犬髋关节发育异常的诊断进展

犬髋关节发育异常是最常见的矫形外科疾病 ,遗传力在 0 2～ 0 6之间。过去诊断主要靠临床经验和触诊 ,但准确率不高。本文主要介绍了主观髋关节打分法、Norberg角、股骨头被覆率、分离指数法、髋臼背缘等X—线摄像诊断方法 ,为本病快速准确诊断及种犬的选择提供了理论依据。     

犬髋关节发育异常的诊断

一、临床症状 犬髓关节发育异常的临床症状变化范围很大．从非常轻微的不适到严重的跛行。主要表现为：1．喜卧、不愿运动,特别不愿上下楼梯：2．躺下后起立费劲：3奔跑时呈现三脚跳;4．走路时臀部扭动剧烈：5．髋关节他动运动检查时疼痛：6触诊髋关节时异常敏感。     

犬髋关节发育异常及其抗病遗传的研究

犬髋关节发育异常是犬常见的遗传性进行性疾病,体型较大的犬种易发此病。犬髋关节发育异常具有独特的诊断指标和诊断方法。传统的治疗方法只能治标不治本,所以研究该病的抗病遗传特性,进一步实施抗病育种工作,才能从根本上消灭该遗传病。研究髋关节发育异常在某一犬种中的遗传力和遗传模式有助于饲养者选择成熟有效的选育模式,从而将发病率降到最低。研究犬髋关节发育异常的遗传学机制可以作为人类髋关节发育异常和髋关节炎的模型。     

犬髋关节发育异常的手术治疗进展

犬髋关节发育异常（Canine hip dysplasia,CHD）是遗传和环境应激因素所致的复合性疾病,也是最常发生的矫形外科疾病,其主要特征是髋臼变浅,股骨头变形,髋关节不同程度的松弛、半脱位或全脱位,最终发展为严重的退行性关节炎。通过触诊、临床症状及骨盆X-线摄片技术可进行诊断。犬髋关节发育异常的治疗包括保守的药物治疗及手术治疗。     

犬髋关节发育异常的诊疗

犬髋关节发育异常(CHD)是最常见的矫形外科疾病,几乎所有品种的犬都可能发生,特别是大型犬。据动物矫形外科基金会(OFA)估计其发病率为1.8%～48.1%。该病于20世纪30年代首次被报道,当时认为该病很少发生,命名为“双侧髋关节先天性不全脱位”。70年代Henricson把此病定义为幼年期髋关节不同程度的松弛、脱位、髋臼和股骨头不同程度变浅、变平、最后不可避免的导致骨关节炎。现在认为此病是在犬发育过程中,肌肉与骨骼的不同程度发育成熟,致使主要以肌肉组织固定的关节(如髋关节)不能保持稳定,使髋关节松弛,最终导致髋关节发育异常。1病因犬…     

中外狼犬髋关节发育异常的初步研究

犬髋关节发育异常(CHD)是以髋臼变浅，髋关节不完全脱臼，跛行，疼痛和肌萎缩为主要特征的一种疾病，其病因及发病机理至今尚不清楚。有人认为，CHD是一种生物力学疾病，由骨盆主要肌群与骨骼生长速度不一致所导致。也有人认为是耻骨肌痉挛或缩短导致股骨头对髋臼缘一个向上的力，致使髋臼缘向上歪斜而产生发育异常。但已证明，犬     

手术治疗犬髋关节脱位

髋关节脱位为犬最常见的关节脱位,多因骨盆部受到间接暴力所引起。也常继发于犬髋关节发育不良。由髋关节发育不良引起的髋关节脱位,采用保守疗法时很难持久见效,临床上多采用手术疗法。本文作者曾用股骨头切除术治疗本病。报告如下。１病例情况及临诊检查房山区良乡某...     

