Identification of long-grain chromosome segment substitution line Z744 and QTL analysis for agronomic traits in rice

Length of grain affects the appearance, quality, and yield of rice. A rice long-grain chromosome segment substitution line Z744, with Nipponbare as the recipient parent and Xihui 18 as the donor parent, was identified. Z744 contains a total of six substitution segments distributed on chromosomes(Chrs.) 1, 2, 6, 7, and 12, with an average substitution length of 2.72 Mb. The grain length, ratio of length to width, and 1 000-grain weight of Z744 were significantly higher than those in Nipponbare. The plant height, panicle number, and seed-set ratio in Z744 were significantly lower than those in Nipponbare, but they were still 78.7 cm, 13.5 per plant, and 86.49%, respectively. Furthermore, eight QTLs of different traits were identified in the secondary F2 population, constructed by Nipponbare and Z744 hybridization. The grain weight of Z744 was controlled by two synergistic QTLs(qGWT1 and q GWT7) and two subtractive QTLs(qGWT2 and qGWT6), respectively. The increase in the grain weight of Z744 was caused mainly by the increase in grain length. Two QTLs were detected, qGL1 and qGL7-3, which accounted for 25.54 and 15.58% of phenotypic variation, respectively. A Chi-square test showed that the long-grain number and the short-grain number were in accordance with the 3:1 separation ratio, which indicates that the long grain is dominant over the short-grain and Z744 was controlled mainly by the principal effect qGL1. These results offered a good basis for further fine mapping of qGL1 and further dissection of other QTLs into single-segment substitution lines.     

水稻CSSL-Z481代换片段携带的穗部性状QTL分析及次级代换系培育

【背景】粮食安全是保障国家安全的重要基础,水稻是人民赖以生存的主要粮食作物,提高其产量是重要的育种目标。水稻产量由每株有效穗数、每穗实粒数和粒重等性状构成,其中,粒重与籽粒形状、充实程度等密切相关。但这些性状都是由多基因控制,遗传基础复杂。染色体片段代换系(CSSL)可将这些复杂性状的QTL较准确地分解为单个孟得尔因子研究,且与育种工作紧密衔接,因而是理想的遗传研究和育种材料。【目的】前期以4代换片段的水稻染色体片段代换系Z481精细定位了一个易落粒基因SH6,但Z481与受体日本晴间还存在多个显著差异的穗部性状。明晰控制这些差异性状的QTL在代换片段上如何分布,并分解为单片段代换系,对目标QTL的图位克隆及应用于水稻分子设计育种有重要应用价值。【方法】利用受体亲本日本晴与Z481杂交构建的次级F₂分离群体以SAS9.3统计软件的混合线性模型(mixed linear model,MLM)法进行穗部性状QTL定位(P<0.05),然后,根据基因型和表型,从F₂选择42个单株在F₃株系利用MAS法培育单片段及双片段代...     

