Inheritance and Molecular Mapping of Stripe Rust Resistance Gene Yr88375 in Chinese Wheat Line Zhongliang 88375

Stripe rust is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. Inheritance of stripe rust resistance and mapping of resistance gene with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers are studied to formulate efficient strategies for breeding cultivars resistant to stripe rust. Zhongliang 88375, a common wheat line, is highly resistant to all three rusts of wheat in China. The gene conferring rust disease was deduced originating from Elytrigia intermedium. Genetic analysis of Zhongliang 88375 indicated that the resistance to PST race CYR31 was controlled by a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as Yr88375. To molecular map Yr88375, a F2 segregating population consisting of 163 individuals was constructed on the basis of the hybridization between Zhongliang 88375 and a susceptible wheat line Mingxian 169; 320 SSR primer pairs were used for analyzing the genetic linkage relation. Six SSR markers, Xgwm335, Xwmc289, Xwmc810, Xgdm116, Xbarc59, and Xwmc783, are linked to Yr88375 as they were all located on chromosome 5BL. Yr88375 was also located on that chromosome arm, closely linked to Xgdmll6 and Xwmc810 with genetic distances of 3.1 and 3.9 cM, respectively. The furthest marker Xwmc783 was 13.5 cM to Yr88375. Hence, pedigree analysis of Zhongliang 88375 combined with SSR markers supports the conclusion that the highly resistance gene Yr88375 derived from Elytrigia intermedium is a novel gene for resistance to stripe rust in wheat. It could play an important role in wheat breeding programs for stripe rust resistance.     

小麦品种中梁88375抗条锈病基因的分子作图

【目的】中梁88375是甘肃省天水市农业科学研究所以中4/S394//咸农4号复合杂交选育而成的冬小麦品系,对小麦三锈免疫。明确其抗条锈病基因及遗传特点,建立与其连锁的微卫星标记,以利于抗源筛选和培育持久抗病新品种。【方法】将中梁88375与感病品种铭贤169杂交、自交和测交并对双亲及其杂交后代进行苗期抗性鉴定。用小麦条锈菌条中31号对其进行遗传分析;采用SSR技术,选用普通小麦的320对微卫星引物对中梁88375及铭贤169的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增和电泳分析。【结果】中梁88375对多个条锈菌小种具有良好的抗病性,对CY31的抗病性由1对显性核基因控制,把该基因暂命名为Yr88375。建立了与Yr88375连锁的6个微卫星标记Xgwm335、Xwmc289、Xwmc810、Xgdm116、Xbarc59与 Xwmc783,并将Yr88375定位于小麦5BL。距离Yr88375 最近的两个微卫星位点是Xgdm116、Xwmc810,遗传距离分别是3.1 cM和3.9 cM,最远的标记Xwmc783与Yr88375之间的遗传距离为13.5 cM。【结论】系谱分析结合分子标记结果表明,Yr88375很有可能是一个来自中间偃麦草(E.intermedium)并与已知抗条锈病基因不同的新基因。     

Genetics and Molecular Mapping of Stripe Rust Resistance Gene YrShan515in Chinese Wheat Cultivar Shan 515

Stripe rust is one of the most important wheat diseases worldwide. To identify new resistance genes is significant in wheat breeding. In this study, stripe rust resistance of a Chinese cultivar Shah 515 was tested with Chinese predominant races of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici in the seedling stage, and genetic analysis and simple sequence repeats (SSR) technique were used to identify the inheritance model of seedling stripe rust resistance in cultivar Shan 515 and to mark the sites of resistance gene(s) on chromosome. The genetic analysis indicated that the resistance of Shan 515 against Su 11-4 was conferred by a single dominant gene, which was temporarily designated as YrShan515. Using bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and SSR markers, 12 SSR markers (Xwmc335, Xwmc696, Xwmc476, Xbarc267, Xgwm333, Xwmc653, Xwmc396,Xgwm213, Xgwm112, Xgwm274, Xcfd22, Xgwm131, and Xwmc517) located on wheat chromosome 7BL were linked to YrShan515 with genetic distance ranging from 3 to 24 eM. Based on the previously published genetic map and Chinese Spring nulli-tetrasomic analysis, YrShan515 was located on wheat chromosome 7BL. Polymorphism of wheat cuitivars collected from Huanghuai wheat grown regions were screened with two markers, Xwmc653 and Xbarc267, and all of these wheat cultivars tested did not present the polymorphic bands as Shan 515 did. Therefore, it suggested that YrShan515 might be a allele of the available yellow rust resistance gene. The mapping of the new resistance gene in Shan 515 is useful for wheat breeding and diversification of resistance genes against stripe rust in commercial wheat cultivars in China.     

