番茄秧苗模拟运贮中质量下降机理研究

采用信号物质含量变化和生理指标测定以及电子显微透射观察等方法进行番茄秧苗运贮试验,结果表明:运贮期间番茄秧苗信号物质含量以及某些生理因素指标发生明显而定向的变化,番茄叶片细胞叶绿体超微结构及叶绿体数量和体积均发生改变。这些变化表明番茄秧苗运贮期间的质量下降的实质是由于“断光”“断水”而引起的不同于“衰老”的整株型“胁迫性生理衰变”。这种衰变具有“急剧性”“胁迫性”和“可恢复性”的特征。     

番茄秧苗运贮中质量变化的生理因素分析

采用电子显微透射观察以及生理指标测定等方法进行番茄秧苗运贮试验,结果表明:运贮期间番茄叶片细胞叶绿体超微结构及叶绿体数量和体积均发生改变,各项生理指标发生明显而定向的变化。这些变化表明番茄秧苗运贮期间的质量下降实质是由于“断光”“断水”而引起的不同于“衰老”的整株型“胁迫性生理衰变”,这种“衰变”主要是由于环境条件(温度、光照、水分、养分)的急剧改变而引起的变化,与生理性衰老比较,只要环境条件恢复正常,植株“衰变”症状的恢复性较好。     

黄腐酸对番茄秧苗运贮过程中信号物质的影响

研究黄腐酸(FA)对番茄秧苗在模拟运贮期间的部分信号物质的变化。结果表明:在秧苗贮运期间,黄腐酸处理的秧苗钙调素(CaM)含量和NAD激酶活性高于在运贮期间没有进行黄腐酸处理的番茄秧苗,Ca2+-ATPase活性低于没有进行黄腐酸处理的番茄秧苗。黄腐酸处理可在一定程度上减轻与延缓秧苗运贮中的“胁迫性衰变”,在一定程度上起到保持运贮番茄秧苗质量的作用。     

黄腐酸对番茄秧苗运贮过程中内源激素的影响

研究黄腐酸(FA)对番茄秧苗在模拟运贮期间的内源激素的变化。试验结果表明:在秧苗贮运期间,黄腐酸处理的秧苗内源激素IAA、ZR和GA3含量都显著高于在运贮期间没有进行黄腐酸处理的番茄秧苗,ABA含量低于没有进行黄腐酸处理的番茄秧苗。黄腐酸处理可在一定程度上减轻与延缓秧苗运贮中的“胁迫性衰变”,在一定程度上起到保持运贮番茄秧苗质量的作用。     

运贮期间番茄秧苗光合生理指标及叶片超显微结构的变化

采用温室栽培试验与实验室分析相结合方法,对番茄秧苗在运贮期间光合指标及叶片超显微结构的变化进行研究,确定了番茄秧苗在运贮期间叶绿素含量、荧光效率、偶联因子活性及叶片细胞超微结构的变化情况。     

不同贮藏温度对番茄穴盘秧苗品质的影响

番茄秧苗置于12℃、8℃和5℃无光条件下进行贮藏,贮藏5,10,5d后测定秧苗的形态和生理指标以确定秧苗适宜贮藏温度和贮期。结果表明:在不同温度下,叶绿素含量和根系活力下降,差异显著;秧苗的鲜重、干重、G值和定植后成活率有不同程度下降;秧苗在8℃和12℃下可贮15d,5℃下可贮5d,秧苗适宜贮藏温度范围:8～12℃;贮藏15d后8℃下秧苗品质优于其他温度,可作为该番茄秧苗的最佳贮藏温度。     

酱用番茄卧式不封洞高产栽培技术

“卧式”即将番茄秧苗倾斜放在定植穴中，其优点是促进根系扩大，并利用土表温度较高的特点，促使秧苗迅速发根缓苗：“不封洞”即番茄定植时少覆土不封严洞穴，以防雨后死苗，提高秧苗的成活率。     

不同浓度多效唑对番茄穴盘育苗质量的影响

采用穴盘育苗的方法,研究了3种浓度(100、200、400 mg/L)多效唑处理对番茄幼苗质量及生理特性的影响.结果表明:番茄育苗过程中叶面喷施多效唑的浓度以100～200 mg/L为宜,该浓度多效唑能有效降低番茄秧苗株高,增加茎粗,促进幼苗干物质的积累;同时有效提高秧苗根冠比、根系活力和壮苗指数,有利于培育壮苗.叶面喷施400mg/L多效唑对番茄秧苗质量不利,过度抑制了秧苗的生长.     

