长尾琉金金鱼形态性状的相关与通径分析

测定了637尾1龄长尾琉金金鱼体重、体长、体高、头长、尾柄长、尾柄高、胸鳍长、腹鳍长、背鳍高、臀鳍长、尾鳍长等11个性状,计算性状间的相关系数,同时采用通径分析方法计算以形态性状为自变量对尾鳍长作依变量的通径系数、决定系数,对各性状的影响大小进行削分.结果显示,尾柄高对尾鳍长的直接影响最大,胸鳍长和尾柄长对尾鳍长的直接...     

金鱼核糖体转录间隔区(ITS-1)的克隆和序列分析

对金鱼(Carassius auratus)核糖体转录间隔区(ITS-1)进行了克隆测序,并对ITS-1序列进行了分析。结果显示,克隆的金鱼ITS-1区序列长度为294bp,其中A、T、G、C 4种碱基的含量分别为17.0%、14.6%、33.0%、35.4%;与从GenBank中检索到的12种鱼的核糖体DNA序列比较显示,其与12种鱼的ITS-1序列同源性较低,在26.0%~61.6%之间;根据金鱼与其他12种鱼的ITS-1序列的同源性构建进化树,所得的分类结果与传统的分类结果基本一致。     

金鱼致病菌的分离鉴定与药敏特性

采用常规方法对患病金鱼(Carassius auratus)内脏组织(肝脏、肾脏、性腺)中致病菌进行了分离鉴定与药敏特性研究。结果显示:实验共分离了8株优势菌,经人工回归感染实验证实其中3株细菌(菌株LK-T、PL-R和PK-T)具有致病性。ATB细菌鉴定仪鉴定结果显示,菌株LK-T和菌株PL-R为温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas so-bria),菌株PK-T为豚鼠气单胞菌(Aeromonas punctata subsp.caviae)。这3株致病菌的主要特征为:革兰氏染色阴性,杆状,对奈替米星、头孢呋肟、头孢拉啶、庆大霉素、环丙沙星、新霉素、先锋必等药物均高度敏感。其中庆大霉素、环丙沙星、新霉素等常规渔药可作为防治用药的依据。     

银鲫与普通鲫群体遗传结构的比较分析

利用15个微卫星多态性分子标记,对黑龙江省方正县双龙水库和双凤水库两个水体的雌核发育银鲫(Car-assius auratus gibelio)和二倍体普通鲫(Carassius auratus(L))的群体遗传多样性进行比较分析。结果显示:平均每个多态性位点获得银鲫10.39个有效等位基因,普通鲫11.82个有效等位基因;双龙水库三倍体银鲫和二倍体普通鲫的平均观测杂合度分别为0.6035和0.6300,双凤水库中的三倍体银鲫和二倍体普通鲫的平均观测杂合度为0.5311和0.5885;相似性与遗传距离分析结果显示:相似性最大的是双凤水体内的银鲫和普通鲫(0.8127),远大于两个水体间的银鲫群体间的相似性。结果表明,银鲫与普通鲫存在着明显的遗传物质交流,较高的遗传相似性不仅与传统的银鲫起源于普通鲫的观点一致,也暗示银鲫与普通鲫存在经常性地遗传物质交流。     

群体条件下红色草金鱼对不同颜色背景的选择偏好

光谱成分对鱼类行为可能产生影响,但鱼类对颜色是否存在选择偏好,结论不一。本试验通过分别记录和比较群体条件下不同规格红色草金鱼(Carassius auratus red var.)对不同彩色(红、绿、蓝)背景和白色背景的停留时间选择差异以及往返次数,研究红色草金鱼对不同颜色的选择偏好。结果显示群体条件下,相对白色而言,红色草金鱼对彩色背景有明显偏好,且相对于蓝色,小规格鱼会更多倾向于选择红色和绿色。研究表明在群体条件下红色草金鱼具有颜色背景喜好。     

额尔齐斯河银鲫形态学及COI基因序列分析

采用传统形态学方法和线粒体COI基因序列分析对额尔齐斯河银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)两个群体的形态和遗传差异进行了比较。结果显示:通过对8个可量性状和20个框架数据的主成分分析可以看出,两个群体分别占据两个不相重叠的区域,两个群体在形态上存在明显分化。COI基因序列分析显示,两群体之间遗传距离为0.012,群体间遗传距离是群体内最大遗传距离的4倍,两群体间在编码的氨基酸序列上出现了一处替换,群体遗分化指数值为0.96078,基因流值为0.01,表明群体间缺乏基因交流,群体间有明显的遗传分化。     

