阶段（１～２１ｄ）的含量及其变化规律,并与大约克猪乳进行了比较。同时比较了二花脸和大约克猪乳在泌乳第１ｄ和６～７ｄ的乳脂含量。结果表明,二花脸猪和大约克猪乳糖在初乳中很低,但随着泌乳天数增加其含量逐渐增加。二花脸猪乳中乳糖含量在整个泌乳早期阶段（１～２１ｄ）低于大约克猪,其中在泌乳第１ｄ、第６～７ｄ和第８～１０ｄ显著低于大约克猪（Ｐ〈０．０５     

饲喂大豆异黄酮对母猪繁殖性能及哺乳仔猪生长的影响

66头大约克夏母猪和52头二花脸母猪分别按预产期不同间隔地分成试验组和对照组。在试验组大约克夏和二花脸母猪妊娠85d至产后7d间,于基础日粮中分别添加大豆异黄酮8mg/kg和5mg/kg。结果表明,仔猪初生个体重和窝重,同一猪种内试验组与对照组无显著差异(P>0 05),但试验组有增高的趋势;20日龄大约克夏仔猪个体重和窝重,试验组比对照组分别高1 38kg和14 30kg,差异均达极显著水平(P<0 01);20日龄二花脸仔猪个体重和窝重,试验组与对照组差异均不显著(P>0 05)。大约克夏仔猪断奶时(28日龄)个体重和窝重,试验组分别比对照组增加1 21kg和12 23kg,差异均达显著水平(P<0 05);二花脸仔猪断奶时(45日龄)个体重和窝重,试验组比对照组分别增加0 51kg和6 01kg,差异均达显著水平(P<0 05)。同时,大豆异黄酮对大约克夏和二花脸母猪下一胎次的繁殖性能均无不良影响。     

三个猪品种为父本对大约克母猪繁殖性能的影响

选择长白猪、杜洛克猪和可乐猪3个猪品种为父本,以大约克猪纯繁（大约克×大约克）和杜洛克猪纯繁（杜洛克×杜洛克）组为对照,研究大约克母猪繁殖性能的变化。结果表明：可乐猪为父本时,大约克母猪的妊娠期缩短了2d,仔猪的有效乳头数略有下降,但产活仔数（11．0±1．41）头／窝、断奶仔猪数（9．7±1．45）头／窝、断奶育成率（94．41±2．826）％均为最高（P〈0．05）,死胎数（O．3±0．25）头／窝和死胎率（3．25±3．250）％显著低于其他试验组（P〈0．05）,总产仔数最高（11．3±1．81）头／窝,说明有良好适应性的可乐猪为父本可明显提高后代的成活率;从窝重上采看,可×大杂交组的初生窝重（14．850±2．4432）ks／窝、20日龄窝重（45．700±12．3641）ks／窝、断奶窝重（67．500±9．5657）kg／窝均高于其他试验组。相关性分析显示,死胎数影响仔猪的初生窝重、20日龄窝重及断奶窝重。这些结果说明以可乐猪为父本,可明显改善大约克猪的繁殖力,值得在毕节地区推广应用。     

妊娠期长短对大约克母猪繁殖性能的影响

对江西省某种猪场 2 0 0 0年 814窝大约克母猪随机抽取 2 0 0窝 ,应用了DPS数据处理系统软件 ,按妊娠期≤ 112d、113～ 115d、116～ 118d、≥ 119d分析大约克母猪的总产仔数、活产仔数、初生个体重、初生窝重、断奶个体数和断奶窝重等性状。结果表明 :随着妊娠期的延长总产仔数、活产仔数逐渐减少 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;初生个体重、初生窝重、断奶个体数、断奶个体重、断奶窝重呈增长的趋势。经相关分析 ,妊娠期与总产仔数、活产仔数呈弱的负相关 ,与初生窝重、断奶窝重、断奶个体数呈弱的正相关。     

复方中草药对母猪繁殖性能及子代发育的影响

为研究复方中草药对繁殖母猪生产性能及子代发育的影响,选出2~3胎次、体重、发情期相近的"长大"二元杂交母猪32头,随机分为对照组与实验组,每组16只。试验组母猪的饲料在配种前后各10d和分娩前后各20d添加复方中草药,记录母猪的产仔数、产活仔数、死胎数、木乃伊胎数以及仔猪初生窝重、周窝重,并计算仔猪平均日增重,每天观察仔猪腹泻情况,并计算腹泻率。结果表明,饲料中添加复方中草药能够显著提高窝产活仔数和活仔猪初生窝重(P0.05),能够极显著提高断奶前仔猪窝重(P0.01)。     