犬髋关节脱位的闭合整复

犬髋关节脱位是指股骨头从髋臼里脱出。表现为患肢不能完全负重，活动范围改变，在关节部位有捻发音，一些病例会表现为患肢缩短。对该病治疗的目的是为了在尽可能对关节面损伤小的情况下整复脱位，并充分固定关节，使软组织愈合，并希望肢体的正常临床功能能够恢复。其中多数病例可通过闭合整复。现将作者闭合整复髋关节脱位的一些体会总结如下。     

Stratification,Blinding and Placebo Effect in a Randomized,Double Blind Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial of Gold Bead Implantation in Dogs with Hip Dysplasia

The purpose of this study was to investigate the need for and choice of stratification factors, and the effects of blinding and placebo in a clinical experiment. Eighty dogs with canine hip dysplasia (CHD) were included in a randomized, placebo-controlled and double blind clinical trial with stratified parallel group design, in which body weight and degree of CHD were used as stratification factors. Thirty-eight dogs were allocated to gold bead implantation and 42 to placebo. After six months, 33 of the 42 placebo-treated dogs received gold bead implantation in an open study lasting a further 18 months. The main outcome variable in the study was change in pain signs of CHD as assessed by the owner. No significant difference in the main outcome variable, regardless of the treatment given, could be detected in the two chosen stratification factors. The only factor to influence the main outcome variable significantly was age. The blinding procedure used in the study, in which 60% of the owners correctly guessed the treatment given, was found sufficient. Of those who guessed the treatment erroneously, 88% believed the treatment given was gold bead implantation. The treatment efficacy after six months in the blinded treatment group was found to be significantly larger compared to the efficacy obtained in the open study. A significant placebo effect was therefore detected. Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: The age of the dogs influenced the outcome of the CHD treatment, and is recommended as a stratification factor. A significant placebo effect has to be expected and an optimal blinding procedure is necessary in similar clinical studies.     

犬脓皮病诊疗研究进展

犬脓皮病是犬最常见的皮肤病,不仅影响犬的外观,而且致犬瘙痒及疼痛,显著增加犬饲主患脓皮病几率,严重危害动物及人类健康。临床上可根据脓皮病患犬病史调查、临床检查、皮肤细胞学分析、病原分离鉴定、皮肤组织病理学诊断等进行确诊。通过局部用药结合全身疗法,科学合理选用抗生素,加强饲养管理等措施综合防制犬脓皮病。     

Research Progress on Diagnosis and Treatment of Canine Pyoderma

Canine pyoderma is the most common skin disease in dogs, which not only affects the appearance of the dog, but also leads to itching or pain, and even increases the risk of dog owners suffering from pyoderma.Canine pyoderma is harmful to health of animals and human beings.Canine pyoderma could be diagnosed according to illness history survey, clinical symptoms, clinical cytology, isolation and identification of pathogens and histopathological examination.In order to curing canine pyoderma effectively, systemic therapy combined with topical administration, scientific and rational use of antibiotics, and improvement of canine feeding management should be carried.     

犬猫皮肤癣菌病诊疗研究进展

犬猫皮肤癣菌病是小动物临床一种常见的皮肤病,该病不仅影响犬猫的外观,且可导致犬猫的瘙痒,严重时可引起疼痛,并显著增加畜主感染皮肤癣菌的几率,严重危害着动物及人类的健康。由于犬猫皮肤癣菌病本身的鉴别难度大、治疗周期长、复发率高及相关地域和环境因素的影响,导致近年来该病普遍流行并给临床诊疗工作带来极大困难。临床上可根据病史调查、临床检查、病原分离鉴定、皮肤病理组织活检等对该病进行诊断,并通过局部用药结合全身治疗,科学合理选用抗真菌药物,加强饲养管理等措施综合防制犬猫皮肤癣菌病。     

Research Progress on Diagnosis and Treatment of Canine and Feline Dermatophytosis

