湖南几种冰糖橙优株果实制汁适应性及橙汁质量的评价

采用感官指标(色泽、风味、外观等)和理化指标(可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、出汁率、可挥发精油、固酸比、维生素C等)综合评分的方法,研究了湖南洪江普通冰糖橙、洪江大果冰糖橙、麻阳大果冰糖橙和永兴大果冰糖橙鲜果(采收后短期内)和室内常温贮藏果(贮藏4个月)的制汁适应性和橙汁质量。结果表明,湖南地区几种冰糖橙鲜果均适宜制汁或可以制汁,橙汁质量优或良,且可以和不同酸度的橙汁进行调配,降低其他品种橙汁的酸度;仅麻阳大果冰糖橙果实在经过4个月的室内常温贮藏后仍可以制汁且橙汁质量良。     

渝红橙制汁适应性研究

对渝红橙、哈姆林甜橙和普通锦橙果实品质进行分析。试验结果表明,在同一采摘时间,渝红橙可溶性固形物和固酸比略高于哈姆林甜橙,明显高于锦橙;采用关键技术指标定量方法(百分制)对渝红橙和哈姆林甜橙的加工制汁性评价表明,渝红橙的制汁适应性得分为93.7分,评级为优,而哈姆林甜橙的制汁适应性得分为83.3分,评级为良。渝红橙是一个优良的制汁甜橙品种。     

夏橙生产的若干问题

(一)夏橙的基本特点甜橙是世界柑桔主要品种之一,橙汁是世界四大饮料之一。从栽培角度,甜橙可分为:(一)普通甜橙品种群,它分为两个类型:1.是带酸甜橙,如雪柑、锦橙、广柑、化州橙。2。是少酸甜橙,如柳橙、新会橙、冰糖橙。(二)脐橙品种群,如华盛顿脐橙,罗伯逊脐橙。(三)有色甜橙品种群,如路比血橙、马尔太斯血橙。(四)夏橙品种群,如伏令夏橙。改良橙应属杂种甜橙。夏橙的生长特点:夏橙的树体、叶形、     

黔阳冰糖橙、安江大红甜橙的繁殖和推广

黔阳冰糖橙、安江大红甜橙是六十年代地区园艺学会组织全区果树工作者,开展群众性柑桔选种活动中,选出的两个地方柑桔良种。 冰糖橙于1964年发现。原产黔阳县龙田公社长迹大队,有两株母本树。是一个果实皮薄、子少、肉脆、味甜的柑桔良种。大红甜橙是黔阳县安江镇普通甜橙的芽变良种,果形美观,色泽大红,鲜艳光亮,汁胞较纤细,甜酸适度,很受市场欢迎。 冰糖橙和大红甜橙,由于各具独特的经济性状。     

锦橙101、奥灵达夏橙果汁加工品质研究

1　材料与方法　　 1998～ 2 0 0 0年进行了本试验 ,选择兴山县夏橙研究所和秭归县滩乡陈家湾村分别为锦橙 10 1和奥灵达夏橙果实的采样点 ,以普通锦橙和伏令夏橙为对照品种。锦橙 10 1和普通锦橙的树龄为 14年生 ,枳砧。奥灵达夏橙和伏令夏橙的树龄 5年生 ,基砧枳 ,中间砧锦橙。每年分别在 11月下旬至 12月上旬、4月下旬采集果样 ,送华中农业大学食品生化系实验室分析可溶性固形物含量、含酸量、固酸比和出汁率等。根据国内有关柑桔果汁加工的资料 ,综合制定出甜橙非浓缩原汁优质标准指标 :果汁可溶性固形物含量≥ 10 % ,含酸量 0 6 %～…     

湖南产区甜橙果实品质分析

从湖南柑桔主产县(市)代表性柑桔生产基地果园采集12份普通甜橙(以冰糖橙为主)果实样品,17份脐橙(以纽荷尔脐橙为主)果实样品,包括13个甜橙品种,对单果质量、果实横纵径、种子数、出汁率、可食率、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、固酸比和维生素C含量等品质指标进行测定和比较分析。结果表明,冰糖橙、纽荷尔脐橙两个主栽品种在湖南各个产区果实品质性状稳定,湘南地区甜橙果实品质整体较好;卡拉卡拉脐橙、锦秀冰糖橙和橘湘元糖橙等品种的果实品质表现优异;早红脐橙、崀丰脐橙和园丰脐橙可以延长湖南脐橙的采收期。     

世界柑桔汁消费变化趋势及影响因素

柑桔汁因其优美的色泽、丰富的营养、宜人的口味与芳香，是世界上最受欢迎、贸易量最大的果汁产品之一，大约占据了世界2／3的果汁市场。按制汁原料的不同可分为甜橙汁、葡萄柚汁、柠檬汁、温州蜜柑汁等多种类型，其中甜橙汁是最重要的柑桔汁，占柑桔汁总量的95％左右。全球橙汁的生产主要集中在巴西的圣保罗和美国的佛罗里达，     