青贮苜蓿及不同添加水平的苜蓿草粉对初产母猪繁殖性能、初乳成分及其仔猪生长性能的影响

在初次妊娠母猪的日粮中分别添加10%青贮苜蓿或10%、15%、20%的苜蓿草粉,探讨了青贮苜蓿及不同添加水平的苜蓿草粉对初产母猪繁殖性能、初乳成分及其仔猪生长性能的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,各试验组母猪在妊娠期背膘厚度增加量和哺乳期背膘厚度损失量上均无显著差异;各苜蓿草粉组在初生仔猪总数、产活仔数、产活仔率、仔猪的断奶重等指标上均有所上升;15%、20%苜蓿草粉组母猪初乳的乳脂率显著升高(P<0.05);各试验组母猪初乳中的乳总固形物含量显著升高(P<0.05)。在不同处理中,以20%苜蓿草粉添加组的综合效果最为理想。     

Dietary arginine supplementation in multiparous sows during lactation improves the weight gain of suckling piglets

This study investigated the effects of dietary arginine(Arg)supplementation,just during lactation,on sow and litter performance,plasma concentrations of metabolites and hormones,and milk yield and composition in multiparous sows.Thirty-one sows were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments supplemented with 0.0(control,n=10),0.5%(n=10),or1.0%(n=11)L-Arg-HCl,respectively.Experimental diets were provided to the sows from d 3 to 21 of lactation.Plasma and milk samples were collected at d 14 and 21 of lactation.The average daily gain(ADG)of piglets from sows fed diets supplemented with 0.5 or 1.0%L-Arg-HCl at d 3 to 14 of lactation,were higher than that of controls(P0.05).Maternal supplementation with 1.0%L-Arg-HCl also increased ADG of piglets between d 3 and 21 of lactation than that of the controls(P0.05).There was no significant effect of supplementation on average daily feed intake(ADFI),body weight loss,and backfat thickness loss of lactating sows.Supplementation with 0.5 or 1.0%L-Arg-HCl had a trend towards increasing milk yields and milk fat contents(0.05P0.10);milk protein and lactose were unchanged.Supplementation with 1.0%L-ArgHCl increased plasma concentrations of prolactin and insulin in sows at d 14 and 21 of lactation,and plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid(NEFA),insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1),and nitric oxide(NO)in sows at d 21 of lactation,when compared to the controls(P0.05).Supplementation with 1.0%L-Arg-HCl increased IGF-1 and spermine in milk at d 14 of lactation,relative to the controls(P0.05).Plasma Arg concentrations at d 14 and 21 of lactation,as well as plasma NO level and milk IGF-1 at d 21 of lactation,were increased,while plasma urea nitrogen(PUN)concentration at d 14 and21 of lactation was decreased,by supplementation with 0.5 or 1.0%L-Arg-HCl when compared to the controls(P0.05).Collectively,dietary supplementation of multiparous sows with Arg,just during lactation,is beneficial for enhancing litter weight gain but the complete mechanism remains to be determined and may involve in the maternal endocrine changes and milk polyamines contents.     

不同水平苜蓿草粉对哺乳母猪及其仔猪生产性能及血清指标的影响

选用48头配种日龄相近、繁殖性能无显著差异的大约克经产母猪,按胎次、体况等随机分为6个处理,每处理8头。哺乳母猪自由采食,自由饮水。研究哺乳母猪饲粮中分别添加0,40,60,80,100和120g/kg苜蓿草粉对母猪及其仔猪生产性能、血清指标及乳成分的影响。结果表明:(1)添加苜蓿草粉对母猪断奶至发情时间间隔影响不显著(P>0.05),但显著提高了断奶仔猪数和哺乳期仔猪成活率(P<0.05);对母猪泌乳期采食量、仔猪断奶窝重、窝增重、断奶平均个体重、平均个体日增重有极显著影响(P<0.01)。(2)添加苜蓿草粉降低了母猪血清胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量,提高了母猪血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量和母猪、仔猪血清胰岛素含量,但组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。(3)添加苜蓿草粉对乳中胰岛素样生长因子有一定提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。研究认为,添加苜蓿草粉对哺乳母猪及其仔猪生产性能有一定改善,且100g/kg添加水平表现突出,因此在妊娠后期和哺乳期母猪饲粮中苜蓿草粉添加量以100g/kg为宜。     

