毛桃木莲1年生播种苗的年生长规律及育苗技术研究

通过对毛桃木莲1年生播种苗的苗高生长规律研究,并用Logistic方程拟合其苗高生长模型.结果表明,所拟合的苗高生长曲线与实际生长曲线吻合度高,可以预测生长期内苗高生长量,为制定科学合理的育苗技术提.供依据.     

半枫荷1年生实生苗苗高生长规律研究

本研究对12个不同优树家系半枫荷1年生实生苗苗高年生长规律进行比较分析,并采用Logistic方程拟合苗高生长过程及划分生长阶段.结果表明:12个不同家系半枫荷苗木苗高生长趋势基本保持一致,均在6-9月期间增长迅速,在这之后增长逐渐减缓甚至停止;半枫荷苗木苗高生长呈现出"慢-快-慢"的生长规律;Logistic方程拟合效果显著,拟合曲线与实测曲线吻合度高,可进行苗高生长量的预测;同时可把半枫荷苗木生长期划分为4个阶段,分别为:出苗期(3月13日-4月10日)、生长初期(4月11日-6月19日)、生长盛期(6月20日-8月23日)、生长后期(8月24日-12月18日);1年生半枫荷苗木苗高平均61.0 cm,当年苗即可出圃造林.     

半枫荷1年生实生苗苗高生长规律研究

本研究对12个不同优树家系半枫荷1年生实生苗苗高年生长规律进行比较分析,并采用Logistic方程拟合苗高生长过程及划分生长阶段.结果表明:12个不同家系半枫荷苗木苗高生长趋势基本保持一致,均在6-9月期间增长迅速,在这之后增长逐渐减缓甚至停止;半枫荷苗木苗高生长呈现出"慢-快-慢"的生长规律;Logistic方程拟合效果显著,拟合曲线与实测曲线吻合度高,可进行苗高生长量的预测;同时可把半枫荷苗木生长期划分为4个阶段,分别为:出苗期(3月13日-4月10日)、生长初期(4月11日-6月19日)、生长盛期(6月20日-8月23日)、生长后期(8月24日-12月18日);1年生半枫荷苗木苗高平均61.0 cm,当年苗即可出圃造林.     

半枫荷1年生实生苗苗高生长规律研究

本研究对12个不同优树家系半枫荷1年生实生苗苗高年生长规律进行比较分析,并采用Logistic方程拟合苗高生长过程及划分生长阶段.结果表明:12个不同家系半枫荷苗木苗高生长趋势基本保持一致,均在6-9月期间增长迅速,在这之后增长逐渐减缓甚至停止;半枫荷苗木苗高生长呈现出"慢-快-慢"的生长规律;Logistic方程拟合效果显著,拟合曲线与实测曲线吻合度高,可进行苗高生长量的预测;同时可把半枫荷苗木生长期划分为4个阶段,分别为:出苗期(3月13日-4月10日)、生长初期(4月11日-6月19日)、生长盛期(6月20日-8月23日)、生长后期(8月24日-12月18日);1年生半枫荷苗木苗高平均61.0 cm,当年苗即可出圃造林.     

半枫荷1年生实生苗苗高生长规律研究

本研究对12个不同优树家系半枫荷1年生实生苗苗高年生长规律进行比较分析,并采用Logistic方程拟合苗高生长过程及划分生长阶段.结果表明:12个不同家系半枫荷苗木苗高生长趋势基本保持一致,均在6-9月期间增长迅速,在这之后增长逐渐减缓甚至停止;半枫荷苗木苗高生长呈现出"慢-快-慢"的生长规律;Logistic方程拟合效果显著,拟合曲线与实测曲线吻合度高,可进行苗高生长量的预测;同时可把半枫荷苗木生长期划分为4个阶段,分别为:出苗期(3月13日-4月10日)、生长初期(4月11日-6月19日)、生长盛期(6月20日-8月23日)、生长后期(8月24日-12月18日);1年生半枫荷苗木苗高平均61.0 cm,当年苗即可出圃造林.     