日本晴/中嘉早17重组自交系产量性状QTL定位

【目的】对产量相关性状进行多年、多环境的QTL分析,寻找能够稳定遗传的产量性状主效QTL,剖析超级早籼稻中嘉早17的高产机理,为选育高产新品种提供有用信息。【方法】以日本晴×中嘉早17构建的重组自交系群体为研究材料。筛选亲本间多态性SSR标记,对群体各家系进行基因型分析,利用Mapmarker/exp 3.0构建分子遗传连锁图谱。群体于2015—2016年,两地三季种植于杭州、海南和杭州,成熟期考察有效穗数、每穗粒数、单株产量、结实率、千粒重、粒长、粒宽和粒厚等产量相关性状。运用Windows QTL Cartographer 2.5检测产量相关性状QTL,运用QTL Network 2.2检测QTL与环境互作效应。【结果】构建的连锁图谱共包含163对SSR标记,73%的标记父母本基因型比例符合1﹕1理论分离比,23%标记显著偏分离,主要偏向父本中嘉早17,图谱总图距约1 479.4 cM,标记间平均距离约为9.08 c M。3个环境下共检测到46个QTL,分布于除第11染色体外的其他染色体上,贡献率变幅为3.78%—25.45%。共有10个QTL在3个环境下能被重复检测到,分别是控制有效穗数的qEP1、qEP2、qEP4a,控制每穗粒数的qNGPE1、qNGPE7,控制结实率的q SRT7,控制千粒重的q TGW2,控制粒长的qGL3和qGL9,控制粒宽的q GW2b;其中qEP1、qEP2、qNGPE7、qTGW2和q GW2b的增效等位来自亲本日本晴;而qEP4a、qNGPE1、qSRT7、qGL3和qGL9的增效等位来自亲本中嘉早17;除此之外,所检测到的每穗粒数、结实率、粒长和单株产量QTL中大部分增效等位基因均来自中嘉早17。产量性状与环境互作分析显示,控制每穗粒数qNGPE1和qNGPE7、控制结实率的q SRT1a和q SRT7、控制单株产量的q YPP1和q YPP7等6个QTL与环境互作效应显著或极显著。此外,在第1、2、7染色体某区段多个与产量相关的QTL成簇分布。【结论】以日本晴×中嘉早17构建的重组自交系群体连锁图谱具有丰富的多态性标记,覆盖水稻基因组的93.64%,可较好地满足水稻重要农艺性状QTL定位要求。利用该套群体检测到多个产量相关性状QTL,其中,多数控制每穗粒数、结实率、粒长和单株产量的QTL的增效等位基因均来自中嘉早17。该结果与中嘉早17的每穗粒数、结实率、单株产量、千粒重和粒长等性状显著明显优于日本晴的结果一致,这些产量增效QTL可能是中嘉早17高产、稳产的遗传基础。     

盐胁迫下OsDSR2RNAi转基因水稻的主要农艺性状分析

为探究盐胁迫下 OsDSR2 抑制表达后对水稻主要农艺性状和产量的影响,进一步阐明 OsDSR2 参与调控水稻耐盐机制,以野生型植株中花11(ZH11)和 OsDSR2 RNAi转基因水稻不同株系DR14和DR20为试验材料,植株幼穗分化期进行0.15mol/L盐胁迫处理,待植株完熟后测定穗长、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数、结实率、单株穗数、单株粒质量、千粒质量等主要农艺性状,并进行相关性和主成分分析。结果表明,盐胁迫后 OsDSR2 RNAi转基因水稻的单株穗数、结实率均显著高于野生型ZH11,正常条件下, OsDSR2 RNAi转基因水稻单株粒质量均显著低于野生型ZH11,盐胁迫后二者均降低但无显著性差异。与正常条件下相比,盐胁迫处理后 OsDSR2 RNAi转基因植株的千粒质量与每穗实粒数呈显著负相关性,单株粒质量与穗长、结实率、千粒质量呈负相关性,单株穗数与穗长、结实率呈负相关性,单株粒质量与每穗总粒数呈正相关性;结实率与穗长、每穗总粒数呈负相关性。盐胁迫处理后 OsDSR2 RNAi转基因水稻第一、二主成分中,分别是单株粒质量和结实率特征向量最大。综上,盐胁迫下 OsDSR2 的抑制表达主要通过抑制水稻植株的单株穗数、结实率和单株粒质量的降低,协调单株粒质量与单株穗数、结实率、千粒质量的关系以及结实率与千粒质量、单株穗数的关系,从而调控盐胁迫下水稻的产量。     

