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棉大卷叶螟的年生活史与种群动态 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
经过3年田间调查及室内饲养观察,绘制了江淮棉区棉大卷叶螟年生活史图。调查结果显示,该棉区棉大卷叶螟年发生5~6代,主要以第5代老熟幼虫越冬,越冬幼虫于次年4月中下旬化蛹,棉田幼虫始见于6月中下旬,但发生量少,进入7月中下旬后虫量开始上升,8~9月上旬达到高峰。近3年的调查数据表明,该棉区棉大卷叶螟种群数量发生大,其中常规棉田3年百株平均虫量达1 656~2 324头,并对棉花造成了较大损失。转基因棉田棉大卷叶螟种群数量受到明显抑制,3年百株虫量为619~1 358头。 相似文献
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笔者近年经过对抗虫棉田和非抗虫棉田多种病虫、多代次的对比调查,抗虫棉与非抗虫棉病虫发生有明显差异。抗虫棉棉花蚜虫、棉叶螨、大灰象甲及棉花苗病、枯萎病、黄萎病等,发生均高于非抗虫棉;对二代棉铃虫的抗性较强,一般不需要用化学农药防治;对三代棉铃虫的抗性降低,需用化学农药防治2次,比非抗虫棉减少用药1~2次;对四代棉铃虫的抗性极低,防治与非抗虫棉相同,要防治4次。另据资料,抗虫棉对棉铃虫低龄幼虫的致死能力较强,随着幼虫龄期的增大,致死能力降低。据此,抗虫棉田的病虫害防治可采取以下措施:1)以防蚜、防病为重点,抓好播前与播期… 相似文献
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氯虫苯甲酰胺20%悬浮剂和茚虫威15%乳油对水稻纵卷叶螟药效试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水稻纵卷叶螟在我县已连续多年大发生,为了有效地控制纵卷叶螟的为害,寻找理想药剂,我们对美国杜邦公司提供的氯虫苯甲酰胺20%悬浮剂和茚虫威15%乳油防治在水稻纵卷叶螟上进行了防效试验。试验表明,氯虫苯甲酰胺20%悬浮剂10mL/667m^2和茚虫威15%乳油12mL/667m^2对水稻纵卷叶螟有比较好的防效,药效相对较长,药后14d在80%以上。 相似文献
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河北省邯郸市 ,1 997年引进、示范种植美国岱子棉公司与孟山都公司合育成的转Bt基因抗虫棉“新棉33B”近 1 30 0hm2 。调查研究结果表明 ,转Bt基因抗虫棉对棉铃虫蛾、卵无抗性表现 ,田间落卵量与常规棉田无明显差异 ,相反 ,二代棉铃虫百株累计卵量比常规棉处理增加了 2 1 6~ 2 74粒 ,增幅为 30 %~ 38%。转Bt基因抗虫棉对二代棉铃虫幼虫的抗性及控制作用较强 ,基本不用药剂防治 ,但对三代棉铃虫幼虫的抗性控制效果明显下降 ,田间 3龄以上幼虫平均达 2 0~ 4 0头 /百株 ,多者达 60头以上 ,仍需进行药剂防治。棉铃虫在转Bt基因抗… 相似文献
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1抗虫棉有时不抗虫的原因抗虫棉已在全国各地广泛推广应用,但是据有些棉农反映,有的抗虫棉的棉株上棉铃虫和其他害虫还十分严重。如何使种植抗虫棉获得高产丰收,应采取哪些关键性的技术措施,使棉农得实惠。要回答这个问题,首先必须对抗虫棉的特征特性有正确的了解和认识。抗虫棉是具有抗虫性的棉花品种(系)。根据棉花抗虫性来源不同,抗虫棉可分为两大类:一类是常规抗虫棉,另一类是转基因抗虫棉。目前生产上推广应用的这2类抗虫棉,从抗性上讲,常规抗虫棉抗性不够理想,仅在棉铃虫等害虫轻度发生时才能显示出一定的抗性效果,而… 相似文献
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稻纵卷叶螟是水稻上一种重要的迁飞性害虫,对其防控的研究具有重要意义。为筛选出防效好的杀虫剂,在再生稻田开展了7种杀虫剂对稻纵卷叶螟的田间小区防控试验。结果表明,48%毒死蜱乳油、6%阿维·氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂、15%茚虫威悬浮剂对稻纵卷叶螟速效性和持效性均较好,药后14 d防效仍能保持在>75%;20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂和10%甲维·茚虫威悬浮剂防效略低,第14 d防效达分别达到71.59%和69.25%;而1.8%阿维菌素乳油和11.6%甲维·氯虫苯悬浮剂对稻纵卷叶螟防效最低,第14 d防效达仅达到64.63%和61.56%。综上,48%毒死蜱乳油、6%阿维·氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂、15%茚虫威悬浮剂对稻纵卷叶螟具有较好的防治效果,可推荐防控稻纵卷叶螟。 相似文献
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抗虫棉研究的进展、问题与对策 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
抗虫棉分常规抗虫品种和外源转基因抗虫品种两大类。常规抗虫棉主要包括形态抗性和生化抗性;转基因抗虫棉最常用的外源基因有Bt基因和某些蛋白酶抑制剂PI基因如豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制基因CpTI和慈菇蛋白酶抑制基因API等。目前,国内外已成功地培育出多种转基因单价棉和双价棉,如转各种Bt基因的单价棉、Bt/CpTI、Bt/API、Bt/SKTI等双价棉。培育兼具形态或生化抗性和外源基因抗性的抗虫品系是目前抗虫棉研究的主攻目标之一。常规抗虫育种不能从根本上解决棉花的抗虫性问题,而转基因抗虫棉又存在着抗虫的时空性、持久性、抗虫范围、棉田昆虫群落的稳定性及安全性等问题。文章综述了国内外抗虫棉研究的进展和存在的问题,并提出了解决这些问题的对策和建议。 相似文献
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氯虫苯甲酰胺对稻纵卷叶螟的防效及对稻田有益节肢动物的安全性评价 总被引:16,自引:0,他引:16
研究了20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂对稻纵卷叶螟的防效及对稻田常见有益节肢动物的安全性。室内毒力测定结果显示:将20%氯虫苯甲酰胺悬浮剂稀释3 000、6 000倍浸渍水稻叶片,接稻纵卷叶螟幼虫24 h死亡率在40%左右, 96 h死亡率达100%。稻田小区和大面积示范试验结果显示:药后14 d,氯虫苯甲酰胺对稻纵卷叶螟的防效分别为90.59%、97.07%,高于药后4、7 d的防效。其防效好于氟虫腈、虫酰肼+辛硫磷。田间与施药前相比,药后14 d球腹蛛显著增加,微蛛、狼蛛的数量及蜘蛛总量无显著差别。室内测定,氯虫苯甲酰胺处理后,黑肩绿盲蝽及稻虱缨小蜂的死亡率在0~6.67%。上述结果表明:氯虫苯甲酰胺对稻纵卷叶螟有很好的防效,且对稻田有益节肢动物安全。 相似文献
