复合氨基酸微量元素螯合物饲料添加剂的研究

本文报道了复合氨基酸微量元素螯合物（简称螯合盐）的制备过程与方法，以及在网箱养鲤中与无机盐添加剂的对比试验结果。研究表明，此法制备的复合氨基酸微量元素螯合物方法简单，产品中氨基酸种类齐全，在本实验条件下微量元素与复合氨基酸螯合效果好。用该产品与无机盐对比养鲤试验表明，添加螯合盐的三个试验组分别比添加无机盐的对照组多增重６８．１％，４６．９％，３７．１％。饲料系数下降率分别为４１．７％，３３．３％，２９．２％。ｔ检验表明，三个试验组与对照组差异显著。     

氨基酸螯合盐与无机盐在鲤鱼饲养中的应用比较

本文报道了氨基酸微量元素螯合盐与无机盐添加剂及麦饭石在鲤鱼饲养中的对比试验结果。结果表明，无论是采用氨基酸螯合盐作添加剂，还是采用麦饭石作添加剂，养殖效果均优于添加无机直斩对照组。添加螯合直斩３个试验组分别比对照组多增重６８．１％，４６．９％，３７．２％，饲料系数下降率分别为４１．７％，３３．３％，２９．２％。ｔ检验表明，３个试验组与对照组差异显著。     

蛋氨酸螯合锌不同添加量对肉用仔鸡生产性能的影响

将600只鸡分成3组,每组200只鸡。分别为对照组、试验1组和试验2组,对照组微量元素采用的饲料级无机盐;试验1组和试验2组分别添加60mg/kg、40mg/kg的羟基蛋氨酸螯合锌,以研究蛋氨酸螯合锌不同添加量对肉用仔鸡生产性能影响。试验结果表明,以微量元素氨基酸螯合物代替无机盐可显著提高肉用仔鸡的生长速度和饲料转化率,提高养殖的经济效益,且肉用仔鸡日粮中蛋氨酸螯合锌添加量以每千克饲料中添加60mg的效果最好。     

蛋氨酸螯合锌不同添加量对肉用仔鸡生产性能的影响

将600只鸡分成3组，每组200只鸡。分别为对照组、试验1组和试验2组。对照组微量元素采用的饲料级无机盐；试验1组和试验2组分别添加60mg/kg，40mg/kg的羟基蛋氨酸螯合锌，以研究蛋氨酸螯合锌不同添加量对肉用仔鸡生产性能影响。试验结果表明，以微量元素氨基酸螯合物代替无机盐可显著提高内用仔鸡的生长速度和饲料转化率，提高养殖的经济效益,且肉用仟鸡日粮中蛋氨酸螯舍锌添加量以每千克饲料中添加60mg的效果最好。     

氨基酸微量元素螯合盐养鱼效果好

氨基酸微量元素螯合盐添加剂是由天然动物蛋白原料如:毛发、蹄角、皮、革等经水解转化为多种氨基酸后,再在特定的条件下与微量元素进行螯合而得。该添加剂外观为褐色粉末,具有氨基酸特有的鲜香味,其中蛋白质含量在30％左右,对鱼、虾具有明显的诱食效     

大连水院研制成高效营养型添加剂—氨基酸微量元素螯合盐

大连水院研制成高效营养型添加剂—氨基酸微量元素螯合盐该添加剂外观为褐色粉末，具有氨基酸特有的鲜香味，对鱼、虾具有明显的诱食效果。其中蛋白质含量在３０％左右。该添加剂是由天然动物蛋白原料如：毛发、蹄角、皮、革等经水解转化为多种氨基酸后，再在特定的条件下...     

氨基酸螯合盐对罗非鱼促生长作用的研究

本文报道了氨基酸螫合盐与无机盐添加剂在罗非鱼饲养中的对比试验结果，以及在螯合盐中添加稀土对罗非鱼生长的影响，测定了各组试验鱼的耗氧率以及肌肉中蛋白质、脂肪和水分的含量，结果表明，添加螯合盐的四个试验组鱼的增重效果均优于添加无机盐的对照组，四个试验组分别比对照组多增重７５．７％、８６．５％、１０８．５％．８９．０％，饵料系数下降率分别为２９．２％．３３．４％，４２．５％，３３．７％。ｔ检验表明，四个试验组与对照组差异显著。     