白鲫与4种鲤杂交及其自交F_1鱼苗的形态特征及生长

相同室外网箱养殖条件下,比较白鲫自交F_1及其与散鳞镜鲤、黑龙江野鲤、禾花鲤和兴国红鲤四种鲤鱼杂交F_1鱼苗的形态特征与生长的差异。结果显示:全长/体长、体长/体高、体长/头长、头长/头高等可量性状参数比值差异显著,可作为几者之间形态区别主要参数。其中白鲫(♀)×黑龙江野鲤(♂)的全长为体长的1.64倍,体长为体高的3.00倍,为头长的3.50倍,为尾柄宽的7.68倍,尾柄长为尾柄宽的1.48倍。各方面指标显著优于其他组别。从数据可以看出白鲫(♀)×黑龙江野鲤(♂)体略高,头略短,尾柄略窄长,体型较修长,表明该杂交组合鲫鱼体长体重增长率方面都显著优于其他组合,体型合适。     

鲫(♀)×禾花鱼(♂)杂交及杂交F1、亲本的形态特征研究

本实验对鲫(Carassius auratus,♀)×禾花鱼(Procypris merus,♂)的杂交进行了研究,并比较分析杂交子一代(F1代)及其亲本的形态特征.结果显示:杂交获得杂种F1的受精率为92.5%、孵化率为89.3%,成活率82.9%.6月龄F1代7项测定的可数性状均偏向母本;可量性状中F1有5项偏向母...     

草海鲫DNA含量与倍性

为研究草海鲫的倍性及核DNA含量特性,以鸡(Gallus sp.)红细胞DNA含量(2.5 pg/N)为标准、鲫(Car-assius auratus auratus)和普安鲫(C.auratus gibelio(Bloch))子一代为参照,采用流式细胞术测定了25尾草海鲫的红细胞核DNA含量。结果显示:25尾草海鲫的核DNA检测直方图明显分为两种类型,其核DNA绝对含量分为3.92 pg/N和5.44 pg/N两种值,DNA指数(DI)分别为0.99和1.37,其核DNA含量与鲫和普安鲫子一代接近,符合二倍体和三倍体特征。综合分析表明草海鲫是由多种倍体组成、具有核DNA含量特性的混合群体,是贵州省已知除普安鲫和正安鲫外的又一种独特的鲫鱼类型,加强其繁殖方式和资源增殖保护研究具有重要意义。     

Establishment, characterization and viral susceptibility of a new cell line derived from goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.), tail fin

A continuous cell line [goldfish tail fin (GFTF)] derived from a goldfish tail fin, Carassius auratus, was established and characterized. GFTF cells predominantly consist of fibroblast-like cells that were maintained and subcultured more than 50 times over a period of 15 months. Cells grew at temperatures between 15 and 37°C, with an optimum temperature of 25°C. The growth rate of GFTF cells increased proportionally with the foetal bovine serum (FBS) concentration (5-20%), with optimum growth at 20% FBS. The chromosome numbers were 88-112, with a modal peak of 104 chromosomes. Five known fish viruses were tested to determine susceptibility. Results demonstrated that GFTF is susceptible to snakehead rhabdovirus, spring viraemia of carp virus and channel catfish virus (CCV). In addition, GFTF demonstrated a higher sensitivity to, and increased viral production of, CCV than that observed in the control cell line, channel catfish ovary cells. This suggests that GFTF cells would be useful as a diagnostic tool for viral diseases in this fish species, as well as for the isolation and study of goldfish viruses in the future. Furthermore, these cells were transfected with pEGFP-N1 vector DNA and some fluorescent signals were observed, suggesting that GFTF cells could be a useful tool for transgenic and genetic manipulation studies.     

Utilization of tissue habitats by Myxobolus wulii Landsberg & Lom, 1991 in different carp hosts and disease resistance in allogynogenetic gibel carp: redescription of M. wulii from China and Japan

Myxobolus wulii (= Myxosoma magna ) was first described from the gills of goldfish, Carassius auratus auratus, in China. Subsequently, a myxosporean infecting the hepatopancreas of allogynogenetic gibel carp, C. auratus gibelio , was designated as a different species, Myxobolus guanqiaoensis , although the morphological features were almost identical to those of M. wulii . In Japan, an unidentified Myxobolus sp. was found in the gills and hepatopancreas of goldfish. Morphological and molecular analyses in the present study identified these myxosporeans as M. wulii , which was thus shown to use different habitats in the host fish. Phylogenetic analyses of small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences showed that M. wulii is closely related to two gill-infecting Myxobolus species, M. ampullicapsulatus and M. longisporus . Fish infected with M. wulii in the hepatopancreas exhibit swollen abdomens and chronic mortality. Hepatopancreas tissues are virtually destroyed and replaced with plasmodia of M. wulii . A remarkable difference in susceptibility to M. wulii between two clones of allogynogenetic gibel carp was observed, suggesting that resistance to the myxosporean infection was established in a clone of fish bred by allogynogenesis.     