博白大果油茶1年生播种苗的年生长规律及育苗技术研究

对博白大果油茶1年生播种苗的苗高生长规律研究,并用Logistic方程拟合其苗高生长模型。结果表明,所拟合的苗高生长曲线与实际生长曲线吻合度高,可以预测生长期内苗高生长量,为制定科学合理的育苗技术提供依据。     

鄂西红豆树育苗技术及苗高生长规律研究

研究不同种子处理方式对鄂西红豆树种子发芽率的影响及其1年生苗高生长特点,运用Logistic方程拟合苗高生长模型。结果表明:鄂西红豆树种子经过打磨浸种后,出苗率可达90%;所拟合的苗高生长曲线与实际生长曲线吻合程度高,可作为育苗技术措施的依据。     

不同种源鹅掌楸一年生播种苗的年生长规律

对鹅掌楸庐山种源和金平种源一年生播种苗的苗高和地径生长进行研究,两个种源的苗高和地径生长规律符合"S"型生长曲线.可用Logistic方程拟合,同时可把生长期划分为4个阶段.庐山种源生长期按苗高生长进行划分和按地径生长进行划分有很大区别,而金平种源却相似.两个种源的地径生长在生长盛期阶段情况相似,而苗高生长在生长盛期阶段有很大差别.     

基于logistic模型的灰毛大青播种苗生长规律

采用非线性回归拟合方式对生长曲线进行logistic模型拟合,定量地模拟灰毛大青苗期生长规律。结果表明:logistic方程对灰毛大青1年生苗苗高和地径生长曲线的拟合相关性极显著,并采用数学模型来确定灰毛大青苗木生长的速生期,将生长期划分为4个时期。为育苗经验缺乏的树种育苗及幼苗管理提供了科学依据。     

伞花木1年生播种苗生长节律研究

为掌握伞花木1年生播种苗的年生长规律,为伞花木苗木的高效培育提供科学依据,本文采用Logistic生长曲线方程对伞花木1年生播种苗的苗高与地径生长进行拟合,相关系数分别为0.995和0.997,均达极显著水平.根据伞花木1年生播种苗的实际观测值建立动态生长模型,并将其播种苗1年生长过程划分为出苗期、生长初期、生长盛期、生长后期.苗高的速生期为6月中旬-8月下旬,地径速生期为6月上旬-9月上旬,地径速生期比苗高速生期提早20 d结束,地径用46.67％的生长时间完成了65.43％的生长量.1年生苗木地上部分粗壮、地下部分具深根性,其根可深达土层32.92 cm处,且侧根数量较多,分布广.     

鹅掌楸实生苗生长规律研究

对河南大别山引种鹅掌楸1年生播种苗苗高、地径的年生长变化研究表明,苗高、地径的生长规律符合“S”型生长曲线,可用Logistic方程来拟合;采用有序样本聚类分析法划分苗木的生长时期,把生长期划分为4个阶段,即出苗期(5月14日以前)、生长初期(5月15日~7月14日)、生长盛期(7月15日~9月12日)和生长后期(9月13日~11月11日);其中,生长盛期的生长量占年生长量的68.28%。并拟合了苗高、地径生长的回归方程。     

大叶栎苗期生长模型及分析

以大叶栎1年生播种苗为研究对象,利用Logistic曲线方程对其地径和苗高年生长节律进行拟合,决定系数(R2)均大于0.99,达到极显著相关,经卡方(x2)测验也表明方程具有非常高的可靠性,因此利用Logistic曲线方程对大叶栎苗期地径和苗高年生长节律进行拟合是可行的。依Logistic曲线方程上两个曲率最大的点准确地将大叶栎苗期年生长进程划分为:渐增期、速生期和缓增期,并对其不同生长时期的生长特点进行分析,以确定最佳育苗技术措施,为高效培育大叶栎优质苗木提供科学理论依据。     

Biomass and nutrient allocation in Douglas-fir and amabilis fir seedlings: influence of growth rate and temperature

Allocation of biomass and nutrients to current-year and one-year-old shoots and roots of two-year-old conifer seedlings with differing rates of growth was studied. Differences in growth rate were achieved by selecting fast- and slow-growing populations of the relatively fast- and slow-growing conifer species, Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco and Abies amabilis Dougl. ex Loud, respectively. Environmentally controlled differences in growth rate were induced by placing half of the seedlings in a 10 degrees C growth chamber and half in a 20 degrees C growth chamber in their second growing season. Seedling samples were harvested in May, before the temperature treatment, and in July and November of the second growing season, and biomass and nutrient concentrations of current-year and one-year-old shoots and roots were determined. Seedling biomass and nutrient allocation differed among the high-growth treatments. Seedlings exhibiting high growth in response to the 20 degrees C treatment and faster growing populations within species both showed increased allocation to new shoots, whereas seedlings of the fast-growing species showed greater allocation to old shoots than to new shoots. Increased growth increased nutrient uptake, but nutrient concentration decreased with growth rate as a result of dilution, so that faster-growing seedlings had greater nutrient-use efficiency than slower-growing seedlings. Retranslocation of P and K was seen in the second year only in slow-growing populations at 10 degrees C. Nutrient concentrations of one-year-old plant parts decreased in the second year, indicating new growth was a stronger sink for nutrients than second-year growth.     

