贵州足球场草坪建植及优化管理模型研究

在一定的生境和管理条件下,以修剪高度、修剪次数和施Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ量为因素,利用二次正交回归设计,用模糊综合评分法评定草坪质量,最佳３因子水平为：修剪高度５－７．４ｃｍ,修剪次数４－６次／月,施Ｎ量为２．５－３．７ｇ（ｍ＾２．年）,施Ｐ、Ｋ量各为１．２５－１．８５ｇ／（ｍ＾２．年）,建立了草坪质量与养护３因子间的显相关回归模型。     

不同磷肥用量对高羊茅生长及养分吸收的影响

在武汉地区研究了不同磷肥用量对冷季型草坪草高羊茅Festuca arundinaces生长状况、草屑积累量、氮(N)磷(P)钾(K)养分含量及积累量的影响.结果表明:在施用N、K肥(N 15g/m2,K2O 12g/m2)基础上,P肥能明显促进草坪草分蘖并提高成坪后叶绿素含量,施P(P2O5)2.5～20.0g/m2处理的分蘖数是不施P对照的2.81～4.32倍,叶片SPAD值比对照高15.8～18.2.草屑积累量和高羊茅总干物量随P肥用量的增加而增加;施P 10.0g/m2范围内,地下部干物质量也随施P增加而增加,继续提高P用量有下降的趋势.高羊茅舍N量因施P而明显下降,地上部P、K含量随P肥用量增加而显著提高,而地下部P、K含量各处理差异不显著.P肥用量10.0g/m2时高羊茅N积累量达到最高值(7.51g/m2),是对熙的2.71倍;随着P用量的增加P、K养分积累量持续上升,且P积累量与P用量呈显著正相关.综合考虑草坪生长质量及肥料利用效率,认为在试验地力条件下新植高羊茅的P肥(P2O5)用量以5～10g/m2范围为宜.     

运动场草坪种植技术与管理对坪用质量影响的研究

在本试验的生境和管理条件下，以修剪高度，播种量，修剪次数和施Ｎ量为因素，利用４因素饱和Ｄ－最优设计，用模糊数学综合评判定草坪质量，最佳４因素水平为：修剪高度４．５ｃｍ，播种量１５ｇ／ｍ＾２，修剪次数５次／月，施Ｎ量６．７８ｇ／ｍ＾２。还建立了草坪质量与建坪４因素著相关的回归模型。     

灰色关联度分析法对不同处理下草坪质量的综合评判

应用灰色系统理论对不同施氮量和施肥次数处理下的草坪质量进行了分析与评判.结果表明:施用氮肥是提高草坪质量的重要措施,在35 g/m2施量水平下,草坪质量与施肥量呈正相关(R2＞0.9100);施肥次数对其影响不显著.建议在实践中施肥量以25 g/m2为宜.     

氮肥对冷季型混播草坪返青期生长特性的影响

对不同施氮量和施氮频率下冷季型混播草坪返青期生长特性的研究表明:施氮对草坪质地无显著影响,在施氮20 g/m2.a、施氮频率为2次的处理下,草坪的高度和密度最大;单位面积草坪地上植物积累量以施氮肥25 g/m2.a的处理最高,而施氮频率对其无显著影响;施氮量在0~25 g/m2.a时,草坪草地上植物积累量与施氮量呈显著正相关;高施氮量有利于草坪草春季的返青,返青最早的施氮处理为25 g/m2.a。     

水肥耦合对延长冷地型草坪绿期的效应研究

在兰州通过田间试验对不同水肥处理下,冷地型草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)、多年生黑麦草(Lolium prenne)和紫羊茅(Festuca rubra)混播草坪枯黄期和返青期盖度进行观测,测定各处理下草坪绿期,并对草坪外观品质进行综合评价比较。结果显示灌水和施肥之间的耦合,以水分每周灌水20 mm处理与施N肥25 g/(m2.a)和12.5 g/(m2.a)+P2O57.5 g/(m2.a)的配合,耦合效应著显,对推迟草坪枯黄和提前返青的效果都很突出,可显著延长冷地型混播禾草草坪的绿期。每周灌水20 mm和施N肥25 g/(m2.a)耦合最佳,可推迟草坪枯黄22 d,提前返青15 d,使草坪绿期延长37 d。     

施肥对苜蓿+无芒雀麦混播草地氮、磷、钾含量的效应

探讨了科尔沁沙地草原2号杂花苜蓿+Carlton无芒雀麦混播草地基肥和追肥中N,P和K元素营养配比对混播草地头茬草N,P和K含量的效应。3年的试验结果表明:施K肥能提高无芒雀麦的含K量和苜蓿的含N量。高P或高K处理均使无芒雀麦的含N量下降。施N肥能提高无芒雀麦的含N量,而对苜蓿含N量影响不明显。高N处理(基肥30 g/m2,追肥45 g/m2尿素)降低了无芒雀麦和苜蓿的含K量,同时也降低了苜蓿的含P量。N,P和K营养配比为N 9.0-13.5 g/m2、P2O57.2-12.0 g/m2、K2O 12.0-18.0 g/m2时牧草N,P和K含量较高。随着草地使用年限增长,无芒雀麦的N素含量下降,苜蓿的K素含量增加。     

建坪与管理因素对运动场草坪密度影响的研究

以修剪高度、播种量、修剪频率和施Ｎ量为因素，利用四因素饱和Ｄ－最优设计，对运动草坪密度进行探讨，最佳四因素水平为，修剪高度４．５ｃｍ，播种量１５ｇ／ｍ＾２，修剪频率５次／月，施Ｎ量６．７８ｇ／ｍ＾２。并建立了草坪密度与建坪四因素显著相关的回归模型。     

不同处理对沟叶结缕草追播草坪春季返青演替的影响

研究结果表明,提高冬前追播的播种量、提前播种期、春季返青演替阶段降低追播草坪的修剪高度等,能显著加速追播草坪的春季返青演替,并显著提高返青演替阶段追播草坪的草坪质量。冬前播种量为30g/m2的处理返青演替速度和草坪质量显著快于和优于播种量为20g/m2的处理;播种期为11月5日的处理其返青演替速度和草坪质量显著快于和优于播种期为11月16日的处理;返青阶段修剪高度为2cm的处理其返青演替速度和草坪质量显著快于和优于修剪高度为3cm的处理。     

施尿素对无芒隐子草草坪生长特性的影响

对不同施尿素量(0,2,5,8 g/m²)下无芒隐子草草坪生长期内色泽、株高、叶宽、叶片相对含水量、植株全氮及绿色期的研究表明,施尿素可显著提高草坪植株和叶片的生长速率,提高植株全氮含量,降低叶片相对含水量的下降速度,改善草坪色泽,并且可显著延长草坪的绿期(P<0.05)。在尿素用量上,5和8 g/m²处理下的草坪质量显著高于0和2 g/m²,主要表现为草坪色泽生长季内都保持在6分左右,并至少使草坪绿期延长18 d。但与0 g/m²相比,8 g/m²处理增加草坪修剪次数6次,提高草坪管理成本1倍以上;而5 g/m²处理只增加草坪修剪次数2次,可减轻草坪管理强度,减少管理成本。因此,5 g/m²处理的效果最佳。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.