影响母猪断奶至配种间隔的遗传参数估计

【目的】分析影响母猪断奶至配种间隔的因素,并估计母猪断奶至配种间隔的遗传参数,为猪场育种规划提供理论参考。【方法】本研究材料为2011—2016年间采集的华南地区2个场区(A场和B场)大白母猪和长白母猪的繁殖记录。采用Duncan’s法对影响母猪断奶至配种间隔的因素进行显著性分析,并使用DMU软件的AI-REML结合EM算法进行遗传参数估计。【结果】分娩胎次和断奶年份对母猪断奶至配种间隔影响均极显著(P0.01);断奶季节对A、B 2个场区长白母猪及B场大白母猪的断奶至配种间隔影响均极显著(P0.01),而对A场大白母猪的断奶至配种间隔影响不显著(P0.05);带仔数对A、B 2个场区的母猪断奶至配种间隔影响均不显著(P0.05)。A场大白和长白母猪的断奶至配种间隔遗传力分别为0.02和0.04,B场大白和长白母猪断奶至配种间隔的遗传力均为0.06。【结论】华南地区母猪断奶至配种间隔为低遗传力性状,受分娩胎次与断奶季节的影响显著。在实际生产中应缩短母猪初产后断奶至配种间隔,并尽可能使母猪在冷季断奶。     

Analysis of Stillbirth in Different Types of Sows

Statistical analysis was conducted on sow stillbirth traits of three mating types with 1686 litters including Erhualian, Large White and F1. The number of stillborn piglets per litter (NSB) in Erhualian,Large White and Fl averaged 0.87, 0.32, 0.72, and the percentage born alive (PBA) averaged 95.1%,97.1%, 95.7%, respectively. The Erhualian pig with a higher litter size also had a higher stillbirth rate. The results of the variance analysis indicated that the mating type, parity, farrowing year × farrowing season interaction and the total number born had highly significant effects on both NSB and PBA in sows (P ＜ 0.001).Farrowing season had highly significant effects on NSB (P ＜ 0.01), and significant effects on PBA (P ＜0.05). Farrowing year had no significant effects on NSB ( P ＞ 0.05), and highly significant effects on PBA (P＜0.01). From parity 1 to parity 10, the least square means for NSB progressively increased with increasing parity, the least square means for PBA progressively decreased with increasing parity. The sows farrowed in winter had the highest NSB and the lowest PBA, the sows farrowed in autumn had the lowest NSB and the highest PBA. The least square means for NSB markedly increased with an increase in the total number born,indicating that the positive phenotypic correlation existed between them. The least square means for PBA markedly decreased with an increase in the total number born, indicating that the negative phenotypic correlation existed between them. The estimating results of the paternal half sib indicated that the heritabilities for NSB and PBA were 0.111 and 0.123, the genetic correlation, phenotypic correlation and environmental correlation between them were - 0.985, - 0.947 and - 0.942, respectively.     

大约克猪初乳生化组成的动态变化

对9头大约克母猪分娩28d内乳汁的常规营养成分含量和乳蛋白组分的动态变化进行了研究,结果表明,大约克猪乳汁的组成在分娩3d内明显不同于常乳,其中乳蛋白含量在分娩1d内显著高于以后数天;乳糖和乳脂含量在分娩当天最低,以后数天呈波动性变化。酪蛋白比例在初乳和常乳蛋白中均占明显的优势,免疫球蛋白的比例随泌乳天数的增加呈逐渐下降的趋势,而α-乳清蛋白和高分子量蛋白的比例在分娩1d内显著低于分娩28d的。     

母猪若干繁殖性状的相关分析

对４６５头母猪、１０６４胎次的繁殖性状进行了统计分析．结果表明，４—１０胎次的母猪繁殖性能明显优于其他胎次（Ｐ＜０．０５）．夏季高温季节对母猪繁殖性能的影响，表现为产仔数的减少（Ｐ＜０．０５）和仔猪的初生重降低（Ｐ＜０．０５）．母猪的乳头数与其产仔数、产活仔数、断奶头数、断奶窝重和仔猪乳头数均呈显著正相关．仔猪乳头数不受母猪胎次的制约。     

