水稻半矮秆基因sd1对农艺性状的影响

比较了从7份半矮秆品种／高秆品种的B₇F₂中分离的高矮秆近等基因系,sd1基因抑制了节间伸长,从基部到倒第1节及穗长分别为高秆的38. 2%, 26. 0%, 48. 0%, 71. 1%和 92. 6%,缩短程度逐步减轻。sd1基因还可促进有效穗数、结实率和收获指数的提高而使矮秆类型的产量潜力高于高秆类型,但sd1基因并不影响抽穗天数、每穗粒数和千粒重。对sd1基因的多效性以及秆高和穗数的关系进行了讨论。     

矮秆基因对小麦不同农艺性状的影响

矮秆基因不仅降低株高，而且在许多情况下也影响其它农艺性状。利用小麦品种丰抗8号，北京841和京411遗传背景的近等基因系，研究矮秆基因对农艺性状的影响，结果表明：Rht10,Rht12延迟小麦抽穗期，Rht1b在丰抗8号背景下抽穗较迟，Rht1,Rht1s,Rht2和Rht3基因对轴抽穗期无影响；矮秆基因在降低株高的同时一般也降低单株生物产量，但含有Rht1,Rht1s,Rht1b,Rht2基因的矮秆系与对应的高秆系相比单株生物产量差异不显著，单株粒重差异也不显著，单株生物量的降低主要表现为秸秆重量的减少。含有Rht3,Rht10和Rht12基因的矮秆系与高秆系相比，单株生物量，单株籽粒产量和收获指数显著降低。     

水稻显性半矮秆基因对株高表达的影响及其对GA3的敏感性

对具有显性半矮秆基因的6对高矮秆近等基因系的株高表达特性进行了比较。水稻显性半矮秆基因抑制了茎秆节间的伸长,矮秆系倒4～5、3、2、1节及穗长分别为高秆系的97.2%、53.3%、65.1%、61.9%和94.7%。通过对Y98149（突变体）和Y98148（野生型）在苗期和成株期对GA3反应的研究,发现Y98149较Y98148对外源赤霉素更敏感;内源赤霉素测定结果显示显性半矮秆突变体内源赤霉素含量较低,是野生型的78%。     

籼稻矮秆等基因系分析

 以11个籼稻矮秆品种（系）高秆籼稻棉花条和南京6号为轮回亲本，连续回交5代，育成两套籼稻矮秆等基因系。比较分析了有关株高、叶片配置和产量等22种性状的变异。结果表明：株高、地上部节间长、穗长、上部3叶片的长宽、剑叶和倒二叶的夹角等14个性状明显受矮秆基因多效性的影响。sd-1和非等位基因间存在差别。等基因系与原品种（系）之间，株高和地上部节间长多数性状有显著差别。讨论了非基因多效性引起的变异的遗传原因。     

一个新的水稻小粒矮秆突变基因的遗传鉴定

水稻品系162d是一个新发现的水稻小粒矮秆突变体。通过对221个SSR标记位点的多态性分析证明162d是由蜀恢162突变产生的,162d和蜀恢162是一对近等基因系。对F1和F2代的遗传分析表明162d的矮生性由一对隐性基因控制。该基因的表型特点是株高为正常高度的1/4左右,籽粒为正常大小的1/4左右,结实很差,叶短而宽。该基因对赤霉素GA[sub]3[/sub]敏感,不位于d1基因所在的水稻第5染色体着丝点附近区域。因此,认为162d突变基因是一个新的水稻小粒矮秆基因。     

籼型水稻新半矮秆基因的发现与初步研究

从中籼品种9311中发现了1个矮秆突变体矮93,遗传分析表明,其矮秆突变性状受1对不完全隐性基因控制,野生型对突变型的显性度为0.31,将该基因暂定名为sd-m。对野生型与突变型配制的4对杂交组合进行对比,发现突变型对杂种一代的株高有明显矮化作用(平均矮8.8 cm),粒重降低,有效穗增加,对产量和其它农艺性状没有显著影响,具有较大的育种利用价值。     