氨基酸微量元素螯合盐在养鱼生产中的作用

氨基酸微量元素螯合盐是由大连水产学院研制而成的高效营养型添加剂，是一种褐色粉末，蛋白质含量在30％左右。具有氨基酸特有的鲜香味，有明显的诱食效果。     

新型水产饲料及饲料添加剂综述

１ 氨基酸微量元素螯合物 ２０世纪７０年代起，氨基酸微量元素螯合物的研究，推动了络合物在动物营养中的应用。动物营养研究人员从氨基酸、多肽是动物必需的营养物质这一事实出发，用其作为螯合剂进行研究和应用开发。氨基酸和多肽的螯合物代替无机盐应用于动物饲料添加剂，有效提高了动物的生长速度，降低了饲料消耗，增强了抗病能力。国内外的研究资料表明，氨基酸微量元素螯合物无论对畜禽还是水产动物，都有非常显著的增产效果。氨基酸微量元素螯合物对于促进鱼类生长，提高饲料转化率和商品鱼的成活率，具有显著效果，是适合鱼类营养…     

复合氨基酸微量元素在对虾养殖业的应用

目前，我国饲料工业发展迅速，然而国内饲料原料供应日趋紧张，优质蛋白质缺乏，每年需耗巨资进口大量氨基酸、鱼粉和豆粕等原料。为此，我们进行了复合氨基酸添加剂的研究，其目的是为饲料工业和养殖业提供大量的优质蛋白质原料，解决我国饲料资源短缺的问题。　　我们从1999年起在对腐殖酸等替代抗菌素生产绿色饲料成功的基础上，为了进一步提高畜禽、水产品的生长速度，提高广大养殖户的经济效益，经过一年多的反复实验，将屠宰的下脚料（动物毛发、血、皮角等）用水解的方法转化成氨基酸液体，再以黄腐酸和各种微量元素等原料经过螯合为…     

Cloning, tissue distribution and hormonal regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase in tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus

The stearoyl-CoA desaturase cDNA in tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE, and it was compared with those in grass carp, common carp and milkfish. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the full length of cDNA (1172 bp) clone encompasses 1008 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 336 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence shares 78–82% identity with the teleosts and 64–66% with mammals compared, and like these fish, the cloned tilapia stearoyl-CoA desaturase amino acid sequence conserves three histidine cluster motifs (one HXXXXH and two HXXHH), which functioned as non-heme iron binding sites, essential for stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity. RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis reveal that tilapia stearoyl-CoA desaturase is expressed only in liver, but the stearoyl-CoA desaturase expression in multiple tissues was observed in milkfish, grass carp and carp. Further, the hormonal regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase gene expression was investigated by a single injection of 17β-estradiol and testosterone. The results showed that the administration of 17β-estradiol to tilapia led to a greater increase in desaturase activity than testosterone, and higher doses of steroids produced greater increases in enzyme activity. The comparative RT-PCR analysis showed that the stearoyl-CoA desaturase mRNA level increased significantly in 17β-estradiol treated animals, especially in the groups receiving a single injection of 50 mg 17β-estradiol. This was reflected in the decrease in the saturated fatty acids and the increase in the monounsaturated fatty acids. The proportion of the polyunsaturated fatty acids was not affected.     

Combined effects of fertilization rate, manuring and feed pellet application on fish performance and water quality in polyculture ponds

This study analyses the combined effects of organic and inorganic fertilization and of feeding with pellets on fish performance and water quality in a polyculture of common carp. Cyprinus Carpio L., silver carp. Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Val.), grass carp. Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val.) and hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. x O. aureus Stetndachner. Experiments included six treatments, which are combinations of inorganic fertilisation (daily or fortnightly), manuring (supplied or not), feed pellets (supplied or not) and density of phytoplanktivorous fish species (high-density treatments with 50% more hybrid tilapia and 300% more silver carp than low-density treatments). The effects of the management procedures on fish weight, growth, survival and yield. plankton abundance, water quality, and their complex interactions at the different levels of the natural food web were analysed. The hypothesis that daily fertilization should increase algal production, which in turn should sustain a higher density of phytoplanktivorous fish, proved to be correct within certain limits. Algal reproduction rate was higher under daily fertilization, pointing to better supply of food for herbivorous fish, while algal biomass was similar under both fertilization regimes, pointing to the utilization of that algal food supply. The increased algal food supply sustained a 50% density increase of the omnivorous tilapia, but not the 300% density increase of the grazer silver carp.     