Molecular Mapping of a Gene for Resistance to Stripe Rust in Wheat Variety PIW138

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici （Pst）, is one of the most damaging diseases of common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）. Wheat variety PIW138 introduced from Pakistan is resistant to the currently prevailing Pst race CYR32 in China. In this study, the bulked segregant analysis （BSA） method and simple sequence repeat （SSR） markers were used to map the stripe rust resistance gene in PIW138. The resistant and susceptible DNA bulks were prepared from the segregating F2 population of the cross between Thatcher, a susceptible variety as the female parent, and PIW138 as the male parent. The segregation of resistant and susceptible F2 plants inoculated with CYR32 indicated that single dominant gene determined the reactions of PIW138 line and temporarily designated as YrP138. Total 200 SSR primers were screened, and 4 SSR markers, Xwmc52, Xbarc61, Xgwm268, and Xgwm153, on chromosome 1B were found to be polymorphic between the resistant and the susceptible DNA bulks as well as their parents. Genetic linkage was tested on the segregating F2 population with 259 plants, including 196 resistant and 63 susceptible plants. All 4 SSR markers were linked to the stripe rust resistance gene in PIW138. The genetic distances of Xwmc52, Xbarc61, Xgwm268, and Xgwm153 to the resistance gene were 29.8, 6.2, 6.8, and 8.2 cM, respectively.     

Genetics and Molecular Mapping of a High-Temperature Resistance Gene to Stripe Rust in Seeding-Stage in Winter Wheat Cultivar Lantian 1

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici (Pst), is a severe foliar disease of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the world. Resistance is the best approach to control the disease. The winter wheat cultivar Lantian 1 has high-temperature resistance to stripe rust. To determing the gene(s) for the stripe rust resistance, Lantian 1 was crossed with Mingxian 169 (M169). Seedlings of the parents, and F 1 , F 2 and F 2-3 progenies were tested with races CYR32 of Pst under controlled greenhouse conditions. Lantian 1 has a single partially dominant gene conferred resistance to race CYR32, designated as YrLT1. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) techniques were used to identify molecular markers linked to YrLT1. A linkage group of five SSR markers was constructed for YrLT1 using 166 F 2 plants. Based on the SSR marker consensus map and the position on wheat chromosome, the resistance gene was assigned on chromosome 2DL. Amplification of a set of nulli-tetrasomic Chinese Spring lines with SSR marker Xwmc797 confirmed that the resistance gene was located on the long arm of chromosome 2D. Because of its chromosomal location and the high-temperature resistance, this gene is different from previously described genes. The molecular map spanned 29.9 cM, and the genetic distance of two close markers Xbarc228 and Xcfd16 to resistance gene locus was 4.0 and 5.7 cM, respectively. The polymorphism rates of the flanking markers in 46 wheat lines were 2.1 and 2.1%, respectively; and the two markers in combination could distinguish the alleles at the resistance locus in 97.9% of tested genotypes. This new gene and flanking markers should be useful in developing wheat cultivars with high level and possible durable resistance to stripe rust.     

Characterization and Molecular Mapping of a Stripe Rust Resistance Gene in Synthetic Wheat CI110

Stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici (Pst),is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).To diversify stripe rust-resistant resources for wheat breeding pro...     

Molecular Mapping of a Stripe Rust Resistance Gene YrH9020a Transferred from Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng on Wheat Chromosome 6D

Stripe rust （yellow rust）, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici （Pst）, is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat throughout the world. H9020-1-6-8-3 is a translocation line originally developed from interspeciifc hybridization between wheat line 7182 and Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng and is resistant to most Pst races in China. To identify the resistance gene（s） in the translocation line, H9020-1-6-8-3 was crossed with susceptible cultivar Mingxian 169, and seedlings of the parents, F1, F2, F3, and BC1 generations were tested with prevalent Chinese Pst race CYR32 under controlled greenhouse conditions. The results indicated that there is a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as YrH9020a, conferring resistance to CYR32. The resistance gene was mapped by the F2 population from Mingxian 169/H9020-1-6-8-3. It was linked to six microsatellite markers, including Xbarc196, Xbarc202, Xbarc96, Xgpw4372, Xbarc21, and Xgdm141, lfanked by Xbarc96 and Xbarc202 with at 4.5 and 8.3 cM, respectively. Based on the chromosomal locations of these markers and the test of Chinese Spring （CS） nullitetrasomic and ditelosomic lines, the gene was assigned to chromosome 6D. According to the origin and the chromosomal location, YrH9020a might be a new resistance gene to stripe rust. The lfanking markers linked to YrH9020a could be useful for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.     