Canine and feline dermatomycosis is the common skin disease in small animal,which not only affects the appearance of the canine and feline, but also leads to itching or pain, and even increases the risk of dog and cat owners suffering from dermatomycosis. Dermatomycosis is harmful to health of animals and human beings. The dermatomycosis is difficult to identify, has long treatment cycle and high recurrence, and affected by regional or/and environmental factors, lead to its prevalent and brought great difficulties to the clinical diagnosis and treatment. Canine and feline dermatomycosis could be diagnosed according to illness history survey, clinical symptoms, isolation and identification of pathogens and histopathological examination. In order to curing canine and feline dermatomycosis effectively, systemic therapy combined with topical administration, scientific and rational use of antibiotics, and improvement of animal feeding management should be carried.     

犬瘙痒性皮肤病研究进展

瘙痒是犬皮肤病的典型临床症状之一,通常除瘙痒外还常伴脱毛、红斑等皮肤症状。瘙痒问题不仅困扰动物本身,也影响到饲养者的生活质量。瘙痒的发生机制复杂,目前国内外已有大量对人和犬瘙痒性皮肤病的临床和基础研究,揭示了瘙痒和神经免疫系统之间的关系,引入了“瘙痒-抓挠”循环的概念,且表明了免疫系统、皮肤屏障和神经系统的单独促进作用和交互作用是瘙痒产生的关键因素,任一环节的问题都可开启“瘙痒-抓挠”的恶性循环。临床上引起犬瘙痒的病因复杂,参照2007年由国际瘙痒研究论坛成员提出的瘙痒分类,将引起犬瘙痒的疾病根据病因类比对应分为了六大类,引起皮肤病性瘙痒的疾病分为了感染性、过敏性、肿瘤性等,其中在临床上最主要的是犬过敏性瘙痒。犬瘙痒性皮肤病的诊断方法及鉴别诊断多样,需从多方面对患病犬进行信息收集,按一定顺序进行排查和鉴别诊断。犬瘙痒性皮肤病的治疗周期长且疾病易反复,目前常用的西医药物存在副作用大、靶点单一、价格昂贵等不足,中药方剂成分复杂,有效成分多,可从多通路多途径治疗机制复杂的瘙痒,在犬瘙痒性皮肤病的治疗上具有优势和广阔前景。文章对瘙痒发生的机制、犬瘙痒性疾病的分类、诊断及中西医治疗思路等最新研究...     

溶瘤病毒在犬肿瘤治疗中的研究进展

溶瘤病毒疗法是利用病毒治疗恶性肿瘤的一种较有前景的新型生物疗法。溶瘤病毒不仅能直接特异性感染和溶解肿瘤细胞,也能刺激肿瘤部位的免疫反应来间接地溶解肿瘤组织细胞,且对正常组织细胞无杀伤或仅有较弱的杀伤作用,从而能达到理想的抗肿瘤效果。文章综述了溶瘤病毒的发展史及溶瘤病毒介导肿瘤消融术的机制,分析麻疹病毒、犬瘟热病毒、新城疫病毒、仙台病毒等8种病毒作为抗肿瘤药物在体外试验、异种移植肿瘤动物模型试验、肿瘤患犬治疗试验等不同阶段对各种犬肿瘤细胞的杀伤效果,提示溶瘤病毒疗法可能是一种安全可靠的恶性肿瘤治疗新方法,但真正将溶瘤病毒疗法应用在犬肿瘤临床治疗中时病毒肿瘤特异性、病毒使用剂量等问题仍需解决,本综述可为溶瘤病毒在犬肿瘤临床治疗中的安全使用提供新的思路和技术途径。     

犬乳腺肿瘤治疗的研究进展

乳腺肿瘤是犬常见的肿瘤类型,研究犬乳腺肿瘤的治疗可以对人类乳腺肿瘤的治疗提供参考.归纳了近年来国内外乳腺肿瘤的治疗方法及进展,提出了犬的乳腺肿瘤的治疗建议,为犬的乳腺肿瘤的治疗提供了理论参考和依据.