水稻强化栽培体系

水稻强化栽培体系（SRI0是一种新的高产栽培方法，首先在马达加斯加提出和应用，取得了成倍的增产效果，近年来，在印尼、菲律宾等国以及我国都在进行试验，初步显示了较大的增产潜力。对SRI这一新的栽培体系的主要方面作了简要介绍。     

杂交水稻强化栽培穗粒结构特点研究

以3个杂交稻组合为材料,在大田条件下研究了杂交稻强化栽培的穗粒结构特点.结果表明,与常规栽培相比,杂交稻强化栽培单株个体发育充分,成穗率高;有效穗组成发生重大变化,主茎穗和一次分蘖穗在有效穗中的比重下降,二次分蘖穗比重提高;其主茎穗和各位、次分蘖穗的经济性状均优于常规栽培.强化栽培水稻不同来源有效穗对产量的贡献大小也与常规栽培有明显不同.     

强化栽培条件下施肥对杂交水稻主要米质性状的影响

以优质杂交水稻组合D优3232为材料,应用四元二次正交回归旋转组合设计的方法,研究了强化栽培条件下不同氮肥、磷肥、钾肥和硅肥用量配比对主要稻米品质性状直链淀粉含量、垩白粒率和整精米率的影响,建立了主要米质性状与4种肥料用量的回归模型。结果表明,在本试验条件下,磷肥用量是影响直链淀粉含量、垩白粒率、整精米率的主要因素,氮肥与硅肥对直链淀粉含量、垩白粒率以及磷肥与硅肥对垩白粒率均具有显著的互作效应。最佳氮、磷、钾、硅肥组合方案为：尿素171.60-195.90kg/hm^2、过磷酸钙283.35-393.30kg/hm^2、氯化钾102.30-122.70kg/hm^2、硅肥138.30-158.33kg/hm^2;按此施肥方案,在强化栽培条件下,D优3232的主要稻米品质性状可达到国标优质稻谷质量标准。     

超级稻品种强化栽培密度试验

针对超级稻强化栽培开展品种与密度两因素试验,结果表明,密度间插三苗比插双、单苗增产极显著,插双苗比单苗增产极显著,在所有处理中,以P88S/0293插三苗的产量为最高。表明海南北部地区早季超级稻强化栽培适当密植对高产具有很大作用。     

超级稻强化栽培几个关键技术问题的探讨

根据海南近几年推广应用水稻强化栽培技术的经验教训,就超级稻强化栽培在土壤选择、品种选择、秧龄、栽插密度、肥水管理、病虫害防治等几个方面进行了探讨。     

Evaluation of management principles and performance of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) in Bangladesh

Experiments were conducted at irrigated and rainfed lowland rice sites in Bangladesh to assess the performance of management practices that have become known as the System of Rice Intensification (SRI). At a research station, SRI management principles such as seedling age, plant spacing, application of organic manure, seedling densities, duration of planting, planting shape and time of planting were evaluated under SRI management as compared to previously established Best Management Practices (BMPs). In on-farm trials, SRI was compared with BMP on 40 farmers’ fields. Nutrient inputs and water management in BMP and SRI treatments were kept at comparable levels. Seedling age, ranging from just sprouted seed to 40-day-old seedlings, had no effect on grain yield in the winter season. In a plant spacing experiment subject to SRI, the highest and lowest grain yields of 7.82 and 5.41 t ha⁻¹ were obtained with spacing of 25 cm × 15 cm (narrow) and 40 cm × 40 cm (wide), respectively. In SRI, seedling density (1–2 seedlings per hill), planting durations (≤15 min to 1–3 h after uprooting) or root placement (L-shape and J-shape) had no effect on grain yield. With regard to time of planting, the highest grain yields were observed with transplanting in the 3rd week of December, with no difference between SRI and BMP management systems. In on-farm trials, BMP gave significantly higher grain yield compared to SRI and farmers’ practice in a triple-cropped area, but grain yields were similar with SRI in a double and single-cropped area when spacing was narrow. The highest profit was obtained with BMP followed by SRI and farmers’ practice in the single-cropping area. Major findings from this study are that under comparable levels of net nutrient input and water management (i) well-implemented BMPs for rice are more efficient for producing high yields than SRI and (ii) there is no intrinsic yield advantage of SRI that could be caused by its individual crop management techniques or some unknown synergism of the different SRI practices proposed.     