不同底肥营养对番茄、青椒秧苗生长的影响

主要研究了育苗基质底肥营养对番茄、青椒秧苗生长的影响,探讨了番茄和青椒秧苗生长适宜的施肥方式和合理的施肥量,为穴盘无土育苗生产提供了技术指导。利用基质加不同量复合肥料及碳酸氢钙的处理在番茄和青椒秧苗上进行了田间肥效试验。在育苗基质底肥营养方面,施肥量为40 g复合肥料/10 L基质处理下番茄秧苗的各项指标均最好,而青椒秧苗的株高、茎粗、叶面积及鲜重值均是50 g复合肥料/10 L基质的处理最好,但40 g复合肥料/10 L基质处理的壮苗指数最高;在育苗基质底肥加碳酸氢钙营养方面,钙肥处理番茄和青椒壮苗指数均小于对照,但差异未达到显著水平。40 g复合肥料/10 L基质的处理适宜番茄和青椒秧苗的生长需求;基质底肥加碳酸氢钙处理对番茄和青椒秧苗生长无促进作用。     

基于模糊Borda法评价昼夜温差对番茄秧苗生长的影响

为研究北方地区设施番茄秋冬茬定植后秧苗期最适宜的昼夜生长温度条件，以大果型番茄合作906为试验材料，通过昼均温(26、29、32、35℃)、昼夜温差(0、3、6、9℃)2因素交叉试验，在人工气候箱开展9 d番茄秧苗不同昼夜温差生长试验，采集番茄秧苗株高生长速率、茎粗生长速率、根冠比、壮苗指数、光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用率、气孔导度、光能利用率9项指标作为数据研究对象，采用主成分分析法、信息量权重法、基于熵值法TOPSIS评价法、独立性权重法、CRITTIC权重法5种方法对生长、生理指标进行评价。其中，通过主成分分析法得到番茄秧苗期最适宜生长的昼夜温度组合为29℃/20℃,利用信息量权重法、基于熵值法TOPSIS评价法、独立性权重法、CRITTIC权重法得到的最适宜温度组合为35℃/26℃,进而通过模糊Borda法综合各单一评价法的序值和排名信息进行综合评价，得到昼温35℃,昼夜温差9℃时，番茄生长、生理综合评价最优，这一结论表明，番茄定植经过缓苗阶段后，适当进行白天高温胁迫，并增大昼夜温差可促进番茄植株生长。     

Studies on Tomato Seedling Quality Indices Under Simulated Shipping and Storage Conditions

Indices of the tomato seedling quality maintenance level after production before field planting were studied through simulated experiments, small--scale operation, indoor analyses and measurements, and field observation. The results showed that under simulated shipping and storage conditions, seedling quality change following different durations (days) of shipping and storage was correlated significantly or even very significantly with certain physiological and morphological indices. With various measured indices following different periods of shipping and storage treatment subjected to multinomial successive regressive correlation analysis, the principal factors influencing seedling quality maintenance level are identified to be chlorophyll content→dry short weight→ leaf freshness index in order of their importance. Significance analysis with multinomial fitted equation indicated that correlations between any one of above three factors and the growth index after field planting reached very significant difference level.     

机械伤害对库车小白杏贮藏品质的影响

以新疆库车小白杏为试验材料,通过模拟运输过程中的机械振动,研究机械振动中的振动频率、振动时间对库车小白杏贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:机械振动后库车小白杏的硬度、可滴定酸含量、维生素C含量、可溶性固形物含量降低,呼吸强度、褐变指数升高;振动频率越大、振动时间越长,贮藏品质变化越大。     

几种贮藏方式对新疆厚皮甜瓜采后生理及贮藏品质的影响

为研究贮藏方式对新疆厚皮甜瓜采后生理及贮藏品质的影响,以期得出比较理想的贮藏方式.该实验以新疆厚皮甜瓜"金凤凰"为试材,分别进行了冷藏、冷藏结合臭氧间隙处理、024%-6%、C020.2%-4).5%气调3种贮藏方式的比较研究.结果表明,在6℃贮藏条件下,气调贮藏显著抑制了甜瓜的呼吸强度,延缓了果实的衰老,并有效抑制了果肉硬度、可溶性固形物、Vc和还原糖含量的下降,降低了果实的腐烂指数.保持了甜瓜较好的品质和风味;与气调贮藏的甜瓜相比,冷藏结合臭氧间隙处理的甜瓜的生理指标和贮藏品质不如气调贮藏的好,而冷藏的甜瓜的贮藏品质最差.试验同时得出采用冷藏结合臭氧间隙处理模式,效果好于冷藏,但不及气调贮藏的效果,气调贮藏保鲜甜瓜的效果最好.     

