猪血管内皮细胞中分子伴侣Jiv9O基因的克隆与原核表达

克隆到猪Jiv90基因,构建原核表达载体并在大肠埃希菌中表达.从猪血管内皮细胞中克隆到Jiv90基因,将其克隆到pET-32a载体上,构建出重组表达载体,经IPTG诱导表达.结果表明,本试验成功克隆了大小为693 bp的基因,重组质载体pET-32a-Jiv90所表达的蛋白在大肠埃希菌中以包涵体的形式存在,表达产物经S...     

福氏志贺菌外输调节蛋白基因marA的原核表达载体构建及其鉴定

目的构建志贺菌外输调节蛋白基因marA的原核表达载体并对其表达的蛋白进行鉴定。方法采用PCR从志贺菌基因组DNA中扩增得到志贺菌外输调节蛋白基因marA,并将其定向克隆到原核表达载体pET-30a,构建原核表达重组质粒pET-30a-marA,重组子经限制性内切酶分析、PCR及测序鉴定后,转化宿主菌BL21,IPTG诱导表达,产物进行SDS-PAGE电泳、免疫印迹分析鉴定。结果经鉴定证实原核表达载体pET-30a-marA构建成功,且在大肠杆菌BL21中获得了MarA与His的融合表达,且表达蛋白产物的分子质量大小与预期值一致,并可被特异性抗体所识别。结论MarA在大肠杆菌中获得了高效的表达,为进一步研究其免疫学特性和功能奠定了基础。     

新城疫病毒F基因在大肠埃希菌中的表达及其抗原性分析

构建新城疫病毒融合蛋白F基因的原核表达载体,并将其在宿主菌BL21(DE3)感受细胞中表达.以含有融合蛋白F基因的重组质粒pMD19T-F为模板,设计特异性引物,应用PCR技术扩增获得F基因的F1片段,定向插入原核表达载体pET-28a,构建重组质粒pET-F1,将构建成功的重组质粒pET-F1转化宿主菌BL21(DE3)感受态细胞经IPTG诱导,将其在宿主菌细胞中表达,表达产物用SDS-PAGE和Western blot方法检测.结果显示,成功克隆出了新城疫病毒F1基因片段序列852 bp.构建的pET-F1载体经PCR、双酶切、测序鉴定均无误,转化表达宿主菌后经SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测结果显示,目的基因被成功表达,并具有良好的反应原性.成功构建了新城疫病毒的融合蛋白F基因原核表达载体,转化宿主细胞后成功表达了融合蛋白F1重组蛋白片段.     

猪肺炎支原体P52蛋白的原核表达及抗血清制备

为表达猪肺炎支原体(Mhp)P52蛋白及制备其血清,本实验利用PCR从Mhp J株扩增P52基因,克隆到表达载体pET-30a中,获得重组质粒pET-P52,经IPTG诱导,通过SDS-PAGE和western blot检测重组蛋白表达及其免疫学活性.以该重组蛋白为抗原免疫兔制备抗血清,采用间接ELISA检测抗血清效价,并利用抗血清通过间接免疫荧光检测P52基因在AD-293细胞中的表达情况.结果表明,PCR扩增目的基因为1 202 bp,SDS-PAGE检测重组蛋白大小约52 ku,其表达量占菌体总蛋白的28%.Western blot检测表明,目的蛋白能与Mhp阳性血清发生特异性反应,具有良好的免疫活性.间接免疫荧光检测到P52基因在AD-293细胞中表达.本研究为构建P52蛋白腺病毒载体疫苗奠定了基础.     

羊布鲁菌外膜蛋白Bp-26基因的克隆及其原核表达

应用PCR扩增羊布鲁菌M5-90株基因组DNA,得到大小为753 bp的Bp-26基因,将其克隆入pMD20-T载体上,测序正确后,构建重组质粒pET-28a-Bp-26,转化到大肠埃希菌BL21 (DE3)中,经IPTG诱导其表达,用Western blot鉴定蛋白.结果表明,成功构建了pET-28a-Bp-26原核表达载体,并在E.coliBL21中表达Bp-26基因,为开展羊布鲁菌Bp-26目的蛋白的抗原性分析和功能研究奠定了基础.     

猪圆环病毒2型H株cap基因原核表达载体的构建与表达

利用PCR技术从临床病料中提取病毒DNA,扩增出猪圆环病毒PCV-2核衣壳蛋白(Cap)基因。将其克隆到原核表达载体pET-32a中,构建了表达载体pET-H2,转化至大肠杆菌BL21中,用ITPG诱导表达。SDS-PAGE分析显示,重组蛋白主要以不溶性包涵体形式表达,与预期大小30 ku相符;Western-blotting分析表明,表达产物能与抗猪PCV2阳性血清发生反应。     

猪圆环病毒2型ORF1和ORF2基因的克隆与表达

根据GenBank猪圆环病毒2型基因序列,设计合成两对特异性引物,对厦门株-1进行PCR扩增,得到ORF1和ORF2基因。将PCR产物酶切后,插入到pET-22b载体中,构建原核表达载体pET-22b/ORF1、pET-22b/ORF2,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE_3),经IPTG诱导表达,收集茵液进行SDS-PAGE分析。确定重组蛋白主要以包涵体的形式表达,包涵体洗涤溶解后,采用Ni~(2 )离子金属螯合亲和层析柱纯化蛋白,逐步透析法进行复性。Western blot和ELISA分析结果表明Rep蛋白和Cap蛋白均能与猪圆环病毒2型阳性血清发生特异性反应。     

新城疫病毒F48E9株V基因的表达及其抗血清的制备

采用PCR方法从鸡源新城疫病毒（NDV）强毒F48E9株P基因重组质粒中扩增出了V基因全长cDNA，并引进相应的突变位点，将其克隆到pMD18-T载体，然后亚克隆到原核表达载体pET-30c上，重组质粒经酶切、PCR鉴定及测序，筛选出阳性重组质粒，并命名为pET-30c-V。将pET-30c-V转化大肠埃希氏菌BL21（DE3），用1mmol／LIPTG 37℃过夜诱导表达，SDS-PAGE及Western-blotting分析结果表明，所表达的NDVV重组蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在，分子质量约28ku，与理论值大小相符。将包涵体用8mol／L脲变性，经Ni-NTA柱纯化，透析复性，得到纯化的V蛋白。用复性后的V蛋白免疫21日龄SPF鸡（300μg／只），成功制备了抗鸡NDVV蛋白的抗血清。     

牛瑟氏泰勒虫P33表面蛋白基因的克隆与原核表达

本研究根据GenBank牛瑟氏泰勒虫P33表面蛋白基因设计1对引物,利用全血基因组DNA提取试剂盒提取牛瑟氏泰勒虫全血基因组DNA,PCR扩增得到了大小为786 bp的基因片断,测序分析证明,它与已报道序列的核苷酸同源性可达99%.将该基因与pET-28a(+)载体进行连接,经酶切和PCR鉴定,证明成功构建了含有目的基因片段的重组表达载体pET-28a-P33.将此质粒转化至大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)中,用IPTG进行诱导.结果证实,该基因在大肠杆菌中用IPTG诱导4 h时表达量达到高峰,表达产物为分子质量约30.3 ku的融合蛋白,其表达量占菌体总蛋白的43%,以包涵体形式存在;Western blotting试验证明,表达蛋白P33可被牛瑟氏泰勒虫阳性血清所识别,表明该融合蛋白具有较好的反应原性.     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -