瓜馥木总生物碱及3个阿朴菲类生物碱的抑菌活性研究

在室内用生长速率法测定了瓜馥木总生物碱及3个阿朴菲类生物碱对甘蔗凤梨病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌、柑橘疮痂病菌、香蕉炭疽病菌、梨黑斑病菌和梨褐斑病菌的抑菌活性。结果表明:在供试质量浓度为10g/L时,瓜馥木总生物碱对上述6种病原真菌具有很好的抑菌活性,它们的有效中浓度(EC50)分别为1.4535、1.3921、2.0200、1.9084、1.6413、2.7041g/L;从瓜馥木总生物碱分离得到的3个阿朴菲类生物碱对6种病菌均有较高的抑菌活性,其中1,2-亚甲二氧基-N-甲氧酰基-阿朴菲生物碱对6种病菌的EC50分别为0.1539、0.2334、0.1367、0.1735、0.4012、0.3168g/L。     

银杏外种皮酚酸类物质的抑菌活性

以9种植物病原真菌和10种动物病原细菌为供试菌,采用菌丝生长速率法和带药培养基涂布法,测定了银杏外种皮中酚酸类物质的抑菌活性。结果表明,酚酸类物质对9种植物病原真菌均有抑制活性,对柿角斑病菌、稻瘟病菌、梨锈病菌、玉米炭疽病菌、柑橘疮痂病菌、甘蔗凤梨病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌、梨褐斑病菌和香蕉炭疽病菌的EC50在0.665 7~19.558 0 g/L,对香蕉炭疽病菌活性最高,对稻瘟病菌活性最低。银杏外种皮酚酸类物质对10种动物病原细菌也有不同程度的抑制活性,其中对巨大芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性最高,最低抑菌浓度(MIC)均为1.25 g/L。     

假蒟甲醇提取物的抑制真菌作用

[目的]研究假蒟甲醇提取物对几种植物病原菌的抑制作用。[方法]采用生长速率法测定假蒟叶甲醇提取物对香蕉炭疽病菌等9种植物病原真菌的生物活性。[结果]假蒟叶甲醇提取物在2mg／ml的浓度下,对9种菌有一定的抑制率,对香蕉炭疽病菌、番木瓜炭疽病菌、香蕉枯萎病菌、西瓜蔓枯病菌的半数有效浓度（EC50）分别为0．7849,0．7663、0．8913、1．6425mg／ml。假蒟叶甲醇提取物的石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取组分对香蕉炭疽病菌和番木瓜炭疽病菌的活性表明,乙酸乙酯萃取物活性最高,抑制率分别为72．7％和88．3％。假蒟甲醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取物对香蕉炭疽病菌和番木瓜炭疽病菌的髓EC50分别为0．5692,0．5446mg/ml。[结论]证实假蒟叶甲醇提取物中含有具有抑真菌活性的次生物质,该物质溶于石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇等有机溶剂。     

红树植物苦郎树提取物及其活性成分对植物病原真菌的抑菌活性研究

采用活性跟踪法及色谱分离技术从红树植物苦郎树叶中分离获得2种抗菌化合物KLS -46和KLS-54,测定苦郎树甲醇提取物及2种化合物对西瓜枯萎病菌、芒果叶枯病菌、甘蔗凤梨病菌、香蕉炭疽病菌、梨黑斑病菌、梨褐斑病菌、柑橘疮痂病菌的抑菌活性.结果表明,苦郎树叶提取物对7种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性明显高于茎提取物和果提取物,10 g/L叶提取物对7种病原菌抑菌率为22.37％～100.00％.KLS-46对后5种病原菌菌丝生长的EC50值为9.79×10-3～7.88×10-2 g/L,KLS-54的EC50值为9.26×10-3～9.75×10-2g/L,2种活性成分对5种植物病原真菌菌丝的毒力相似.活性成分对甘蔗凤梨病菌、柑橘疮痂病菌和西瓜枯萎病菌的孢子萌发有较强的抑制活性,在浓度为0.25 g/L时,KLS -46的抑制率分别为98.31％、100.00％和98.15％,KLS-54的抑制率分别为99.83％、100.00％和99.33％.     