怀化地区引进外资发展特优柑桔品种

60年代黔阳选育的黔阳冰糖橙(俗称冰糖柑)、安江大红甜橙(俗称大红柑)是湖南的柑桔地方良种,多次在全国柑桔良种鉴评会或展销会上获得名次和奖励,深受国内消费者欢迎,并出口苏联等东欧国家。 1984年前,湖南省怀化地区冰糖橙、大红甜橙的生产发展缓慢。1983年全地区只有冰糖橙1.03万     

广东四个汁用甜橙良种的生长特性及果实品质分析

目前,随着新的一轮柑桔发展高峰的到来,广东柑桔业正处在加速品种结构调整的重要时期.广东现有的柑桔品种结构不合理,鲜食品种比例过大,加工品种极少,用于加工的柑桔不到1%.橙汁是风靡全球的果汁,全世界的甜橙总产量约一半用于制汁.随着人民生活水平的提高,广东对橙汁的需求量也越来越大,但汁用柑桔品种和产量的匮乏阻碍着橙汁加工业的发展.为了扩大汁用型柑桔品种的生产,笔者现将多年来搜集到的适宜广东栽种的4个汁用甜橙良种的观察、分析结果报道如下.     

美国农业部推出的几个柑桔新品种

密斯威特(Midsweet)甜橙 从霍莫萨萨(Homosassa)甜橙实生苗中选出。果实中等大小,横径约7.4厘米,纵径约7.1厘米,与其他品种混栽时,每果种子12.6粒。果实中熟,1月下旬固酸比达13:1,果皮光滑、色泽良好,果汁色泽评分比哈姆林甜橙高1.0分。树势中等。 桑斯塔(Sunstar)甜橙 果实中等大小,横径约6.9厘米,纵径约6.6厘米,与其他品种混栽时,每果种子12.1粒。果实中熟,1月中旬固酸比达13:1,     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

热处理对果蔬采后品质及病虫害的影响

采后热处理是近年来快速发展的果蔬采后处理技术,广泛应用于改善果蔬贮藏期间的品质、增强抗逆性等 方面。从果蔬贮藏期间的生理生化、采后品质及防治病虫害等方面阐述了热处理的机理,讨论了热处理对果蔬衰老 方面的生理特征如色泽、风味、硬度(软化)、失重、呼吸、乙烯释放、酶活性等变化及与抗逆性有关的诱导蛋白质合成 及基因表达的影响,较全面阐述了热处理防治果蔬贮藏期间病虫害的机理如直接作用于病菌、害虫与提高果蔬的抗 病虫性等。     

论长沙县风景名胜资源的保护与利用

为了解长沙县风景名胜资源的现状,并为长沙县风景名胜资源的保护、开发和利用提供合理的建议,对长沙县风景名胜资源开展了全面的普查分析.结果表明:长沙县共有风景资源2大类7中类29个小类,共168个景源单体.其中自然风景旖旎如画,以水景最为突出;人文景源数量众多,以名人故居为特色.建议采取以生态为基础,同时加大保护力度,构建合理的景源布局结构体系,并且逐步申报一批风景名胜区等一系列的开发和保护对策.     

文心兰RFNR的克隆、亚细胞定位及其与LFNR不同的胁迫响应机制研究

以‘小樱桃’文心兰为材料克隆了铁氧还蛋白氧化还原酶（FNR）两种类型基因RFNR（Root-type Ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase）和LFNR（Leaf-type Ferredoxin-NADP+ oxidoreductase）。生物信息学分析表明,RFNR与LFNR都属于FNR-like超家族,具有黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸（flavin adenine dinucleotide,FAD）和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide,NAD）功能结合域,在进化过程中比较保守;两种类型的FNR在氨基酸组成、蛋白结构和构型方面存在明显差异,RFNR比LFNR有更强的保守性。FNR蛋白亚细胞定位结果表明文心兰FNR蛋白都定位于叶绿体。实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,LFNR和RFNR具有器官表达特异性：LFNR更多地在叶中表达,RFNR更多地在根中表达;在软腐病胁迫下LFNR下调响应,RFNR上调响应;两种类型的FNR在盐胁迫以及高温胁迫处理时上调响应,但RFNR响应较快且强度更大;LFNR和RFNR在水杨酸（salicylic acid,SA）处理时轻微波动,茉莉酸甲酯（methyl jasmonate,MeJA）处理时呈现单峰反应。文心兰两种类型的FNR基因在不同类型的胁迫中显示相似的和有区别的表达特性,表明其具有不同的胁迫响应分子机理。     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.