Polyculture of silver barb, Puntius gonionotus (Bleeker), Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), and common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., in Vietnamese ricefields: fish production parameters

The fish production parameters of five polyculture combinations, consisting of small and large silver barb, Puntius gonionotus (Bleeker), small and large Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), and small common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., fingerlings in three replicates, were investigated in a rice-fish culture experiment (duration 149 days) conducted in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. The survival rate was not significantly (P > 0.05) affected by the polyculture combination, but when grouped according to species, the mean survival of silver barb and tilapia was 64.3% and 63.7%, respectively, significantly higher than the mean common carp survival rate (33.4%). The growth of silver barb and tilapia was proportionally related to the stocking density, probably because of intraspecific competition and a synergistic interaction between silver barb and tilapia. The growth of common carp was not significantly different among the polyculture combinations. The highest net production (474.1 kg ha^?1) was obtained in the polyculture combination consisting of 80% small-sized silver barb fingerlings, but the fish was not marketable at that time. In concurrent rice-fish culture, it is recommended to raise large silver barb fingerlings. Small tilapia can be polycul-tured with silver barb, provided a stocking density lower than 1400 ha^?1. Common carp is considered less suitable because of a limited tolerance for the water quality conditions in the ricefield and the large size required by the market.     

Effects of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) stocking and artificial feeding on water quality and production in rohu–common carp bi‐culture ponds

Previous research showed that stocking 1.5 rohu (Labeo rohita) and 0.5 common carp (Cyprinus carpio) m⁻² yields the highest production in small holder ponds in Bangladesh. The present study looked into the effects of additional stocking of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica) in fed or non‐fed ponds on water quality and fish production. A low, additional stocking density of 0.2 Nile tilapia m⁻² was tested. All treatments were executed in triplicate in 100 m² ponds and the duration of the experiment was 4.5 months. The results showed that tilapia addition increased nutrient concentrations and reduced total suspended solid concentration and phytoplankton biomass (P<0.05). Tilapia stocking resulted in additional production without affecting the growth and production of rohu and common carp. Supplemental feeding increased the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations, phytoplankton availability and the growth and production of rohu and common carp (P<0.01). The combination of supplemental feeding and tilapia stocking resulted in a higher net yield than the other treatments (P<0.05). Stocking 1.5 rohu, 0.5 common carp and 0.2 tilapia m⁻² in fed‐ponds is a good culture combination for polyculture farmers in South Asia.     

密云水库鲢鱼、鳙鱼营养成分分析与评价

为全面了解密云水库鲢鱼、鳙鱼的营养特征,以密云水库秋季鲢鱼和鳙鱼为研究对象,对其肌肉的水分、蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分、矿物质元素含量以及氨基酸、脂肪酸组成进行分析。研究结果表明,密云水库鲢鱼和鳙鱼肌肉蛋白质含量分别为(18.40±0.40)%和(18.60±0.57)%,粗脂肪含量为(0.60±0.10)%和(1.48±0.91)%,富含人体所需的钾、钠、钙、镁、磷等常量元素及铁、锰、锌、硒等微量元素;鲢鱼、鳙鱼肌肉中,18种常见氨基酸均被检出,其中谷氨酸含量高,必需氨基酸分别占氨基酸总量的40.00%和40.16%,必需氨基酸指数分别为99.15和98.76;鲢鱼、鳙鱼肌肉中分别检出脂肪酸12种和19种,相对含量均表现为多不饱和脂肪酸>饱和脂肪酸>单不饱和脂肪酸,而多不饱和脂肪酸中均以二十二碳六烯酸相对含量最高,其次为二十碳五烯酸,两者之和分别达30.64%和23.79%。研究结果表明,密云水库鲢鱼、鳙鱼是良好的蛋白质来源,氨基酸组成合理,富含矿物质和有益脂肪酸,具有很好的营养价值和可食用性。     

Effects of feeding rates on growth and production of Nile tilapia, common carp and silver carp polycultured in fertilized ponds

Abstract In an attempt to identify appropriate feeding rates for multispecies of fish raised in fertilized earthen ponds, the present work was conducted over a 19‐week experimental period to establish the growth performance, production and body composition of Nile tilapia, common carp and silver carp fed 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0%, 5.0% biomass and to apparent satiation (treatments). Twelve ponds were stocked with a similar number and weight of each fish species. Two ponds were assigned to each of the treatments, and a 25% protein pelleted fish feed was used to feed fish at the specified rate of feeding. At the end of the experiment, growth, weight gain, survival, yield and body composition of fish groups were affected by the treatments. The economic effectiveness also varied among treatments. The most conspicuous attribute of the feeding rates was its lack of influence on growth (g day^?1), weight gain (g per fish), yield (kg ha^?1) or body composition of silver carp. The results of whole‐body proximate analysis indicated that various feeding rates had either an irregular pattern or no effects on the protein and ash gain per 100 g of fish body weight (bw) gain. The most notable exceptions were significant (P < 0.05) increases in body fat and gross energy gains in Nile tilapia, common carp and silver carp accompanied by decreases in percentages of moisture (but not in silver carp) as feeding rate increased. Among the six different feeding levels, feeding to apparent satiation (feed amount was equivalent to 2.67% of fish bw day^?1) appeared to be optimal, as it significantly (P < 0.05) supported the highest fish production, income and net profit compared with all other treatments except for the 3% feeding level, for which the differences in those measurements were comparable.     