粪箕笃提取液抑菌活性初步研究

采用生长速率法测定了粪箕笃各部位提取物对柑橘疮痂病菌、柿角斑病菌、梨锈病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌、稻瘟病菌、甘蔗凤梨病菌和玉米炭疽病菌7种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性.结果表明:质量浓度为10 g/L时,根提取液对梨锈病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌和玉米炭疽病菌有明显的抑菌活性,72 h的抑菌率分别为100.00%、95.45%和92.04%;茎提取液对玉米炭疽病菌也有明显抑菌活性,72 h的抑菌率为94.89%;叶提取液对7种病菌的抑菌活性均较低.根提取液对梨锈病病菌、柿角斑病菌、甘蔗凤梨病菌、米炭疽病菌和西瓜枯萎病菌的EC<,50>分别为1.76、3.37、1.76、1.18、1.36 g/L,茎提取液对梨锈病病菌、甘蔗凤梨病菌、玉米炭疽病菌和西瓜枯萎病菌的EC<,50>分别为2.86、2.76、1.24、1.80 g/L.用液-液萃取法对粪箕笃根提取物进行了初步分离,发现活性物质主要存在于正丁醇和水萃取物中,活性成分是极性较大的物质.     

禺毛茛粗提物的抑菌活性研究

采用不同溶剂浸泡法提取禺毛茛活性物质,以生长速率法和盆栽试验法测定了禺毛茛粗提物对西瓜枯萎病菌、香蕉枯萎病菌、香蕉炭疽病菌、芒果炭疽病菌及椰子灰斑病菌等5种病原真菌的抑菌活性。结果表明,丙酮粗提物的抑菌活性较好,在0.5mg/mL浓度下,抑制香蕉枯萎病菌的活性优于苦参碱的活性;对5种病原菌的毒力测试表明,禺毛茛丙酮粗提物对香蕉枯萎病菌、芒果炭疽病菌的毒力稍强,EC50分别是0.3468、0.3261mg/mL;盆栽试验表明,丙酮粗提物对香蕉枯萎病菌、香蕉炭疽病菌的保护作用稍强于治疗作用。因此,禺毛茛粗取物具有好的抑菌活性,值得进一步研究开发。     

蜈蚣草内生菌分离筛选及发酵液的抑菌活性

为从蜈蚣草(Pteris Vittata L.)中筛选出具有农用价值的生防菌,同时为获得抑菌高活性化合物奠定基础,采用组织表面消毒法从蜈蚣草中分离内生真菌,并测定其对10种靶标菌(香蕉炭疽病菌、芒果炭疽病菌、芒果蒂腐病菌、香蕉枯萎病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌、橡胶落叶棒孢霉、椰子灰斑病菌、水稻纹枯病菌、橡胶黑团孢病菌、番茄早疫病菌)的拮抗作用和不同有机溶剂(石油醚、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、正丁醇)萃取相的抑菌活性和毒力。结果表明:采用组织表面消毒法从蜈蚣草中分离获得10株内生真菌,其中内生真菌WGCY1的抑菌谱较广,对10种靶标菌的抑菌率均超过50%,尤其对香蕉炭疽菌的抑菌率高达86%;WGCY1发酵液正丁醇萃取相表现出较好的抑菌活性,对香蕉炭疽病菌的抑菌活性最高,EC50仅0.040mg/mL。     