中美半矮秆大豆杂交早期世代农艺性状遗传变异研究

以三个中美半矮秆大豆杂交组合为材料,通过对其自交及回交后代各主要农艺性状的遗传参数的分析,为半矮秆大豆后代的选择和品种选育育种提供了一定的理论依据。试验结果表明：中美半矮秆大豆品种间其性状特别是分枝性状的明显差异,加之地理远缘等原因,其Ｆ１代多数农艺性状具有明显的超亲优势,自交及回交后代分枝性状有着超常幅度的变异;除了与通常杂交组合中株高、主茎节数、百粒重等表现较大的遗传力相同外,此种组合后代的分枝性状也表现了较高的遗传力。中美半矮秆大豆杂交后代所有分枝性状变异广泛,相对预期遗传进度大,且与目标性状产量相关值较大,决定了在此组合早代选择的必要性。     

抑制水稻节间伸长的显性半矮秆基因Ssil

水稻品种Ｆｕｊｉｍｉｎｏｒｉ的植株用Ｘ射线辐照获得的ｄｍ型突变体ＤＭＦ－１茎秆高度表现出除第二节间伸长受抑制外,接近正常生长。该突变体的性状受显性基因Ｓｓｉｌ控制（Ｗｕ,１９９７）。ＤＭＦ－１的茎秆高度（６５．２ｃｍ）显著短于Ｆｕｊｉｍｉｎｏｒｌ（８２．１ｃｍ）和半矮秆品种Ｒｅｉｍｅｉ（７０．４ｃｍ）。ＤＭＦ－１和Ｆｕｊｉｍｉｎｏｒｉ反交杂种Ｆ１的茎秆高度处于双亲之间。反交杂种Ｆ１的穗长和穗数等农     

滴灌模式下矮秆基因对小麦部分农艺性状的效应

为探明滴灌模式下矮秆基因对小麦农艺性状的影响,对不同麦区的271份小麦品种(系)所含的矮秆基因Rht-B1b、Rht-D1b和Rht8进行检测,并对其在滴灌栽培模式下的株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数和单株产量进行分析。结果表明,参试的271份小麦品种(系)中有177份含矮秆基因Rht-D1b,占65.31%;110份含Rht-B1b,占40.59%;58份含有Rht8,占21.40%;27份材料不含有所检测的3个矮秆基因。34.68%的品种(系)含有2个或3个矮秆基因。根据所含矮秆基因的类型可将271份材料分为8类。3个矮秆基因都能显著降低滴灌栽培模式下小麦的株高,其中Rht-B1b还显著降低了穗长、小穗数和单株产量,对穗粒数的影响不显著;Rht8对穗长、小穗数、穗粒数和单株产量均产生了负效应,但影响不显著;Rht-D1b对株高的影响最大,并对穗长、穗粒数和单株产量具有正效应,在育种中应加强利用。     

Genetic Identification of a New Small Grain Dwarf Gene in Rice

The plant material used in the study was rice line 162d, a new small grain dwarf mutant. Polymorphic analysis of 221 SSR loci demonstrated that 162d derived from a semidwarf variety Shuhui 162 through mutation, and 162d and Shuhui 162 were just a pair of near isogenic lines. Genetic analysis of F1 and F2 populations suggested that dwarfism in 162d was controlled by a single recessive gene. Phenotypic characteristics of the mutant gene were that plant height was about a quarter of normal height, grain size about a quarter of normal size, leaf was short and broad, and seed setting rate was very low,compared with the near isogenic line Shuhui 162. The mutant gene was sensitive to gibberellin (GA3) treatment and did not located on the region near the centromere of rice chromosome 5, where dl gene located. Therefore, it was concluded that the mutant gene of 162d was a new small grain dwarf gene in rice.     