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采用ELISA检测和室内生物测定方法,测定6个转Bt基因棉花品种(系)不同生育期叶片中的Bt毒蛋白含量及其对各世代棉铃虫的抗性水平。转Bt基因棉花叶片中的Bt毒蛋白含量总体上随着棉花生育期的推进而逐渐下降,6个品种(系)叶片的Bt毒蛋白含量子叶期最高,达1 210.03~1 733.15 ng/g,与子叶期相比,三叶期、七叶期、盛蕾期、花铃期、吐絮期Bt毒蛋白含量减少幅度为2.5%~96.0%。6个品种(系)对第4代棉铃虫幼虫抗虫性较低,毒杀效果仅为19.0%~41.3%。幼虫的校正死亡率逐代下降,各棉花品种对第4代幼虫的校正死亡率仅为12.0%~36.2%。 相似文献
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whether target-insects selectively feed on transgenic or non-transgenic crops after consecutive cultivation in fields. We sampled leaves from insect-resistant single-transgenic cotton (expressing Cry1Ac gene), pyramided-transgenic (expressing Cry1Ac and CPTI genes) and conventional cotton that were consecutively cultivated for three years in a field. Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) collected from the cotton field was reared and its next-generation larvae were fed the three types of cotton leaves in a laboratory. The leaf area damaged by the cotton bollworm larvae was not significantly different among single-transgenic, pyramided transgenic and conventional cotton leaves. There was no significant difference found in the leaf damage among the combination groups of the three cotton types. The survival rate of the bollworms was comparable among the combination groups. The results demonstrated that the cotton bollworms did not selectively feed on transgenic or non-transgenic cotton leaves after consecutive cultivation, which may be due to the resistance evolution of the target-insects and decreased Bt content in transgenic cotton leaves. 相似文献
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Effects of Bollgard II cotton containing two Bacillus thuringensis var. kurstaki Berliner (Bt) toxin proteins (Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab), non-Bt cotton (DPL 491) and starvation on survival and development of cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), were determined in the laboratory. Larvae of the first four larval instars died when they fed on the terminal leaves of Bt cotton plants at 50 days after planting (DAP). However, 51.3% of fifth instars that fed on 50 DAP Bt cotton leaves pupated, and 87.1% of the pupae successfully developed into adults. Of the unfed fifth instars (starved), 55.6% pupated and 88.1% of the pupae emerged. Pupae that developed from larvae fed on Bt cotton leaves and unfed were significantly smaller, being 89.7 and 73.2% of the weight of the pupae that developed from larvae fed on non-Bt cotton leaves. Leaves of 120 DAP Bt cotton were less toxic to T. ni larvae. When the first instars continuously fed on 120 DAP Bt cotton leaves, 75.9, 60.6, 56.4 and 38.4% of larvae survived to second, third, fourth and fifth instars respectively, and 20.9% pupated and 17.9% successfully became adults. However, it took the surviving first instars 37.1 days to become adults, which was 