双叶细辛甲醇提取物对12种农业病原真菌抑菌活性研究

[目的]研究双叶细辛甲醇提取物对12种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,为双叶细辛发展为新型植物杀菌剂提供实验依据和理论基础.[方法]采用生长速率法测定双叶细辛对12种植物病原真菌的抑制活性,结果表明在1 mg/mL质量浓度下,双叶细辛甲醇提取物对12种病原真菌表现出不同程度的抑制活性,并且测定双叶细辛甲醇提取物对抑菌率在70％以上的病原菌的EC50,根据结果测定双叶细辛甲醇提取物对香蕉炭疽病菌的孢子萌发率以及离体实验.[结果]双叶细辛甲醇粗提物对火龙果黑斑病菌的抑制效果最好,抑制率为100％,EC50为0.188 mg/mL.双叶细辛石油醚相对香蕉炭疽病菌抑制效果最好,抑制率为99.51％,EC50为0.202 mg/mL.双叶细辛乙酸乙酯相对香蕉炭疽病菌的抑制效果最好,抑制率为99.95％,EC50为0.099 mg/mL.质量浓度在2,4,8 mg/mL时,双叶细辛甲醇提取物以及石油醚相对香蕉炭疽病菌分生孢子萌发相对抑制率均在60％以上,双叶细辛乙酸乙酯提取物对香蕉炭疽病菌分生孢子萌发相对抑制率在90％以上.离体实验结果表明双叶细辛石油醚相以及乙酸乙酯相对香蕉果实炭疽病有较好防治效果,在质量浓度为10 mg/mL时防治效果优于0.2 mg/mL的多菌灵.[结论]双叶细辛甲醇提取物对多种植物病原菌具有较强的抑菌活性,具有抑菌广谱性,可以开发成为植物源抑菌剂.其中双叶细辛甲醇提取物石油醚和乙酸乙酯萃取相均对香蕉炭疽病菌表现出优良的防治效果,推测双叶细辛中存在对香蕉炭疽病菌具有较强拮抗活性的物质,这一发现可对将来双叶细辛开发成为防治香蕉炭疽病的有效杀菌剂提供一定的理论基础.     

丁香提取物对芒果炭疽病菌和香蕉枯萎病菌的抑制作用

初步研究了几种植物(中草药)乙醇提取物对芒果炭疽病菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)抗药性菌株、敏感菌株和引起香蕉枯萎病的尖孢镰刀菌古巴专化型菌株(Fusariumoxysporumf.sp.cubense)的抑制作用,同时对丁香[Syzygium aromaticum(L.)Merr.et Perry]不同溶剂提取物对芒果炭疽病菌抗药性菌株、香蕉枯萎病菌的抑制作用及丁香乙醇提取物对芒果炭疽病菌抗药性菌株、香蕉枯萎病菌的有效中浓度EC50进行了研究。离体检测结果表明,丁香等植物乙醇提物提取物对芒果炭疽病菌及香蕉枯萎病菌具有不同程度的抑制作用,芒果炭疽病抗药性菌株对供试植物提取物没有明显的抗药性。其中丁香、石菖蒲、花椒提取物抑菌作用尤为明显。丁香4种不同极性溶剂的提取物在1mgDW/mL浓度下对芒果炭疽病菌及香蕉枯萎病菌相对抑制率达86%以上,说明丁香抑菌物质丰富。其乙醇提取物对芒果炭疽病菌及香蕉枯萎病菌有效中浓度EC50分别为0.40mgDW/mL、0.54mgDW/mL。     

白背叶提取物的抑菌活性研究

采用浸泡法和系统溶剂法对白背叶进行提取,以抑制菌丝生长速率法测定了提取物对香蕉枯萎病菌、西瓜枯萎病菌、香蕉炭疽病菌、芒果炭疽病菌、水稻稻瘟病菌5种植物病原真菌的生物活性。结果表明:浸泡提取法中,不同溶剂的提取物间抑菌作用差异不显著;白背叶的系统溶剂提取物对香蕉炭疽病菌的毒力最强,EC50值为0.0720mg·mL-1,对水稻稻瘟病菌的毒力最差,EC50值为0.9221mg·mL-1。     

紫外分光光度计法测定不同产地瓜馥木中黄酮含量

[目的]用紫外分光光度法测定不同产地瓜馥木中黄酮的含量。[方法]采用盐酸镁粉显色法,在516 nm处利用紫外可见分光光度法测定9个批次瓜馥木中总黄酮的含量。[结果]9个不同产地瓜馥木中总黄酮的含量分别为0.812%、0.825%、0.806%、0.811%、0.767%、0.648%、0.833%、0.562%和0.663%;RSD值分别为1.14%、0.98%、1.12%、0.93%、1.10%、1.24%、1.31%、0.99%和1.17%。[结论]该方法准确、可靠、稳定性好,可作为瓜馥木总黄酮定量分析的有效方法。     