水稻籼爪交重组自交系穗部性状变异分析

为研究四川水稻高产理想株系穗部性状的遗传特性,并筛选出高产且综合农艺性状好的新材料,利用籼稻CG133R与爪哇稻22号构建的重组自交系(RIL)群体,对其单株有效穗、一次枝梗数、穗长、每穗着粒数和千粒重等9个性状的遗传变异进行考查和相关性分析;对其单株产量与各农艺性状进行逐步回归分析与通径分析;对单株产量位列前8名的优系分析其穗部性状表现,并根据单株产量高低分成2组深入进行性状间的相关分析。结果表明,RIL群体穗部性状上发生了极广泛的变异。逐步回归分析和通径分析发现,水稻单株产量的主要贡献因素为有效穗实粒数千粒重。经过对其优系分析,初步确立四川稻区高产理想株系穗部性状的指标为有效穗数7~9个、一次枝梗数18~20个、穗长27.0~30.0cm、着粒数320粒、实粒数290粒、着粒密度120粒/10cm、结实率81%~92%、千粒重20.0~27.0g。进一步对RIL群体中单株产量位列前4名的株系分析发现,其有效穗数和着粒数呈显著正相关(P0.001)。表明打破了有效穗数和着粒数间的不利连锁关系,出现了优良变异。这些优系可作为新种质进行深入分析和利用。     

过表达类光捕获蛋白3降低水稻籽粒中三烯生育酚含量

类光捕获蛋白3 (Light harvesting like protein 3, LIL3) 是光捕获复合物蛋白超家族 (Light harvesting complex, LHC) 的一员, 其特征是存在一个保守的 LHC motif 序列. 水稻 (Oryza sativa L.) LIL3 参与叶绿素、生育酚侧链的生物合成. 维生素 E 包括生育酚和三烯生育酚2种, 是一类重要的脂溶性化合物, 具有抗氧化活性. 为了探究 LIL3对水稻籽粒维生素E 含量的影响, 在日本晴（Oryza Sativa spp. Japonica.）中过表达 LIL3，得到了稳定的转基因株系. 分别对野生型和过表达植株穗长、每穗粒数、粒长、粒宽以及籽粒中的维生素 E 含量做了分析. 结果表明: 与野生型相比, LIL3过表达植株的穗长、粒长和粒宽没有明显变化, 每穗籽粒数略有所下降. 籽粒中三烯生育酚含量降低.     

水稻第6染色体短臂产量性状QTL簇的分解

【目的】将水稻第6染色体短臂上产量性状QTL分解到更小的区间中。【方法】从珍汕97B/密阳46重组自交系群体筛选到针对第6染色体短臂RM587-RM19784区间的剩余杂合体,衍生了一个由221个株系组成的F2:3群体,种植于海南和浙江两地,考察每株穗数、每穗实粒数、每穗总粒数、千粒重、结实率和单株产量,建立SSR标记连锁图,应用Windows QTL Cartographer 2.5检测QTL。【结果】在所分析的6个性状中,除穗数外在第6染色体短臂上的目标区间均检测到QTL,分别座落于目标区域中3个以上的不同区间中,单个QTL对群体性状表型变异的贡献率为6.3%～35.2%;控制产量构成因子的QTL基本以加性作用为主,但3个单株产量QTL的显性度分别为1.65、0.84和0.42。【结论】目标区间存在3个以上的产量性状QTL,且同一区间控制不同性状的QTL、不同区间控制同一个性状的QTL在遗传作用模式、效应方向和效应大小上存在一定差异。     

Higher leaf area through leaf width and lower leaf angle were the primary morphological traits for yield advantage of japonica/indica hybrids

The yield potential of japonica/indica hybrids (JIH) has been achieved over 13.5 t ha⁻¹ in large-scale rice fields, and some physiological traits for yield advantage of JIH over japonica inbred rice (JI) and indica hybrid rice (IH) were also identified. To date, little attention has been paid to morphological traits for yield advantage of JIH over JI and IH. For this reason, three JIH, three JI, and three IH were field-grown at East China (Ningbo, Zhejiang Province) in 2015 and 2016. Compared with JI and IH, JIH had 14.3 and 20.8% higher grain yield, respectively, attributed to its more spikelets per panicle and relatively high percentage of filled grains. The advantage in spikelets per panicle of JIH over JI and IH was shown in number of grains on the upper, middle, and lower branches. Compared with JI and IH, JIH had higher leaf area through leaf width and lower leaf angle of upper three leaves, higher leaf area index and leaf area per tiller at heading and maturity stages, higher stem weight per tiller and K and Si concentrations of stem at maturity, higher dry matter weight in leaf, stem, and panicle at heading and maturity stages, and higher biomass accumulation after heading and lower biomass translocation from stem during ripening. Leaf width of upper three leaves were correlated positively, while leaf angle of upper three leaves were correlated negatively with biomass accumulation after heading, stem weight per tiller, and per unit length. Our results indicated that the grain yield advantage of JIH was ascribed mainly to the more spikelets per panicle and relatively high percentage of filled grains. Higher leaf area through leaf width and more erect leaves were associated with improved biomass accumulation and stem weighing during ripening, and were the primary morphological traits underlying higher grain yield of JIH.     