中梁12小麦抗条锈病基因遗传分析与SSR分子定位

中梁12具有抗逆性强、适应性广、抗条锈性强等许多优良的生物学特性。为明确其抗条锈性及遗传规律,利用当前流行的中国条锈菌小种CYR30对抗病品种中梁12与感病品种铭贤169及其杂交后代代F1、F2、F3和BC1代进行苗期抗条锈性遗传分析,并对其抗条锈基因进行SSR分子标记。结果表明,中梁12对CYR30小种具有良好的抗性,由1对显性基因控制,暂命名为YrZh12。该基因与位于小麦7AL染色体上的4个SSR位点Xwmc695、Xcfd20、Xbarc121和Xbarc49连锁,其中最近的侧翼位点为Xcfd20和Xbarc121,其遗传距离分别是3.1cM和4.9cM。系谱分析YrZh12基因可能来自抗引655,由于7AL染色体上没有其他抗条锈病基因,YrZh12可能是一个抗条锈病的新基因。     

小麦条锈菌新菌系CYR34中CDK5基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

为探究细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶（Cyclin-dependent kinase 5,CDK5）在小麦条锈菌（Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici）新菌系CYR34夏孢子萌发过程的毒性作用,以天水地区小麦条锈菌新菌系CYR34夏孢子标样为试材,通过RACE克隆 CDK5基因并对其进行生物信息学分析,获得长度为706 bp,编码190个氨基酸的cDNA序列。蛋白质结构预测显示,其二级结构主要以α-螺旋为主,且具有典型的STKC激酶结构域。同源性分析显示,CDK5与小麦杆锈菌（Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici）中的CDK5亲缘关系较近。蛋白质互作数据库预测分析发现,CDK5可以与磷酸核酮糖3-差异构酶、荚膜生物合成蛋白、鸟苷酸激酶、丝氨酸/苏氨酸特异性蛋白激酶、16S rRNA 蛋白以及肌苷-5′-单磷酸脱氢酶6个蛋白互作关系;基因时序表达发现在孢子萌发0~6 h时,基因的表达量持续下调,6 h后表现为上调,萌发10 h后为对照的1.2倍,萌发14 h后基因的表达量达趋于平台期,为对照的1.36倍。综上所述,推测细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶CDK5在小麦条锈菌（CYR34）夏孢子萌发过程中参与了适应环境的信号调控。     

巨麦6号抗叶锈病基因的推导和分子定位

巨麦6号在田间表现出很好的抗叶锈性,鉴定其抗叶锈病基因对小麦抗叶锈病育种具有重要意义。在小麦苗期对36个含有已知抗叶锈病基因的对照品种和巨麦6号接种15个中国小麦叶锈菌小种进行抗叶锈病鉴定,推导巨麦6号中可能含有的抗叶锈病基因。以巨麦6号为抗病亲本与感病品种郑州5389进行杂交、自交获得F1、F2代群体,苗期利用叶锈菌小种FHBQ接种F2代群体进行抗叶锈病遗传分析。结果表明,巨麦6号中可能含有已知抗叶锈病基因Lr1,其抗叶锈性由1对显性的抗病基因控制。利用与Lr1共分离的STS标记WR003进一步检测F2单株DNA,结果显示,该标记与抗叶锈病基因共分离,进一步证实巨麦6号携带已知抗叶锈病基因Lr1。     

4个小麦—柔软滨麦草易位系苗期抗条锈基因的遗传分析

旨在开发和利用柔软滨麦草的基因,丰富小麦抗条锈基因库。利用小麦条锈菌流行小种CYR32和CYR33对M851-1、M8724-1、M8725-2和M8657-2 4个小麦-柔软滨麦草易位系进行苗期抗条锈性遗传分析。结果表明,M851-1对CYR32的抗条锈性由1对隐性基因控制;M8724-1对CYR32的抗条锈性由2对隐性基因独立作用控制,对CYR33的抗条锈性由1对隐性基因控制;M8725-2对CYR32的抗条锈性由2对显性基因互补作用控制,对CYR33的抗条锈性由1显1隐2对基因独立控制;M8657-2对CYR32的抗条锈性由1对隐性基因控制,对CYR33的抗条锈性由2对显性基因独立作用控制。研究结果初步明确这4个小麦-柔软滨麦草易位系抗条锈性遗传规律,有助于进一步利用这些易位系进行小麦抗条锈病育种。     