矮泰引－2中半矮秆基因的分离与鉴定研究

矮泰引－２中半矮秆基因的分离与鉴定研究梁国华，潘学彪，顾铭洪，嵇朝球（扬州大学农学院农学系，扬州２２５００１，现在地址：江苏油田农场，江苏洪泽２２３１２５）关键词：基因分析；基因分离；半矮秆基因ＴｈｅＩｓｏｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＧｅｎｅｔｉｃＩｄｅｎｔｉ...     

矮泰引-2中半矮秆基因的分离与鉴定研究

In order to discover new semidwarf genes which can be used in breeding program in indica rice, a dwarf variety Aitaiyin 2, was crossed with a tall native cultivar Naming 6. The segregation of the F₁ generation appeared to be 9 tall:6 semidwarf:1 dwarf, which meant two semidwarf genes were involved. While Aitaiyin 2 was also crossed with two semidwarf varieties, Nanjing 11 with sd-1 and Xingui'ai with sd-g, the segregation of the F₂ generation in the former cross was 3 semidwarf:1 dwarf and that in the latter cross was 27 tall:27 semidwarf:9 dwarf:1 extra dwarf. This indicated that there were two semidwarf genes in Aitaiyin 2, one of them was allelic to sd-1 and the other was a new semidwarf gene which was nonallelic to both sd-1 and sd-g. This new semidwarf gene was named sd-t(t).     

消除籼型野败不育系包颈现象的研究

籼型野败不育系的包颈现象是影响制种和繁种产量的重要因素之一。试验证明,利用长节间种质(Elongated uppermost internode stock)的 eui 基因与野败胞质的互作效应,可使珍汕97不育系不再出现包颈现象,其穗颈伸出度达到+0.71厘米,最上一节的节间长度为28.4厘米。而对照亲本珍汕97A 和珍汕97B 的穗颈伸出度分别为-9.56匣米和1.11厘米,最上一节的节间长度分别为15.6厘米和24.0厘米。可以把 eui 基因导入籼型野败不育系之中,消除包颈现象。将来转育带有 eui 基因的珍汕97B 仍较带有 eui 基因的珍汕97A 的株高要高。该项育种工作在继续进行之中。     

晚籼夜公和野败雄性不育细胞质对杂交水稻农艺性状的影响

 由夜公和野败的两个异质同核不育系分别与两个恢复系杂交，配制8个组合进行随机区组试验，在相同核背景下比较不同雄性不育细胞质对杂交水稻的影响。结果表明，夜公雄性不育细胞质对杂交水稻产量和主要农艺性状的影响优于野败，是一个可以开发利用的雄性不育细胞质。     

晚籼夜公和野败雄性不育细胞质对杂交水稻农艺性状的影响

由夜公和野败的两个异质同核不育系分别与两个恢复系杂交，配制8个组合进行随机区组试验，在相同核背景下比较不同雄性不育细胞质对杂交水稻的影响。结果表明，夜公雄性不育细胞质对杂交水稻产量和主要农艺性状的影响优于野败，是一个可以开发利用的雄性不育细胞质。     

Genetic Identification of a New Small Grain Dwarf Gene in Rice

The plant material used in the study was rice line 162d, a new small grain dwarf mutant. Polymorphic analysis of 221 SSR loci demonstrated that 162d derived from a semidwarf variety Shuhui 162 through mutation, and 162d and Shuhui 162 were just a pair of near isogenic lines. Genetic analysis of Fl and F2 populations suggested that dwarfism in 162d was controlled by a single recessive gene. Phenotypic characteristics of the mutant gene were that plant height was about a quarter of normal height, grain size about a quarter of normal size, leaf was short and broad, and seed setting rate was very low,compared with the near isogenic line Shuhui 162. The mutant gene was sensitive to gibberellin (GA3) treatment and did not located on the region near the centromere of rice chromosome 5, where dl gene located. Therefore, it was concluded that the mutant gene of 162d was a new small grain dwarf gene in rice.