水稻强化栽培体系适宜移栽密度探讨

水稻强化栽培体系(SRI)不同移栽密度试验结果显示,以每公顷栽9万穴的处理产量最高,增产效应明显.增产原因是该处理具有穗数优势.     

水稻强化栽培体系在两熟制杂交中稻上的改进应用初探

针对四川盆地水稻生产实际，把水稻强化栽培体系的基本原理同国内水稻栽培新技术密切结合，形成了集免耕、超稀植、集中施肥、秸秆覆盖、湿润灌溉于一体的两熟制杂交水稻强化栽培模式。介绍了这一模式的技术要点，对其高产高效原理进行了分析。     

杂交水稻强化栽培增产效果及经济效益分析

为了探讨水稻强化栽培体系(SRI)应用于杂交水稻的可行性，进行了杂交水稻SRI与一般栽培方法的比较试验。结果表明，杂交水稻强化栽培具有明显的增产效应和经济效益。同时认为杂交水稻强化栽培的栽插密度不宜小于7．5万穴/hm^2；以选择分蘖力中等偏上、株型稍松散的组合为宜。     

杂交水稻中熟组合强化栽培体系(SRI)研究初报

在川西稻麦生态区进行水稻强化栽培体系（SRI）研究，首先要考虑结合耕作制度，选用具有较强感温性的杂交中稻中熟组合，通过迟播，旱育秧，幼龄（2叶）单苗稀植（9.0万穴/hm^2)，控水等措施，全生育期131-132d，穗粒结构合理，比相同组合常规栽培增产6.4%-16.3%。比迟熟组合汕优63的SRI栽培增产3.8%-10.5%。可扩大示范与深入研究。     

超级稻两优293强化栽培密度试验初报

在热带地区强化栽培高肥条件下,选用超级稻两优293开展密度试验,试验结果以19.8 cm×19.8 cm单苗处理的产量最高,产量达851.42kg/667m2。试验处理中单苗处理的叶面积系数、干物重的平均数除在分蘖盛期低于双苗外,在孕穗期、抽穗期和灌溉后期三个时期均高于双苗处理。     

水稻强化栽培体系不同秧龄移栽对产量的影响

水稻强化栽培体系不同秧龄试验结果显示,水稻强化栽培技术幼苗以13～18 d秧龄移栽为好,秧苗起发快,低节位分蘖多,有效穗多,穗型大,产量较高;且移栽时易操作,省工节本.     

单季稻强化高产栽培方式对稻纵卷叶螟发生的影响

为实现精准施药和农药减量控害目标,笔者于2007～2008年对浙江省天台县单季稻强化与常规两种栽培方式稻纵卷叶螟发生情况进行观察比较。结果表明,强化区与常规区稻纵卷叶螟蛾峰消长基本一致,全年共3个峰次,但蛾量略有差异,四(2)代蛾量强化区较常规区高136%,五(3)代与六(4)代蛾量强化区较常规区低24.8%和8.0%,虫苞与虫量调查,6月中下旬三(1)代强化区较常规区分别高8.3%和100%,四(2)代强化区较常规区分别低38.7%和22.3%,五(3)代强化区较常规区分别低34.6%和34.5%。     

强化栽培条件下水稻的根系特征及其与产量形成的关系

以协优527为材料，研究了强化栽培条件下水稻的根系特征及其与产量形成的关系。结果表明，与常规栽培相比，强化栽培能明显增加从分蘖至成熟各生育时期的单株根系干重，降低齐穗后根系中可溶性糖含量，提高生育后期根系的生理活性及磷含量，特别是在籽粒灌浆结实的关键时期，SRI栽培的根系伤流强度明显高于接常规栽培。因此，强化栽培可以延缓后期根系及叶片衰老，提高结实率及千粒重，进而提高产量。     

烟后稻强化栽培(SRI)优势特点及关键技术

通过对烟后稻实施强化栽培(SR I)在生育期、产量、产量结构、分蘖动态、经济效益和生态效益等方面的差异分析,以及该稻作类型使用强化栽培有关技术的研究,确立了烟后稻实行SR I是一项省工、节本、增产增效的轻简型栽培方法,总结出一套以选用良种、培育壮秧、小苗移栽、单本稀植、好气灌溉、精确施肥、综合防治等技术为核心的超高产集成技术。     