7.2 and 8.9 days longer than those fed on 50 and 120 DAP non-Bt cottons respectively. Pupae that developed from larvae that fed on 120 DAP Bt cotton leaves were only 50.9 and 52.6% of the weight of those developed from larvae that fed on 50 and 120 DAP non-Bt cotton respectively. Non-Bt cotton, both 50 and 120 DAP, did not exhibit significant effects on larval survival and development, except that the pupae in the 50 DAP non-Bt cotton treatments developed over a significantly longer time than those in the 120 DAP non-Bt cotton treatment. 相似文献
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Bt棉种植时期和作物布局方式对龟纹瓢虫生长发育和繁殖的影响 总被引:1,自引:4,他引:1
采集多年连作Bt棉区、Bt棉与春玉米等作物混栽区(过渡区)、多年连作果园(非Bt区)的龟纹瓢虫幼虫,分别用Bt棉上的棉蚜、Bt棉和非Bt植物上的蚜虫、非Bt植物上的蚜虫饲养,模拟研究Bt棉不同推广种植时期和作物布局方式对龟纹瓢虫发育、繁殖生物学特性的影响。结果显示,采自不同种植区域的龟纹瓢虫,雌雄成虫的体型由小到大依次为:Bt棉区<过渡区、非Bt区;体重依次为:Bt棉区、过渡区<非Bt区;幼虫历期依次为:Bt棉区>过渡区>非Bt区;新羽化的雌雄成虫体重均依次为:Bt棉区<过渡区<非Bt区;雌成虫比例依次为:Bt棉区<过渡区、非Bt区;羽化成虫的单雌产卵量依次为:Bt棉区、非Bt区<过渡区。表明采自不同种植区域的龟纹瓢虫,体型、体重、发育和繁殖特性均有较大差异,与多年连作果园和过渡区相比,多年连作的Bt棉区中,龟纹瓢虫成虫的体型和体重降低、幼虫发育历期延长、新羽化成虫的体重减轻、雌虫比例降低、单雌产卵量下降。 相似文献
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一熟转Bt基因棉田主要害虫及其天敌的发生规律 总被引:18,自引:1,他引:18
1997年在田间研究了转Bt基因棉品系R93-4在一熟种植方式下对棉田主要害虫及其天敌及其种群的影响。结果表明,转基因棉对棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)和棉造桥虫(Anomis flava)有良好的抗性,发生高期百株幼虫数量均显著低于对照品种中12,但转基因棉田仍需防治第3和第4代棉铃虫。和常规棉相比,转基因棉自然控制田和综合防治田的棉苗蚜(Aphis gossypii)分别增 相似文献
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Abstract Comparative field research on transgenic Bt cotton and conventional cotton under different conditions (fields without pesticide inputs, fields managed by farmers with IPM education, fields managed by farmers lacking IPM education) were carried out in Hubei province of China in 2002. The amount of pesticide used on Bt cotton by non-IPM farmers was found to be around three times that used by IPM farmers. IPM farmers made significantly higher net profits from cultivating transgenic Bt cotton in comparison with non-IPM farmers. Other pest management practices had more significant influences on the population dynamics of predatory natural enemies and major insect pests than did the adoption of transgenic Bt cotton in the cotton ecosystem. Our study showed that IPM education, by increasing farmer capacity to critically evaluate inputs and their effects, monitor their fields and make informed decisions on pest management, enabled farmers to reduce pesticide use significantly, so resulting in improved production and profit margin. IPM farmer education thus, contributed to maximising the value of planting transgenic Bt cotton. 相似文献
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利用室内饲喂法,以抗Cry1Ac近等基因系棉铃虫为材料,比较转基因棉花33B和SGK321及其对照亲本DP5415和石远321对抗、感棉铃虫生长发育的影响。结果表明,抗性棉铃虫在取食常规棉叶后表现出一定的适合度代价。取食DP5415和石远321两种常规棉花后,抗性品系棉铃虫的幼虫存活率显著低于敏感品系,取食33B和SGK321两种转基因棉花的抗性棉铃虫,不仅其幼虫存活率显著高于敏感品系,而且致死中时间也比敏感品系延长。取食9天后,抗性品系在常规棉花石远321和DP5415上发育到3龄和4龄幼虫的比例显著低于敏感品系,取食33B和SGK321转基因棉花的抗性品系发育到3龄幼虫的比例均显著高于敏感品系。抗性品系在常规棉上的蛹重均显著低于敏感品系,部分取食转基因棉花的抗性品系棉铃虫可以化蛹,而敏感品系不能在转基因棉花上化蛹。 相似文献