植树造林在全球气候变暖中的作用及其对策

随着森林的砍伐和社会经济的发展,生态环境遭到了破坏,出现了全球气候变暖的情况。本文主要分析了植树造林在缓解全球气候变暖中的作用,并根据需要提出了一些科学有效的植树造林手段,希望能够改善气候,缓解全球气候变暖。     

全球气候变暖对我国小麦生产的影响

全球气候变暖作为一个公认的事实,对我国各个领域的影响逐渐增大。农业是与气候条件密切相关的行业,气候变暖对其影响更加深远,其结果对我国粮食安全具有决定性作用。文章综合了有关气候变暖与粮食生产的相关研究,从气候变暖对小麦生长发育、小麦产量以及病虫的发生等方面进行了详细的阐述,最后针对相关问题提出了一些建议和措施,期望能减缓气候变暖给农业生产带来的损失。     

植树造林在全球气候变暖中的作用及其措施

总结了全球气候变暖的影响,阐述了植树造林对缓解气候变暖的作用,分析了我国传统植树造林的弊端,并提出了行之有效的科学造林措施,以供参考。     

浅谈碳汇林业在气候变化应对中的作用

面对全球气候变暖这一严峻形势,世界各国都在寻求应对之策,本文通过对全球气候变暖的原因分析,探讨了碳汇林业的涵义,介绍了碳汇林业在气候变化应对中的作用,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

各地报刊文章选登

各地报刊文章选登全球变暖对美国农业不利几十年来，学者们无论如何也确定不了全球气候会变冷还是变暖，后一种观点最终占了优势。这种观点认为，最近１０－１５年全球气候的趋势是变暖。对变暖的程度众说纷坛，最普遍的估计是北半球平均温度要上升２－３℃。同时，自然带...     

气候变暖对环境的影响

气候变暖对环境的影响峻岭全球气候在温室效应作用下日益变暖,最近联合国国际气候变化研究组织开始了一项新的课题研究,即探讨气候变暖对地球五大洲将产生的区域性影响,国际气候变化研究组织认为,气候变暖将对人类的健康生态系统以及在社会经济领域因地理分布不同而产...     

树轮密度的测量方法及其对气候变化的响应研究进展

近年来全球气候变暖成为研究热点,树轮密度是研究气候变化的重要代用资料之一。在全球气候变暖的背景下,研究树木年轮密度与气候之间的关系是十分必要的。基于当前国内外对树轮与气候关系的研究进展,本文分别从树轮密度测量方法、树轮密度与气候变化之间的关系以及树轮密度对气候响应的影响因素方面等进行综述。总结了树轮密度与主要气候因子(温度、降水)综合作用的关系,树高、海拔、树龄和坡向等非气候因子对树轮密度与气候响应的影响。一般情况下,它们的关系体现在早材密度与降水存在显著负相关关系,晚材密度与温度呈显著正相关关系,并且树轮密度受降水和温度双重作用影响。     

由暖冬现象引发的对全球气候变暖的原因的分析

近年来全球气候变暖导致了森林面积缩小、荒漠化面积扩大、海平面上升,各种灾难、疾病增多等各种严重后果。本文从近几年常见的暖现象出发,综述有关全球气候变暖的观点和研究结果,分析导致全球气候变暖的各种因素。     

浅谈气候因子与土壤肥力对玉米产量的影响

<正>近年来,地球气候正经历一次以全球变暖为主要特征的显著变化,已经给全球与我国的自然生态系统和社会经济发展带来显著深远的影响。人们开始认识到,和其它影响农业生产的常规因素一样,气候变暖已经成为影响农业生产的一个主要因素。而黑龙江省是我国气候变暖最明显的地区之一。一、玉米种植过程中的气候条件分析在玉米生长过程中,对热量、光照等方面有比较高的要求,而黑龙江地区光照比较充足,因此比较适宜玉米种植。     

气候变暖对农产品生产的影响以及对策

全球气候变暖已经是一个不可逆转的趋势,气候变暖无论是对人类社会还是对自然界来说都有极大的影响,在这里主要研究了气候变暖对农产品生产的影响,进而提出了相关的对策。     

土壤呼吸强度的影响因素及其研究进展

探讨了土壤呼吸的研究情况和各因素对土壤呼吸的影响,提出了土壤呼吸研究尚需解决的问题和研究方向,并进行了展望.     

秸秆还田对免耕稻田温室气体排放及土壤有机碳固定的影响

秸秆还田影响免耕稻田土壤固碳潜力,相应地改变了温室气体的排放,从而影响秸秆还田后稻田土壤固碳减排对减缓全球变暖的贡献。通过研究不同油菜秸秆还田量(0、3000、4000kg·hm-2和6000kg·hm-2)对免耕稻田温室气体(CO2、CH4和N2O)排放和土壤碳固定的影响,评估秸秆还田后温室气体增排的综合增温潜势对稻田固碳减缓全球变暖的贡献的抵消作用。结果表明,秸秆还田显著提高CO2和N2O排放,降低CH4排放,显著提高土壤有机碳含量,有效地提高土壤碳固定,从而有效地提高稻田土壤碳固定对温室气体增排的温室效应抵消作用。随着秸秆还田量的增加,稻田土壤固碳减缓全球变暖的贡献相应增加,因此必须考虑免耕稻田秸秆还田量的问题,以有效发挥免耕稻田秸秆还田的固碳潜力和降低温室气体的排放。     

Interpretation of snow-climate feedback as produced by 17 general circulation models

Snow feedback is expected to amplify global warming caused by increasing concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases. The conventional explanation is that a warmer Earth will have less snow cover, resulting in a darker planet that absorbs more solar radiation. An intercomparison of 17 general circulation models, for which perturbations of sea surface temperature were used as a surrogate climate change, suggests that this explanation is overly simplistic. The results instead indicate that additional amplification or moderation may be caused both by cloud interactions and longwave radiation. One measure of this net effect of snow feedback was found to differ markedly among the 17 climate models, ranging from weak negative feedback in some models to strong positive feedback in others.     

气候变暖影响区域水循环与粮食安全的研究进展

综述了气候变暖对水循环、粮食作物生产和粮食安全影响的研究进展。未来气候变暖造成的热浪以及作物生长季节温度的不确定变化导致的农业减产,将严重威胁世界的粮食安全。近些年许多地区热浪增强、强降水事件增多、干旱持续时间延长,表明了全球应对气候变暖采取减排和适应对策的紧迫性和复杂性。减缓温室气体的排放是全世界的共同责任,而适应气候变暖所采取的相应对策则是区域行为,因而难度很大。世界各国应该共同合作,集合世界的力量应对全球变暖的挑战。     

中国主要农业源温室气体排放及减排对策

近年来温室气体的大量排放以及由此造成的全球气候变暖引起了人们的广泛关注,减缓温室气体排放已成为一个急需解决的问题.CO2、CH4和N2O是几种主要的温室气体,在全球变暖中起着非常重要的作用.农业生产活动是温室气体CH4和N2O最重要的排放源之一,本文从减少水稻田和反刍动物CH4气体排放、利用农业有机废弃物进行CO2气体施肥以减少秸秆燃烧和畜禽粪便随意堆置过程中CH4和N2O排放以及调整农田氮肥施用方法减少土壤N2O排放等几个方面总结了在中国农业生产过程中可以减缓温室气体排放的一些措施,以期在这些方面为中国温室气体减排和缓解全球气候变暖作出积极的贡献.     

Detecting climatic change signals: are there any "fingerprints"?

Projected changes in the Earth's climate can be driven from a combined set of forcing factors consisting of regionally heterogeneous anthropogenic and natural aerosols and land use changes, as well as global-scale influences from solar variability and transient increases in human-produced greenhouse gases. Thus, validation of climate model projections that are driven only by increases in greenhouse gases can be inconsistent when one attempts the validation by looking for a regional or time-evolving "fingerprint" of such projected changes in real climatic data. Until climate models are driven by time-evolving, combined, multiple, and heterogeneous forcing factors, the best global climatic change "fingerprint" will probably remain a many-decades average of hemi-spheric- to global-scale trends in surface air temperatures. Century-long global warming (or cooling) trends of 0.5 degrees C appear to have occurred infrequently over the past several thousand years-perhaps only once or twice a millennium, as proxy records suggest. This implies an 80 to 90 percent heuristic likelihood that the 20th-century 0.5 +/- 0.2 degrees C warming trend is not a wholly natural climatic fluctuation.     

Sea-floor hydrothermal activity links climate to tectonics: the Eocene carbon dioxide greenhouse

Two important findings of recent ocean floor drilling in the southeast Pacific (Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 92) are (i) that sea-floor hydrothermal activity may fluctuate through time by as much as an order of magnitude and (ii) that episodes of greatest hydrothermal flux correspond to times when ridge-transform plate boundaries are undergoing major changes in their configuration rather than to known times of increased spreading rate or volcanism. Evidence is presented here in support of the hypothesis that heightened hydrothermal activity induced by the Eocene tectonic activity caused a global greenhouse effect, which may represent the long-sought-after historical analog to the carbon dioxide-induced global warming expected to occur by the middle of the next century.     

The greenhouse effect: science and policy

Global warming from the increase in greenhouse gases has become a major scientific and political issue during the past decade. That infrared radiation is trapped by greenhouse gases and particles in a planetary atmosphere and that the atmospheric CO(2) level has increased by some 25 percent since 1850 because of fossil fuel combustion and land use (largely deforestation) are not controversial; levels of other trace greenhouse gases such as methane and chlorofluorocarbons have increased by even larger factors. Estimates of present and future effects, however, have significant uncertainties. There have also recently been controversial claims that a global warming signal has been detected. Results from most recent climatic models suggest that global average surface temperatures will increase by some 2 degrees to 6 degrees C during the next century, but future changes in greenhouse gas concentrations and feedback processes not properly accounted for in the models could produce greater or smaller increases. Sea level rises of 0.5 to 1.5 meters are typically projected for the next century, but there is a small probability of greater or even negative change. Forecasts of the distribution of variables such as soil moisture or precipitation patterns have even greater uncertainties. Policy responses range from engineering countermeasures to passive adaptation to prevention and a "law of the atmosphere." One approach is to implement those policies now that will reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and have additional societal benefits. Whether the uncertainties are large enough to suggest delaying policy responses is not a scientific question per se, but a value judgment.     

Global climate change and intensification of coastal ocean upwelling

A mechanism exists whereby global greenhouse warning could, by intensifying the alongshore wind stress on the ocean surface, lead to acceleration of coastal upwelling. Evidence from several different regions suggests that the major coastal upwelling systems of the world have been growing in upwelling intensity as greenhouse gases have accumulated in the earth's atmosphere. Thus the cool foggy summer conditions that typify the coastlands of northern California and other similar upwelling regions might, under global warming, become even more pronounced. Effects of enhanced upwelling on the marine ecosystem are uncertain but potentially dramatic.     

气候变化对山东省农业生产影响研究

从山东省1985～2009年年平均气温入手,得出山东省的年平均气温有逐年升高的趋势;进而从农业生产入手,运用计量经济学中的回归分析方法分析了影响山东省农业生产的主要因素为化肥施用量与农业机械总动力,其同时也能增加温室气体的排放,导致气候变暖;最后根据模型给出了农业生产的几个建议。