泌乳二花脸猪和大白猪下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴功能的比较研究

泌乳期母猪的生殖机能一般处于抑制状态。但生产实践已观察到二花脸猪与大白猪的差异,前者相当部分在泌乳期可看到发情现象。因此,比较两种猪在特殊生理状态下的生殖神经内分泌变化,显然有助于其机理的揭示。1　材料与方法1.1　试验动物经产纯种二花脸母猪5头,平均产仔为14头;经产纯种大白猪4头,平均产仔9头,早晚各饲喂1次混合精料,其组成为:玉米16%,次粉30%,米糠40%,豆饼10%,石粉2%,骨粉1%,食盐1.5%,单圈饲养。1.2　方法1.2.1　试验设计　母猪产后15d安装颈静脉血管瘘管,术后第5天早晨8∶00开始采样,每间隔15min取1次,持续6h。血浆样品于-2…     

日粮粗纤维水平对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响

为研究日粮粗纤维水平对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响。试验选用30头配种时间及体况均相近的二产PIC配套系母猪,按要求随机分成5组,妊娠期间分别饲喂含3%、5%、7%、9%和11%的粗纤维日粮,通过调节各组的饲喂量,使其所摄入的能量、蛋白、钙、磷等基本一致。结果表明,1）妊娠期间9%粗纤维组母猪背膘厚度的增加显著高于3%、5%、7%和11%粗纤维组（P〈0.05）,平均增重远大于11%粗纤维组（P〈0.01）,与3%、5%和7%粗纤维组差异显著（P〈0.05）;2）哺乳期9%粗纤维组母猪背膘厚度的损失低于其他各组（P〈0.05）,分别减少了1.50、0.66、0.83和0.83 mm,平均失重分别减少了5.77、2.60、0.87和0.68 kg;3）9%粗纤维组平均每窝产仔数提高极显著（P〈0.01）,比3%、5%、7%和11%粗纤维组分别提高了2.33、1.00、0.83和1.33头,第28 d断奶窝均重与其他各组差异极显著（P〈0.01）,分别高出12.16、8.63、7.91和5.68 kg。结果表明,提高妊娠母猪日粮粗纤维水平能够保持母猪体况,提高繁殖性能,当粗纤维含量达到9%时,效果最显著。     

Erythropoietin Receptor Gene （EPOR） Polymorphisms are Associated with Sow Litter Sizes

The erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) has shown to play an important role in fetal survival by promoting the maturation of red blood cells in many studies of uterine capacity and litter size in swine. In this study, we screened the porcine EPOR gene for mutations and identified five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): g.705G＞T in intron 1, g.2 373C＞T in intron 4, and g.2 882C＞T, g.3 035A＞G, and g.3 132A＞T in intron 6. We then genotyped 247 Beijing Black (BB) sows and compared the polymorphism data with the litter sizes of 1 375 parities among the sows. At first parity, there was no association of g.2 882C＞T and g.3 132A＞T with litter sizes. However, the CT sows in g.2 882C＞T had 2.13 higher total number born (TNB) (P＜0.01) and 1.81 higher number bom alive (NBA) (P＜0.01) than the CC sows and the heterozygous sows in g.3 132A＞Thad the highest litter size when compared to the two homozygotes for the later parities (P＜0.05). In the g.3 035A＞G SNP,for the later parities, the TNB of the sows with the GG genotype was 3.81 higher (P＜0.01) and the NBA was 2.75 higher(P＜0.01) than that with the AA genotype but no difference at first parity. The G allele of the EPOR g.705G＞T SNP wasassociated with a greater litter size at both the first parity (P＜0.05) and later parities (P＜0.01). Furthermore, we determined the allele frequencies for this SNP among five Chinese indigenous pig breeds (Erhualian, Laiwu Black, Meishan, Min, and Rongchang) and three western commercial pig breeds (Duroc, Landrace, and Large White). The G allele of the EPOR g.705G＞T SNP was significantly more common in the more prolific Chinese breeds. These results indicated that the EPOR could be an important candidate gene for litter size and g.705G＞T can serve as a useful genetic marker for improving litter size in both first and later parities in swine.