四川中籼中熟杂交水稻产量与主要经济性状的分析

通过对1996—2005年四川省中籼中熟杂交水稻区试试验86个组合的116组数据进行相关和通径分析,结果表明,每穗总粒数与每穗实粒数,结实率与产量均成极显著正相关,有效穗对产量的贡献最大,但由于有效穗数通过穗粒数的间接副作用较大,所以有效穗数太大对提高产量反而不利。笔者认为,四川中籼中熟杂交水稻高产应在保证一定穗数的基础上,主攻每穗实粒数,同时兼顾提高千粒重,协调好性状之间的关系。其单产9.0t/hm2的产量构成因素是:有效穗数265～270万/hm2,每穗总粒数180～200粒,结实率大于84%,千粒重27～29g。     

Combined effect of shading time and nitrogen level on grain filling and grain quality in japonica super rice

There is limited information about the combined effect of shading time and nitrogen(N) on grain filling and quality of rice. Therefore, two japonica super rice cultivars, Nanjing 44 and Ningjing 3, were used to study the effect of shading time and N level on the characteristics of rice panicle and grain filling as well as the corresponding yield and quality. At a low N level(150 kg N ha~(–1), 150 N), grain yield decreased(by 21.07–26.07%) under the treatment of 20 days of shading before heading(BH) compared with the no shading(NS) treatment. These decreases occurred because of shortened panicle length, decreased number of primary and secondary branches, as well as the grain number and weight per panicle. At 150 N, in the treatment of 20 days of shading after heading(AH), grain yield also decreased(by 9.46–10.60%) due to the lower grain weight per panicle. The interaction of shading and N level had a significant effect on the number of primary and secondary branches. A high level of N(300 kg N ha~(–1), 300 N) could offset the negative effect of shading on the number of secondary branches and grain weight per panicle, and consequently increased the grain yield in both shading treatments. In superior grains, compared with 150 N NS, the time to reach 99% of the grain weight(T_(99)) was shortened by 1.6 to 1.7 days, and the grain weight was decreased by 4.18–5.91% in 150 N BH. In 150 N AH, the grain weight was 13.39–13.92% lower than that in 150 N NS due to the slow mean and the maximum grain-filling rate(GR_(mean )and GR_(max)). In inferior grains, grain weight and GR_(mean) had a tendency of 150 N NS150 N BH150 N AH. Under shaded conditions, 300 N decreased the grain weight due to lower GR_(mean) both in superior and inferior grains. Compared with 150 N NS, the milling and appearance qualities as well as eating and cooking quality were all decreased in 150 N BH and 150 N AH. Shading with the high level of 300 N improved the milling quality and decreased the number of chalky rice kernels, but the eating and cooking quality was reduced with increased chalky area and overall chalkiness. Therefore, in the case of short term shading, appropriate N fertilizer could be used to improve the yield and milling quality of rice, but limited application of N fertilizer is recommended to achieve good eating and cooking quality of rice.     