80份国外春小麦种质资源抗条锈性评价

【目的】小麦条锈病是由小麦条锈菌（Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici,Pst）引起的世界范围内小麦重要病害之一,培育和种植抗病品种是控制该病害的最有效策略。评价80份国外春小麦种质资源对中国当前小麦条锈菌流行小种的抗条锈性,为中国小麦抗条锈病育种提供依据和抗源。【方法】应用中国流行小麦条锈菌生理小种CYR29、CYR31、CYR32、CYR33以及致病类型PST-HY8和PST-V26对80份国外小麦种质资源进行苗期温室抗病性鉴定,以铭贤169和AvS为感病对照品种;并于2013年和2014年分别在陕西省杨凌和甘肃省天水进行田间成株期抗病性鉴定。根据苗期和田间成株期的抗病性鉴定结果对其进行抗病类型分类和评价。【结果】80份小麦种质资源的抗病类型可分为3类。第1类为全生育期抗病类型,有8份。其中PI660067、PI660119和PI660122在苗期和田间成株期均表现较高水平的抗病性。其余5个品系PI660056、PI607839、PI591045、TA5602和PI660064在苗期则对个别小种表现感病,并且在不同年份和不同测试地点成株期也表现感病。第2类为成株抗病类型,有28份。其苗期对所有测试小种均表现感病,有23份在田间成株期均表现抗病。但PI660075、PI660083、PI660085、PI660097和PI660107在不同年份和不同测试地点成株期表现感病。第3类为兼具成株期和对部分中国小种失去抗性的全生育期抗病类型,有44份,其苗期至少对一个测试小种表现抗病。有37份在田间成株期均表现抗病。但PI660065、PI660076、PI660079、PI660080、PI660095、PI660096和PI610750在不同年份和不同测试地点成株期表现感病。【结论】80份国外小麦种质资源中大部分对中国小麦条锈菌流行小种表现优良的抗病性。这些种质资源可作为抗源在今后抗病育种中加以利用,将丰富中国小麦抗条锈病基因的多样性。可能由于不同年份田间流行小种不同,造成一些成株抗病品系在不同年份和不同测试地点表现感病,由此推测成株抗病性可能也具有小种专化性。     

基于亲本对条锈病敏感性预测小麦杂交种的抗性

【目的】通过亲本条锈病的抗性评价预测F1代杂交种的抗病性,增强杂交小麦抗病育种的可预见性。【方法】以CYR23、CYR31、CYR33、CYR34 4个小麦条锈菌(Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici)生理小种作为供试菌源,感病小麦品种铭贤169作为阴性对照,通过成株期混合接种,对13份恢复系(父本)材料和21份不育系(母本)材料及其F1代杂交种进行抗病性鉴定,并利用Yr5、Yr9、Yr10、Yr15、Yr17、Yr18、Yr26等抗条锈基因的分子标记或基因标记对其可能携带的抗条锈基因进行分子检测。同时通过半定量PCR方法在亲本及部分F1代植株的成株期进行条锈菌侵染量测定。【结果】所有材料均未鉴定到Yr5、Yr10、Yr15,Yr26多存在于四川品系,Yr9、Yr17多存在于北方品系,本研究所有恢复系材料均未鉴定到Yr18。亲本抗条锈基因在F1代杂交种得到了聚合,符合遗传规律,表明分子标记可以用于杂交小麦抗病辅助选育。来自四川的恢复系及其F1代杂交种整体表现优良抗性,推测其具有纯合显性的抗条锈基因,同时,这些小麦材料可以用于我国小麦抗条锈育种。F1代的...     

52个重要小麦品种抗条锈基因的推导

根据对 13个具有不同毒性基因组合的条锈菌系的反应,采用基因推导方法,分析 52个重要小麦品种(系)所携带的抗条锈基因。结果表明:在已知的 19个抗条锈基因中,Yr1、Yr2、Yr6、Yr7、Yr8、Yr9、Yr11、Yr12、Yr17、Yr18、Yr24和Avocet12个基因以单基因或基因组合的形式分布在 28个小麦品种 (系 )中;携带Yr11基因的小麦品种最多,有 17个,携带Yr2、Yr6和Yr17基因的小麦品种各有 15个;抗源品种 92R137、92R149等可抵抗包括当前流行小种在内的所有供试条锈菌系,正在大面积种植的品种如陕 160、济南 17、烟 188、烟 361等感染所有的菌系,由此推导它们不含任何已知抗条锈基因。培育和推广具有有效抗条锈基因的新品种迫在眉睫。该文还讨论了基因推导的局限性。     