苍耳提取液与植物内生真菌抗菌活性研究(英文)

[Objective] The study was aimed to provide theoretical foundation for developing a new fungicide with high activity,low toxicity and low residua.[Method] Based on the plant growth rate and inhibition zone methods,the antifungal activity of extracts of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium were tested with six kinds of pathogenic fungi and three kinds of pathogenic bacteria respectively.[Result] The extract of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophyic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium all had antifungal activities.The acetone extracts of Xanthium sibiricum had stronger antifungal activities than the ethanol extracts of Xanthium sibiricum.The extracts of leaf have the strongest antifungal activities against fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 47.8%,and the inhibition diameters of the three pathogenic bacteria were all above 0.5 centimeter.The fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi also had strong activities against the fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 68.1%.The extracts of root of Xanthium sibiricum and the mycelium of endophytic fungi were all had antifungal activities.[Conclusion] Xanthium sibiricum and endophyic fungi MC4-23 had great value of development and utilization.     

Preliminary Studies on Antifungal Activity of Xanthium sibiricum and the Endophytic Fungi

[Objective] The study was aimed to provide theoretical foundation for developing a new fungicide with high activity,low toxicity and low residua.[Method] Based on the plant growth rate and inhibition zone methods,the antifungal activity of extracts of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium were tested with six kinds of pathogenic fungi and three kinds of pathogenic bacteria respectively.[Result] The extract of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophyic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium all had antifungal activities.The acetone extracts of Xanthium sibiricum had stronger antifungal activities than the ethanol extracts of Xanthium sibiricum.The extracts of leaf have the strongest antifungal activities against fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 47.8%,and the inhibition diameters of the three pathogenic bacteria were all above 0.5 centimeter.The fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi also had strong activities against the fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 68.1%.The extracts of root of Xanthium sibiricum and the mycelium of endophytic fungi were all had antifungal activities.[Conclusion] Xanthium sibiricum and endophyic fungi MC4-23 had great value of development and utilization.     

苍耳提取液与植物内生真菌抗菌活性研究

[目的]为研制高效、低毒、低残留的新型杀菌剂提供理论依据。[方法]采用生长速率法和抑菌圈法,分别以水稻纹枯病菌等6种植物病原真菌和大肠杆菌等3种病原细菌为供试菌种,对苍耳各器官(根、茎、叶、果)提取液、植物内生真菌MG4-23的发酵液及菌丝体提取液进行抑菌活性测定。[结果]苍耳各器官提取液、植物内生真菌发酵液及菌丝体提取液均有抑菌作用。苍耳的丙酮提取液抑菌活性要好于乙醇提取液。苍耳中抑菌活性最高的器官是叶,对6种供试病原真菌的抑制率均在47.8%以上,对3种病原细菌的抑制直径均在0.5 cm以上。植物内生真菌发酵液的抑菌活性也很明显,对6种供试病原真菌的抑制率均在68.1%以上,对3种病原细菌也具有抑制性。苍耳根和植物内生真菌菌丝体提取液的抑菌活性也较明显。[结论]苍耳和植物内生真菌MG4-23均具有较大的开发利用价值。     

苍耳提取液与植物内生真菌抗菌活性研究(英文)

[Objective] The study was aimed to provide theoretical foundation for developing a new fungicide with high activity,low toxicity and low residua.[Method] Based on the plant growth rate and inhibition zone methods,the antifungal activity of extracts of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium were tested with six kinds of pathogenic fungi and three kinds of pathogenic bacteria respectively.[Result] The extract of every organ of Xanthium sibiricum,the fermentation liquid of endophyic fungi MC4-23,and the extract of mycelium all had antifungal activities.The acetone extracts of Xanthium sibiricum had stronger antifungal activities than the ethanol extracts of Xanthium sibiricum.The extracts of leaf have the strongest antifungal activities against fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 47.8%,and the inhibition diameters of the three pathogenic bacteria were all above 0.5 centimeter.The fermentation liquid of endophytic fungi also had strong activities against the fungi and bacteria.The inhibition rates of the six pathogenic fungi were all above 68.1%.The extracts of root of Xanthium sibiricum and the mycelium of endophytic fungi were all had antifungal activities.[Conclusion] Xanthium sibiricum and endophyic fungi MC4-23 had great value of development and utilization.     