高产粳稻沈农265产量相关性状的QTL分析

利用沈农265/丽江新团黑谷的176个F2 3家系群体构建包含90个SSR标记的连锁图谱,并对穗长、每穗颖花数、每穗实粒数、着粒密度、结实率、有效穗数和千粒重等7个产量相关性状进行QTL分析。结果表明,共检测到15个控制产量性状的QTL,分布在第3、4、6、8、9以及第12染色体上。包括3个控制穗长的QTL;3个控制每穗颖花数的QTL;1个控制每穗实粒数的QTL;2个控制着粒密度的QTL;2个控制结实率的QTL;3个控制千粒重的QTL以及1个控制有效穗数的QTL。其中,主效QTL有4个,分别是qPL9,qSPP4-1,qSD9和qRG12。这些QTL将为水稻分子设计育种提供"元件",同时为阐明水稻产量相关性状分子机制提供基础信息。     

水稻籼粳亚种分化关联性状的QTL分析

亚洲栽培稻分为籼粳两个亚种,程氏形态指数法已经广泛应用于籼粳分类的研究和生产实践中,但籼粳分化相关性状的遗传基础还多不清楚.本研究以典型粳稻牡丹江8号和典型籼稻明恢63的杂交F2群体为材料,构建遗传连锁图,检测到了11个籼粳分化相关性状(稃毛长、粒长、粒宽、倒一节间长和抽穗期)的QTL.同时定位了13个与这些性状高度相关的株高、穗长和护颖长的QTL.结果表明,检测到5个控制稃毛长的QTL,最大贡献率为25.57%;4个控制穗长的QTL,总贡献率为47.13%;4个控制抽穗期的QTL,分别位于第3、第7染色体上;控制粒长和控制粒长的QTL各检测到1个,贡献率分别为38.03%、20.56%.本研究为相关性状基因的克隆打下了基础,并加深了人们对籼粳分化的认知.     

寒地水稻产量构成分析

为了明确寒地水稻品种特性,采用随机区组设计方法,对黑龙江省2010年主栽的32个水稻新品种产量进行统计分析。结果表明:穗粒数与结实率呈显著负相关,与产量呈极显著正相关。每穴穗数(分蘖力)多的品种穗粒数少,产量增加;植株高的品种每穗粒数多;穗粒数多结实率下降,产量增加。应适当减少穴穗数(分蘖数),增加穗粒数,即分蘖力中等,偏大穗的品种有利于产量提高。对产量贡献率从大到小顺序为叶宽、剑叶长、千粒重、穴穗数、株高、结实率。     

大穗型杂交粳稻产量构成因素协同特征及穗部性状

【目的】旨在探讨大穗型杂交粳稻库容构成特征及其穗部性状,探索其群体生产力增长途径。【方法】采用大田试验,以具有代表性的8个大穗型杂交粳稻品种（A18/F7562、A2/F7563、A20/F7501、A5/F9249、A2/F7513、A20/F7503、甬优8号和甬优13号）和2个中等穗型常规粳稻品种（武运粳7号和武粳15）为材料,对大穗型杂交粳稻产量构成特征、群体颖花量、库容量、穗部性状等进行系统的研究。【结果】大穗型杂交粳稻产量、群体颖花量、库容量、穗长、着粒密度、单穗重、每穗一次枝梗数、一次枝梗单枝梗着粒数、每穗一次枝梗总粒数、每穗二次枝梗数、二次枝梗单枝梗着粒数和每穗二次枝梗总粒数显著或极显著高于中等穗型常规粳稻,穗数、结实率、千粒重、一次枝梗结实率和二次枝梗结实率极显著低于中等穗型常规粳稻。随着每穗粒数的增加,大穗型杂交粳稻产量、群体颖花量、库容量和二次枝梗结实率先增后减,穗长、着粒密度、单穗重、每穗一次枝梗数、一次枝梗单枝梗着粒数、每穗一次枝梗总粒数、每穗二次枝梗数、二次枝梗单枝梗着粒数和每穗二次枝梗总粒数不断增加,穗数、结实率、千粒重、一、二次枝梗数比值、一、二次枝梗总粒数比值和一次枝梗结实率不断降低,除产量、库容量和二次枝梗结实率外其它与每穗粒数的相关均达到显著或极显著水平。每穗粒数的提高由中等穗型到偏大穗型,主要依靠一次枝梗的贡献,而由偏大穗型到大穗型以及特大穗型和超大穗型,则主要依靠二次枝梗的贡献。在满足一定穗数和具备稳定的结实率的基础上,提高千粒重,是充分利用大穗型杂交粳稻获取超高产的关键;提高群体颖花量是增加产量的基础,而提高库容量是增加产量的重点,在提高群体颖花量的同时还需兼顾千粒重的稳定。【结论】在本试验条件下,大穗型杂交粳稻每穗粒数250左右时穗粒结构合理,群体颖花量高,库容充实足,产量最理想。随着水稻品种和栽培技术的不断进步,其最适值还将可能更高。     