A conceptual framework for eco-friendly paddy farming in Taiwan,based on experimentation with System of Rice Intensification (SRI) methodology

This paper reviews the constraints and challenges of paddy farming in Taiwan. Based on those evidences, a set of eco-friendly rice farming practices raised by SRI principles are proposed from exploratory SRI trials conducted in Taiwan. The trials show that even with less exact leveling in the SRI field than is ideally provided, the average yield for SRI was higher than for CP; with an aerobic soil situation, the combination of biocontrol agent application and SRI management was seen to give better rice blast control; and the highest paddy yield was obtained from single-seedling transplants from potted nursery trays which protect the young seedlings’ roots from shock or twisting, compared with the planting of more numerous seedlings grown on flat nursery trays by a mechanical rice transplanter. In conclusion, a conceptual framework for eco-friendly paddy farming is formulated to encourage farmers to practice SRI principles. Among the participants in this collaboration, a co-operating group of SRI farmers is organized under investor sponsorship to guarantee the quality and safety of food, integrating an inspection service and food-source traceability from field to market with the production process. It is seen that in Taiwan, SRI principles can be adopted by local farmers without need for additional premiums through eco-friendly collaboration that can raise simultaneously the productivity of land, capital, and irrigation water. In addition, this collaboration can take advantage of increasing consumer demand for safe food with fewer chemicals and for supporting a greater level of biodiversity.     

Comparative energy and economic analyses of conventional and System of Rice Intensification (SRI) methods of rice production in Thai Nguyen Province,Vietnam

The consumption of energy inputs in agricultural production has been increasing rapidly during the past decades. However, given the limitations and costs of non-renewable energy, increasing production while using the least energy possible has become a major concern of most nations. Prompted by this concern, we conducted a face-to-face survey of 90 farming households in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam, to find out how energy is being used in agriculture and, specifically, in their rice production. Through analysis of energy input–output balances, combined with economic efficiency analysis, a comparison was made of conventional and SRI methods of rice production. The study found that applying the SRI method can save around 23% of energy inputs, while increasing energy outputs by 11%. Economic benefits per hectare also rise by more than 8 million dong (USD 364) compared to those under the conventional cultivation system. The study also showed conflicts between the energy and economic balances for manual compared with machine ploughing operations. This study contributes to providing an overview of energy consumption in rice cultivation at the household level. Its findings can help stakeholders to assess current policies and make better decisions on the uses of energy in agricultural production. In addition, the comprehensive approach taken here to analysing energy use and efficiency could expand the analysis and comparison of energy uses at sectoral or activity level—still a new field in Vietnam and many other countries.     

水稻强化栽培技术体系的探讨(2)

本文就近年来国内南方各地进行的水稻强化栽培体系研究进行了概要评述,结合本地区的水稻高产节水湿润栽培开展了对水稻强化栽培初步试验和探讨。结果表明,将该项技术与节水湿润栽培结合起来,表现出良好的增产效应。一是对降低生产成本、增加经济效益具有明显作用;二是对提高稻米品质,进行绿色有机稻米生产更具有现实意义。     

强化栽培下水稻穗分化期叶片光合速率与水分利用率的研究

 用超级杂交稻两优培九、Ⅱ优7954和国稻1号作为研究材料，比较SRI水稻穗分化期不同移栽密度叶片光合速率和水分利用率。结果表明，SRI水稻稀植后能保持一定的叶面积指数，随着移栽密度从1.95×105丛/hm2下降到0.75×105丛/hm2，群体透光率增加，各叶位(第9叶至第13叶)叶片的光合速率和水分利用率明显提高，蒸腾速率降低，抽穗整齐度下降，第9叶和第10叶的光合速率和水分利用率提高的幅度较大。在试验条件下，水稻强化栽培的产量在移栽密度为165×105丛/hm2 时最高。     

氮肥分配比例对免耕强化栽培单季晚稻的影响

试验结果表明,减少基肥、分蘖肥的施用比例,适当增加穗粒肥的施用,有利于免耕强化栽培单季晚稻产量的提高;减少前期氮肥施用比例,有利于控制中期群体,提高成穗率,增加每穗总粒数和实粒数;增加穗粒肥的施用比例,有利于提高结实率和千粒重;科学合理的氮肥施用比例,还有利于降低水稻纹枯病的发生,从而减少农药施用量,降低生产成本,也有利于保护生态环境,促进无公害稻米的生产。