几种蕨类植物抑菌活性的初步研究

[目的]探究几种蕨类植物的抑菌活性,为发现植物源农药提供线索。[方法]以小麦纹枯病菌、番茄灰霉病菌2种植物病原真菌为供试菌,对采自江西省吉安市的3种植物提取物的抑菌活性进行测定。[结果]乙酸乙酯相萃取物的质量浓度为1 mg/ml时,狗脊蕨的抑制效果最好,对小麦纹枯病菌和番茄灰霉病菌2种菌的抑制率分别为88.8%和100%,海金沙抑菌效果次之,对2种病原菌抑制率分别为73%和76.8%。但这3种供试植物的石油醚相和水相萃取物对2种病原真菌的抑制效果均不强。[结论]3种植物萃取物中,乙酸乙酯相萃取物对供试菌种表现出较明显的抑制作用。狗脊蕨和海金沙的提取物作为植物源杀菌剂值得进一步研究。     

紫茎泽兰提取物对几种植物病原真菌的抑制作用

[目的]明确紫茎泽兰提取物对4种植物病原真菌的抑制作用。[方法]以棉花枯萎病原菌、辣椒疫霉病原菌、苹果腐烂病原菌和水稻稻瘟病原菌为供试菌种,利用生长速率法对紫茎泽兰6种有机试剂提取物进行抑菌活性测定。[结果]紫茎泽兰6种有机溶剂提取液对4种病原真菌均有较好的抑制作用,其中以紫茎泽兰乙醇提取液的抑菌效果最好,在浓度为100mg/ml时对4种真菌的抑制率均达到100%,其次为正丁醇提取液。其作用大小与提取液的浓度相关,药剂浓度越大,抑制作用越强。不同的有机溶剂提取液对同一种植物病原真菌的抑制效果有差异。[结论]紫茎泽兰乙醇和正丁醇提取物在较低作用浓度下依然能发挥较高的抑制作用,可作为良好的紫茎泽兰提取物剂型以开发新型植物源生物农药。     

Insecticidal Activities of Extracts from Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. Callus

[Objective] The research aimed to lay a foundation for the screening of cell lines producing secondary metabolites of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the extracts from branch and 3 different types of calluses of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.was detected through methods of leaf disc and potted seedlings against the diamond back moth.[Result] Extracts from four kinds of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.tissues assumed both the activities of antifeedant and oviposition deterrency against the diamond back moth.Antifeedant effect of extracts was in turn the callus C< callus B< callus A< branches.Oviposition deterrency activity of the extracts was in turn the callus A> branch > callus B>callus C.The insecticidal activities of callus A and B were higher than that of the callus C.[Conclusion] The results show that insecticidal activity of callus and its growth rate is inversely proportional.     

鸦胆子愈伤组织提取物的杀虫活性研究(英文)

[Objective] The research aimed to lay a foundation for the screening of cell lines producing secondary metabolites of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.[Method] The insecticidal activities of the extracts from branch and 3 different types of calluses of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.was detected through methods of leaf disc and potted seedlings against the diamond back moth.[Result] Extracts from four kinds of Brucea javanica(L.)Merr.tissues assumed both the activities of antifeedant and oviposition deterrency against the diamond back moth.Antifeedant effect of extracts was in turn the callus C< callus B< callus A< branches.Oviposition deterrency activity of the extracts was in turn the callus A> branch > callus B>callus C.The insecticidal activities of callus A and B were higher than that of the callus C.[Conclusion] The results show that insecticidal activity of callus and its growth rate is inversely proportional.