小麦品系西农1163-4抗叶锈病基因的遗传分析和分子作图#br#

【目的】小麦品系西农1163-4高抗小麦叶锈、条锈和白粉病,综合农艺性状良好。明确该小麦品系中所含的抗叶锈病基因及遗传特点,找到与其紧密连锁的分子标记,有利于抗病基因利用和培育抗病新品种。【方法】将西农1163-4与感病品种Thatcher杂交,获得F1、F2代群体,利用中国叶锈菌优势小种THTT进行苗期抗性鉴定和抗性遗传分析;采用SSR技术对西农1163-4所携带的抗叶锈基因进行分子标记研究,共筛选了1 273对SSR引物。【结果】小麦品系西农1163-4对多个叶锈菌小种具有良好的抗病性,对THTT的抗性是由1个显性基因控制,该基因暂命名为LrXi。获得了与LrXi紧密连锁的3个微卫星分子标记Xbarc8、Xgwm582、Xwmc269和1个STS标记(ω-secali/Glu-B3),将LrXi定位于小麦1BL染色体上。距离最近的2个微卫星位点是Xgwm582、Xbarc8,与抗叶锈基因间的遗传距离分别为2.3 cM和3.2 cM。【结论】LrXi位于1BL染色体,抗叶锈表现不同于所有已知抗叶锈病基因,该基因的发现将有利于丰富中国抗叶锈病基因资源,为培育持久抗病品种奠定基础。     

小麦抗条锈病基因对中国条锈菌主要流行小种的抗性分析

[目的]培育和广泛应用抗病小麦品种是防治条锈病最经济有效和环境友好的措施.由于条锈菌(Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici,Pst)群体中毒性变异频繁,发生新生理小种常导致主栽品种抗病性'丧失',引发条锈病大规模流行,严重威胁我国主粮安全供给.本研究通过监测和评价已知抗条锈病基因对我国目前...     

小麦品种成株期抗条锈性表达生育期的研究

 对5个携带不同成株期抗性的小麦品种在温室和田间成株期抗病性的研究表明，Chuanyu 12在温室条件下表现感病到中度感病，而在田间表现抗病；携带慢锈性抗性的品种Weebill在温室和田间都表现中度抗病；携带Yr18和2~3个微效抗性基因的品种Chpaio, Tukuru 和 Saar，在温室和田间都表现高度抗病。在温室条件下，对在不同生育期5个抗病品种的反应型和潜育期的研究表明，反应型在分蘖期开始降低，而潜育期随着生育期的发展表现延长。虽然田间严重度和温室反应型、潜育期之间有良好的相关性，成株期抗性的鉴定仍最好在田间进行。     

Study of the Adult-Plant Resistance at Different Growth Stages to Stripe Rust in Wheat

Components of resistance were investigated for five adult-plant resistant (APR) wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars at six growth stages and two temperatures in the greenhouse, and disease progress in a field trial. Chinese cultivar Chuanyu 12displayed high to intermediate infection type (IT) in the greenhouse but was highly resistant in the field. Weebill showed an intermediate IT in the greenhouse and also in the field. Chpaio, Tukuru and Saar, known to carry combinations of Yr18and 2-3 additional minor genes, were highly resistant in both experiments. Greenhouse experiments indicated that the lower IT of APR cultivars initiated at tillering stage. Latent periods (LP) for APR cultivars were generally longer as the growth stage progressed. We conclude that APR to stripe rust can be best characterized in field trials although significant correlations are seen between field severity and IT and LP measured in the greenhouse.     

2个小麦品种抗条锈基因遗传分析

采用常规杂交方法,以重要小麦条锈菌鉴别寄主Heineskolben和StrubaDickkopf与冬性小麦感病品种铭贤169杂交、自交和回交,获F1、F2和BC1代种子,根据条锈菌系的毒性谱,选用2E16单孢菌系,在铭贤169上繁殖。苗期抗性鉴定在人工控制的环境中进行。当麦苗第一片叶全展大约7cm时,用扫抹法接种,置于(9±2)℃接种间内黑暗保湿24h后转入低温温室内(温度为昼15~19℃,夜10~14℃)潜育发病,待感病品种铭贤169充分发病时调查侵染型,苗期抗性鉴定,并进行卡方检验,结果表明:供试品种Heineskolben对条锈菌生理小种2E16的抗性由两对隐性互补基因控制;StrubaDickkopf对小种2E16的抗性由一对显性基因控制。