草金鱼总色素稳定性研究(I)——日光、空气、温度和金属离子对草金鱼总色素稳定性的影响

草金鱼总色素光谱吸收峰为400～600nm,是类胡萝卜素色素。在日光、高温和某些金属离子作用下,破坏程度严重;在避光、低温和相关离子作用条件下,色素受到保护或具有增色作用。研究结果提示:在提取、保存该色素以及配制增色饵料时,要特别注意避免有关不良因素的影响,确保试验结论的正确和增色效果的良好。     

Natural bixin as a potential carotenoid for enhancing pigmentation and colour in goldfish (Carassius auratus)

Discovering natural carotenoids for colour enhancement and health benefits of fish is important to develop new feed formulations. We have purified natural bixin from achiote seeds and evaluated the effect of colour enhancing and pigmentation in goldfish. Varying levels of bixin‐based diets were prepared with 420 g kg^?1 of crude protein and 120 g kg^?1 of lipid content. Our results clearly showed that bixin (0.05, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.60 g kg^?1) based diets significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced the skin and fin colour at 30 and 60 days compared to diet without bixin. Interestingly, diet which contains 0.20 g kg^?1 bixin and commercial feed (with astaxanthin) had similar effect on carotenoid deposition in skin. Moreover, total carotenoid deposition in fin was higher than in skin of all bixin‐containing diets. However, 0.60 g kg^?1 bixin‐containing diet had lower specific growth rate (1.01 ± 0.01) and higher feed conversion ratio (2.05 ± 0.19) compared to the control group. The present results demonstrate that achiote bixin can be successfully used as an alternative natural carotenoid source against synthetic astaxanthin in fish feed. Our data indicate that 0.20 g kg^?1 is a suitable dietary level of bixin to ensure strong pigmentation, acceptable growth and feed utilization in goldfish.     

三个不同养殖群体金鱼遗传多样性的RAPD分析

采用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)方法对金鱼3个不同地区养殖群体-天津塘沽(TJ)、江苏苏州(JS)及福建福州(FZ)群体各20ind的DNA多态性进行了分析。在事先优化的反应条件下,所使用的100个随机引物中,有14个引物扩增出清晰稳定的片段,共计103条,大小在200~2500bp,其中多态性片段27条。金鱼总的DNA多态位点百分率为26.21%。数据分析结果显示,3个金鱼群体内遗传多样性偏低,遗传相似度为0.9519~0.9785。金鱼3个群体总的Nei基因多样性指数为0.1061,Shannon信息指数为0.1547。金鱼3个群体间平均遗传距离为0.0375,基因分化系数Gst为0.243,表明3个养殖群体间产生了一定程度的遗传分化。UPGMA法和NJ法的聚类分析显示,两者结果一致。TJ群体和JS群体优先聚类,再与FZ群体聚类。     

汞暴露对金鱼幼鱼抗氧化防护的影响

将金鱼幼鱼置于质量浓度为0、0.2、1、5、10μg/L的Hg2+溶液中,分别在汞暴露1、7、15d时取样,测定不同质量浓度Hg2+暴露下超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性及丙二醛含量。结果显示,超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶均表现出在较长的暴露时间及较高质量浓度Hg2+胁迫下的诱导效应,丙二醛含量也因Hg2+暴露而明显积累。金鱼幼鱼为了减弱汞胁迫带来的损害,其超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性均有增强的趋势,同时丙二醛含量也因汞胁迫造成的膜脂过氧化而逐渐积累。     

jnk3基因在金鱼和斑马鱼不同发育时期胚胎与成体不同组织中的分化表达

JNKs是丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)家族重要成员,参与应激反应和动物体轴的构建。为了进一步了解JNK家族在动物发育中的功能,首次分离和克隆了金鱼jnk3基因,研究了jnk3在金鱼和斑马鱼组织特异性和胚胎发育特异性表达状况。金鱼jnk3基因cDNA总长1 794 bp,其中阅读框1 293 bp,编码430个氨基酸。对jnk3基因序列及其推导的氨基酸序列进行同源性分析,结果显示,jnk3基因在脊椎动物较为保守,金鱼jnk3基因核苷酸序列与斑马鱼、人的同源性分别为94.1%和80.7%,金鱼jnk3基因氨基酸序列与斑马鱼、人的同源性分别为99.7%和93.4%。jnk3基因在鱼类成体中的表达存在着显著的组织差异,在金鱼和斑马鱼脑和精巢组织的表达具专一性,此外在斑马鱼心脏中也检测到jnk3的表达。RT-PCR检测结果显示,在鱼类胚胎发育中,神经胚期开始检测到jnk3基因mRNA表达,从神经胚到心跳期胚胎,jnk3基因表达水平逐渐增高,此后直至出膜一直保持较高的表达水平。研究表明,jnk3基因可能在鱼类后期的胚胎发育和成体脑、精巢与心脏发育中具有重要作用。