不同贮藏温度下红心火龙果的品质变化

以红心火龙果为试材,探讨不同贮藏温度(0,5,10,20,30℃)下果实腐烂率、可溶性固形物、维生素C、可溶性糖、有机酸等含量的变化。结果表明,不同贮藏温度对果实品质影响存在差异,0,5℃贮藏的火龙果22 d没有腐烂,而30℃贮藏的火龙果在9 d时就已完全腐烂;随着贮藏时间的延长,火龙果生理生化指标呈现明显的变化,可溶性固形物、维生素C、可溶性糖、有机酸含量都呈现下降的趋势,但低温贮藏可明显减缓果实品质的变化,5℃条件下其下降的趋势比较缓慢。综合分析,5℃是火龙果贮藏的最佳温度。     

Accumulation of Protein Fractions during Grain Filling of Wheat Genotypes Differing in Protein Content and Baking Quality

The accumulation of protein fractions was analyzed on developing and mature wheat grains of three cultivars differing in protein content and baking quality. There was a slight difference in the accumulation of cytoplasmic proteins in the cultivars used. The high yield but low protein cultivar showed a consistent decline of protein content during grain filling but the high - protein cultivars increased their psotein contant after 25 days post-anthcsis. The accumulation of storage proteins was different from that of cytoplasmic protein, and there were also cultivar variations. However, all cultivars reached their, maximum-synthesizing capacity for storage proteins at maturity. The relationship between the protein fractions or their ratio and baking quality was also discussed.     

Optimal storage temperature and 1-MCP treatment combinations for different marketing times of Korla Xiang pears

Maintenance of green color is the primary indicator of quality in the market evaluation of Korla Xiang pears at present and can generally be achieved through early harvesting and decreasing the storage temperature, but the fruit quality was reduced by early harvesting, and the decreasing storage temperature increased the risk of chilling injury. The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal storage parameters for different storage times and to find ways to preserve the green skin color of pears. Specifically, we analyzed the effects of the ethylene inhibitor, 1-methylcyclopropene(1-MCP), combined with low temperature on quality and maintenance of the green color of Korla Xiang pears during storage. We found that 1-MCP and/or low temperature reduced the loss of green color at 20°C after being removed from cold storage. In addition, 1-MCP significantly inhibited the decline of titratable acid and ascorbic acid but had no significant effect on fruit firmness and total soluble solids. Low temperature with or without 1-MCP inhibited the release of ethylene, inhibited the decline in the stalk preservation index, inhibited the increase in decay rate and weight loss rate during storage, and inhibited the increase in the core browning index after 225 days of storage. Different storage temperatures had different effects on the quality of Korla Xiang pears. Despite inhibiting ethylene release, a storage temperature of –1.5°C increased the respiration rate. Storage at –1.5°C caused core browning early during storage due to chilling injury, whereas at 2°C core browning occurred late during storage due to senescence. In late storage, 1-MCP had no significant effect on the maintenance of Korla Xiang pear quality at 2°C. Based on these results, we determined the optimal combinations of low temperature and 1-MCP treatment to maintain pear quality while avoiding chilling injury. For different marketing times, the optimal conditions for storage until New Year's Day(a storage duration of 90 days) are 2°C or 1-MCP combined with 2°C. For storage until the Spring Festival(a storage duration of 150 days), the optimal conditions are 0°C or 1-MCP combined with 0°C, and for storage until May(a storage duration of 225 days), the best conditions are 1-MCP combined with –1.5°C.     

功能性MA包装对黄冠梨贮藏品质和褐变的影响

采用功能性薄膜对套袋黄冠梨进行包装处理,研究了功能性MA包装对黄冠梨贮藏品质和褐变的影响。结果表明：贮藏期间,功能性MA包装在一定程度上延缓了果实硬度下降,抑制可溶性固形物含量升高,加快可滴定酸含量下降。其中,30μm白色PE膜减少果皮褐变,30μm绿色PE膜减少果心褐变。整体来看,30μm白色PE膜包装贮藏效果最好。