Site preference and occurrence patterns of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Picea jezoensis</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Abies sachalinensis</Emphasis> on decayed logs in natural coniferous forests in Hokkaido,northern Japan

The objectives of this study were to investigate differences in the site preferences of seedlings of Picea jezoensis and Abies sachalinensis on decayed logs, and to examine the occurrence patterns of seedlings and saplings of the two species and whether they occur together or separately on logs. We characterized the habitats of 1–2-year-old seedlings of the two species on logs and examined the relationship of the two species on logs by growth stages in two plots. One plot had been disturbed about 50 years ago whereas the other had not for a long time. Although the thickness of moss and the litter layer in the habitats of 1–2-year-old seedlings were significantly different between the two species, the two species could occur together. In one study plot, seedlings and saplings of the two species occurred together. The initial occurrence pattern of the seedlings affected the occurrence patterns of the saplings on logs. The occurrence patterns of the seedlings and saplings of the two species on logs seemed to be affected by the abundance of seed trees. In the other study plot saplings of the two species occurred separately, but one species was not always competitively superior to the other species. Disturbance history affected the occurrence patterns of the saplings of the two species on decayed logs at the two study plots. Consequently, it is concluded that seed dispersal and the abundance of available logs, which are usually affected by disturbance, are significant factors in the natural regeneration of conifers in Hokkaido.     

Mortality in relation to growth rate and soil resistance varies by species for underplanted Nothofagus seedlings in scarified shelterwoods

This study evaluated early mortality patterns of planted Nothofagus dombeyi (Mirb.) Blume (evergreen, shade intolerant) and Nothofagus alpina (P. et E.) Oerst. (deciduous, mid-tolerant to shade) seedlings established in scarified gaps in a Nothofagus old-growth forest in the Chilean Andes that was subjected to a shelterwood cut. Soils were scarified with heavy machinery that removed up to 40 cm of the upper horizons (e.g. it completely removed the litter layer and organic horizon, and in some cases partially the A horizon) to eliminate bamboo (Chusquea culeou E. Desv) shoots and rhizomes from the scarified areas. Two years after planting, seedlings were growing free of understory competition and mortality patterns were assessed using logistic regression models with the following predictor variables: (1) basal diameter growth in the prior year, and (2) soil strength measured as resistance to penetration. The probability of mortality of both species was highly predictable based on recent basal diameter growth. N. dombeyi seedlings appeared to be less affected by mortality, as reflected in lower sensitivity of mortality at lower growth rates compared to N. alpina. High values of resistance to penetration (>2,000 kPa) induced a higher probability of mortality in N. alpina (up to 40 % at 3,500 kPa). In contrast, N. dombeyi mortality was not significantly influenced by soil strength, which illustrates the more stress-resistant and pioneer character of this species. This study showed that recent growth rates can be used as a predictor of future mortality, but these relationships need to be calibrated for each species. In addition, our results suggest that species characteristics that relate to resource limitations, such as shade tolerance, are not adequate to understand effects of other stressors, such as soil disturbance, on mortality patterns.     

A 10-year evaluation of the functional basis for regeneration habitat preference of trees in an African evergreen forest