投喂蚕豆和普通配合饲料草鱼肌肉营养成分比较分析及营养评价

对投喂蚕豆和普通配合饲料的2组草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）肌肉中的胶原蛋白、钙离子（Ca2＋）、氨基酸和脂肪酸含量进行了比较分析,并对其营养价值与食用价值进行了评价。结果显示,投喂蚕豆草鱼肌肉中胶原蛋白和Ca2＋的质量分数分别为（0．149±0．011）％和（0．036±0．011）％,比投喂普通配合饲料的草鱼分别提高了36．7％和154％。投喂蚕豆草鱼肌肉中氨基酸总量为（16．802±1．823）％,投喂普通配合饲料草鱼氨旗酸总量为（18．444±0．850）％;投喂蚕豆草鱼肌肉中4种鲜味氨基酸[天冬氨酸（Asp）、谷氮酸（Glu）、甘氯酸（Gyl）和丙氨酸（Ala）]总质量分数为（6．613±0．771）％,低于投喂普通配合饲料草鱼。投喂蚕豆荦：鱼和投喂普通配合饲料草鱼肌肉中不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）总量分别占脂肪酸总量的73．857％和76．334％,其中单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）分别占脂肪总量的（55．598±2．403）％和（33．832±2．755）％。结果表明,投喂蚕豆荦：鱼叽肉中胶原蛋白和Ca2＋含量比投喂普通配合饲料的草鱼有显著提高,但其鲜味程度、氨基酸以及小饱和脂肪酸含鞋比投喂普通配合饲料草鱼低。     

生物絮凝-罗非鱼养殖系统启动阶段絮体胞外聚合物、粗蛋白和总氨基酸变化

为了研究生物絮凝新吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)养殖系统的启动过程,本实验采用超声波法研究了该阶段絮体胞外聚合物(Extracellular Polymeric Substances,EPS)、粗蛋白和总氨基酸的变化情况。结果表明,控制养殖水体中溶氧在5 mg/L以上,水温25℃,由于碳源的添加不足,导致水体中硝酸盐发生积累;整个实验过程中,总磷的质量浓度持续增长;生物絮体的污泥活性指数(Sludge activity index,SVI30)先升高后降低;絮体中粗蛋白和总氨基酸含量不断增加,在第31天时,粗蛋白含量达到37.55%,与饲料中37.87%的粗蛋白含量接近,而总氨基酸含量达到了35%;絮体中EPS主要分松散附着的胞外聚合物(Loosely bound EPS,LB-EPS)和紧密粘附的胞外聚合物(Tightly bound EPS,TB-EPS),LB-EPS以多糖为主,而TB-EPS以蛋白质为主;实验过程中,LB-EPS逐渐降低,TB-EPS则先升高后降低。     

Proximate and fatty acid composition of 13 important freshwater fish species in central Europe

We aimed to investigate proximate and fatty acid composition of important freshwater fish species in the Czech Republic. Sampled fish include seven species from intensive farming: African catfish, rainbow trout, Wels catfish, Nile tilapia, brook trout, northern whitefish, and pikeperch; eight species from semi-intensive culture systems: common carp, northern pike, pikeperch, grass carp, European perch, tench, silver carp, and catfish; and three species from extensive culture systems: rainbow trout, tench, and common carp. The fat content and fatty acid composition were highly influenced by the culture systems. Simultaneously, we observed a significant dependence of fatty acid composition on the fat content. The content of saturated fatty acids was below 34% in all analyzed fish. Northern pike, pikeperch, and European perch contained with over 50% the highest proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Intensively cultured fish reached the highest content of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acid. Nutritional quality was determined by atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes which ranged from 0.27 to 0.63 and 0.20 to 0.61 and by ratios n-3/n-6 (0.54–3.45) and polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acids (0.67–2.01). Results demonstrated that the flesh of all studied species are of high nutritional quality.