云南粳稻育成品种（系）主要数量性状遗传参数分析

 为探讨云南粳稻新育成品种（系）主要数量性状间的相关系数和找出合理的选择方法,对48个粳稻品种的12个数量性状进行了相关遗传力分析,并采用与单株粒重相关极显著的4个性状构建了综合选择指数方程。结果表明：株高、穗长、穗总粒数、着粒密度、剑叶角度、千粒重等性状遗传力较高,遗传变异系数较小。株高、穗长、穗实粒数与单株粒重的相关遗传力均大于单株粒重的遗传力;株高、穗长、穗实粒数、剑叶角度等性状对单株产量遗传贡献率较大。单株粒重与株高、穗长、穗实粒数3个性状构建的综合选择指数方程,相对选择效率最高。     

水稻粒厚主效位点qGT8精细定位和候选基因分析

【目的】在已鉴定的稻谷粒长、粒宽和粒厚QTL的基础上,对控制粒厚的主效QTL进行精细定位和候选基因分析,以解析川106B（C-106B）细长粒形的遗传基础,为进一步通过分子技术改良其产量水平提供科学依据。【方法】以细长粒形的优质籼稻保持系川106B与籽粒较宽厚的籼稻保持系川345B（C-345B）杂交,构建包含182个单株的F2群体,采用QTL Catographer v2.5软件基于复合区间作图法发掘与稻谷粒形性状相关的QTL;进一步从BC₃F₂群体筛选隐性单株（稻谷厚度较薄）对粒厚主效QTL（qGT8）进行精细定位,并对候选基因进行测序和荧光定量PCR分析。分别构建qGT8位点携带川106B等位基因的近等基因系（NIL-gt8^C-106B）和携带川345B等位基因的近等基因系（NIL-GT8^C-345B）并调查其稻米外观品质及产量性状。【结果】川106B和川345B的粒长、粒宽和粒厚表型存在显著差异。利用F₂群体检测到2个粒长QTL、3个粒宽QTL和3个粒厚QTL,其中,位于第7染色体区间RM21892-RM3589的粒长主效QTL（qGL7）可解释粒长变异的68.23%,川106B等位基因在该位点可增加粒长0.47 mm。控制稻谷粒宽和粒厚的主效QTL（qGW8和qGT8）位于第8染色体上相同区间RM6070-RM447,分别解释相应表型变异的26.48%和34.89%,增加粒宽或粒厚的等位基因均来自于川345B。利用1 732个BC₃F₂隐性单株,将粒厚主效位点qGT8精细定位在标记SG930和SG950间的11.2 kb区段,该区段仅包含1个注释基因LOC_os08g41940（OsSPL16）。对该基因测序分析发现,川106B和川345B在起始密码子ATG上游2 kb区段存在7个差异位点,在编码区有5个多态性位点,其中,川106B在第3外显子插入2 bp（c.1006_1007 插入CT）引起移码突变,且位于qGT8的OsmiR156结合位点,推测为川106B籽粒厚度变薄、宽度变细的关键位点。实时荧光定量PCR分析发现,qGT8在幼穗中表达量较高,且在川106B和川345B中的表达方式相似,表达量在1-8 cm长幼穗发育时期随幼穗发育逐渐增加,8 cm时达到最高,之后随幼穗发育逐渐降低,但2个亲本在各时期的表达水平存在差异。近等基因系NIL-GT8^C-345B的粒厚、粒宽、千粒重、单株产量和垩白粒率显著高于NIL-gt8^C-106B,而粒长、透明度、株高、单株有效穗数、穗长、每穗实粒数、结实率和播抽期与NIL-gt8^C-106B相当。【结论】控制粒长的主效QTL（qGL7）位于第7染色体区间RM21892-RM3589,控制粒宽和粒厚的主效QTL位于第8染色体的相同区间RM6070-RM447。粒厚主效QTL（qGT8）被精细定位在仅包含GW8的片段上,是控制粒形和产量的关键基因,但在近等基因系中高粒重与高垩白紧密连锁,表明该位点存在高产与外观品质改良的矛盾。     