The spatial distribution of tree juveniles in relation to light environments may reflect species differences in growth, survival, and functional traits and will shape the nature of forest regeneration. Long-term field experiments are important to evaluate this issue because of the potentially very long juvenile period in trees. Here, we combine a 10-year seedling survival–growth data with the results of community ordination and multivariate analyses of functional traits to ask how observed juvenile light guilds are related to species functional traits and seedling performance. We transplanted seedlings at a standardized height of 11 cm into the shaded understory and quantified their growth and survival for 10-years. Using the community-wide stem distribution data, we categorized 33 species including the focal 11 species to understory vs. gap/edge guilds. Then, we determined differences between the two guilds in seedling survival, growth, as well as seed size, adult height, and a series of leaf traits, including toughness and chemical traits (fiber, protein, phenolics, tannins, alkaloids, saponins). Among the 11 non-pioneer species whose seedlings were planted into the understory, there was no significant difference in 10-year survival between light guilds, but species in gap/edge guild tended to achieve greater height than species in the understory guild. The leaf chemical traits of 33 species did not differ between the two juvenile light guilds, but gap/edge species had smaller seeds, taller adults, and tougher leaves than understory species. We used logistic regression as a complementary approach to assess the extent to which plant traits varied between light guilds and the most parsimonious model based on AIC_c ranking included only leaf toughness and had an Akaike weight of 0.52. In addition, across the 11 species planted as seedlings, these traits were not significantly related to survivorship or growth over 10 years. A Principle Components Analysis illustrated associations among traits. We conclude that light guilds in terms of juvenile stem distribution could not be explained by long-term field performance of post-establishment seedlings alone. Earlier seedling stage or later sapling stage may be more important in differentiation of light guilds. For the species examined difference in growth rates could be linked to seed size and adult stature, but not to the adult leaf chemical traits considered. These results suggest the importance of examining ontogenetic shifts and relationships among functional traits for a better understanding of regeneration strategies of tropical trees.     

山桐子育种苗期试验初报

育苗试验结果表明，山桐子在亚热带地区能正常生长发育，其种子发芽需经过去蜡处理。在塑料薄膜棚内，约需40d才能形成幼苗。苗期生长呈慢——快——慢的曲线变化规律，11月生第趋于停止。1年生苗高78-112cm，平均86.6cm；根径1.1-1.7cm，平均1.5cm。     

Damages and growth effects after selective mechanical cleaning

An annual survey of damages and growth was conducted two and three years after selective mechanical cleaning in two Norway spruce plantations‐7 and 11–16 years old—and one 11‐year‐old lodgepole pine plantation. The base machine was a modified Bruunett Mini with a rotating disc with two short steel flails, mounted at the tip of the crane. The results show that very few damages were caused by the cleaning device. 5–8% of the seedlings were driven over or otherwise damaged by the wheels and these seedlings show high mortality and great growth reduction. In stands with 1.5–4 m high trees, the trees are often damaged when they are straddled by the machine, which causes growth and quality losses. 14–25% of the undamaged seedlings in Norway spruce stands showed a 25 % annual height growth reduction the first two years after cleaning due to soil compaction and to possible root damage.     

Water relation patterns of bare-root and container jack pine and black spruce seedlings planted on boreal cut-over sites

Water relation patterns and subsequent growth were studied on bare-root and container jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) and black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) seedlings during the first growing season on boreal cut-over sites.Containerized seedlings of both species had greater needle conductance compared to bare-root seedlings over a range of absolute humidity deficits. Needle conductance of containerized seedlings in both species remained high during periods of high absolute humidity deficits and increasing plant moisture stress. Bare-root seedlings of both species had a greater early season resistance to water-flow through the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) than container seedlings. Resistance to water flow through the SPAC decreased in bare-noot seedlings of both species as the growing season progressed, and was comparable to container seedlings 9 through 14 weeks after planting. Four weeks after field planting jack pine container seedlings had greater new root development compared to bare-root seedlings, while at the end of the summer both stock types had similar new root development. Black spruce bare-root seedlings had greater new root development compared with container seedlings throughout the growing season.     

Assessment of seedling storability of Quercus robur and Pinus sylvestris

Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings were lifted on several occasions during autumn 1997 to determine the relationships between storability and frost hardiness. On each lifting date their physiological status was determined by assessment of shoot and root electrolyte leakage and frost hardiness, assessed as freeze-induced electrolyte leakage. Additional seedlings were simultaneously cold-stored for field planting and assessment of preplanting root growth potential in April 1998. First year field performance was determined the following winter. Storability and cold acclimation patterns differed between the two species. Both were negatively affected by early lifting, but oak was less sensitive with respect to survival, and pine attained tolerance to cold storage more rapidly and earlier with respect to growth increment. The correlations between shoot frost hardiness and performance suggest that freeze-induced shoot electrolyte leakage (SEL_diff?20) below a threshold of 5% is a good storability predictor for Scots pine in Denmark. A completely reliable criterion for pedunculate oak could not be established.