Quantitative Trait Loci for Panicle Size and Grain Yield Detected in Interval RM111-RM19 784 on the Short Arm of Rice Chromosome 6

A rice residual heterozygous line （RHL） carrying a heterozygous segment extending from RM111 to RM19784 on the short arm of rice chromosome 6 was selected from a RHL-derived population used previously. The resultant F2：3 population was used to detect quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for three yield traits, the number of spikelets per panicle （NSP）, the number of grains per panicle （NGP） and grain yield per plant （GY）. Two QTLs for NSP, one QTL for NGP and one QTL for GY were detected, all of which were partially dominant and had the enhancing alleles from the maternal line Zhenshan 97B. Analysis based on the genotypic groups of the markers closely linked to the two QTLs for NSP indicated that they did not interact with each other. Two F2 populations and two near isogenic line （NIL） sets segregating in two sub-regions of interval RM111-RM19784 were developed. The two QTLs for NSP were validated, of which one had major effect and was co-segregated with heading date gene Hdl, and the other had smaller effect and was located in an upper region linked to Hdl. The two regions also showed significant effects on the number of filled grain and grain yield, although the effect on the number of filled grain was less consistent.     

湖北省小麦高产育种途径探讨

分析了１９９２￣１９９６年参加湖北省小麦良种试验的２４个品种的产量性状,结果表明：在高产品种产量构成要素中,各性状对产量贡献顺序为穗粒数（Ｘ１）〉千粒重（Ｘ２）〉有效穗（Ｘ３）,株高,生育期对产量也有影响。提出对湖北省小麦高产有效途径应以多粒型品种为主,具体要求：有效穗２５．７万／６６６．７ｍ＾２,穗粒数３６．７粒,千粒重３９．１ｇ,株高９４ｃｍ,生育期１９９ｄ,同时注意多抗性与广适性。     

Genetic Analysis and Mapping of an Enclosed Panicle Mutant Locus esp1 in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

A mutant was isolated from the M2 of 60Co-γ ray mutagenized male-fertility restorer line Zao-R974 in rice. The mutant showed pleiotropic phenotypes including dwarfism, delayed heading time, short and partially enclosed panicles, short uppermost internode, decreased grain and secondary branch numbers per panicle, and partially degenerated spikelets. The mutant was named as esp1 (enclosed shorter panicle 1). Genetic analysis indicated that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a recessive locus. Spraying exogenous GA3 did not rescue the panicle enclosure. Using an F2 and a BC1 population of the cross between esp1 and a japonica cultivar Nipponbare, we mapped the ESP1 locus to a region of ～260 kb on chromosome 11. This result provides a basis for further map-based cloning of the ESP1 locus.     

氮肥调控对粳稻穗部性状的影响

在总施氮量300.00kg/hm2的条件下,采用基蘖肥与穗肥不同的配比,研究了氮肥调控对粳稻穗型的影响。结果表明,基蘖肥氮与穗肥氮配比为6∶4的处理,千粒重和一、二次枝梗的饱粒数最多,强弱势粒质量均大于其他处理。单穗总粒数与一、二次枝梗数和粒数呈极显著正相关,与二次枝梗着粒数呈极显著负相关,与二次枝梗结实率呈显著负相关,单穗实粒数与一次枝梗饱粒数呈极显著正相关,与一次枝梗粒数和着粒数呈显著正相关,单穗结实率与一、二次枝梗数呈显著负相关,与一、二次枝梗结实率呈显著正相关,与二次枝梗粒数呈极显著负相关;穗型指数与单株穗数呈极显著负相关,与穗粒数呈显著正相关;着实粒密度与穗粒数呈显著负相关。