一例猪传染性胃肠炎病毒与大肠杆菌混合感染的实验室诊断

四川某猪场发生10日龄内仔猪严重腹泻、呕吐疫情,发病率达80%,死亡率高达70%。为确诊病原,无菌采集腹泻致死仔猪的肝脏、十二指肠内容物及肠系膜淋巴结进行实验室检测。经分离、培养和鉴定,在十二指肠内容物中分离到大肠杆菌,致病性试验结果表明所分离大肠杆菌可在12小时左右致死小鼠。对提取的肠系膜淋巴结总RNA进行针对猪传染性胃肠炎（TGE）病毒的特异性RT-PCR检测,结果传染性胃肠炎病毒（TGEV）为阳性。根据临床症状、病理变化、病原检测综合判定本次疾病流行的主要病因为传染性胃肠炎病毒继发大肠杆菌感染。     

一株猪流行性腹泻病毒的分离鉴定及其ORF3和S基因序列分析

为了探明辽宁省沈阳市某猪场仔猪发生腹泻的病原及其遗传进化特征,试验首先对该猪场发生腹泻的仔猪腹腔进行剖检,记录小肠组织的病理变化;收集病理变化较明显的组织进行切片和H.E.染色,观察并记录结果;取病料后提取病毒核酸,用猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, PEDV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus, TGEV)、猪丁型冠状病毒(Porcine delta coronavirus, PDCoV)、猪轮状病毒(Porcine rotavirus, PRoV)和猪急性腹泻综合征冠状病毒(Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus, SADS-CoV)检测引物进行RT-PCR检测;然后进行病毒的分离、致细胞病变效应(CPE)观察、传代、间接免疫荧光试验与效价的测定;最后对病毒的关键基因进行PCR扩增及遗传进化分析。结果表明：腹泻仔猪小肠肠壁变薄、胀满、充满水样内容物,肠系膜呈树枝状充血,肠系膜淋巴结水肿;十二指肠肠绒毛破碎、细胞坏死,...     

一起猪流行性腹泻病毒和猪链球菌混合感染引发仔猪拉稀病例的诊断及分析

为确诊广西一存栏1000头母猪的某规模养猪场2耀3日龄仔猪临床持续表现严重拉稀症状的病因,研究对拉稀仔猪进行了临床诊断和实验室诊断。对拉稀仔猪的发病情况调查,临床症状和病理变化观察,实验室细菌分离培养及鉴定,进行PCR/RT-PCR方法检测可能引起仔猪腹泻的常见疫病病毒(如猪瘟病毒、猪蓝耳病病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪圆环病毒2型和猪圆环病毒3型)以及常见肠道腹泻病毒(流行性腹泻病毒、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪轮状病毒和猪丁型冠状病毒)。结果在2窝拉稀仔猪肠系膜淋巴结中均分离到猪链球菌2型(S.s2),同时在拉稀仔猪肠道中均检测到猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV),而其它病原检测均为阴性,表明S.s2和PEDV混合感染可能是引起本次仔猪拉稀病例的主要原因。     

一例猪流行性腹泻病毒与葡萄球菌混合感染的病原学诊断

为查明贵州省毕节市某猪场仔猪持续腹泻、消瘦死亡的原因,对送检的2头典型发病仔猪进行临床症状和病理剖检观察,采集病料进行细菌分离培养、生化试验、PCR检测和药物敏感性试验,以及猪流行性腹泻病毒、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪轮状病毒RT-PCR核酸检测。结果:仔猪临床症状为精神萎靡,食欲减退,水样腹泻,呕吐,消瘦直至死亡;剖检可见腹股沟淋巴结出血,肠道充气肿胀;细菌分离鉴定为葡萄球菌,该分离菌对盐酸多西环素、硫酸安普霉素、泰乐菌素高度敏感,对磺胺间甲氧嘧啶钠、头孢拉定、替米考星、硫酸粘杆菌素耐药;猪流行性腹泻病毒核酸检测为阳性,猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、猪轮状病毒核酸检测为阴性。结论:该猪场的发病仔猪存在猪流行性腹泻病毒与葡萄球菌混合感染。建议使用高敏药物对葡萄球菌感染进行治疗,同时加强猪流行性腹泻疫苗的免疫。     

某规模化猪场暴发仔猪轮状病毒感染致腹泻的诊断

为调查贵州省铜仁市某规模化猪场仔猪腹泻大量死亡的病因,采用流行病学调查、临床症状观察、病理解剖诊断、细菌分离培养及采集肛门拭子样品提取核酸,并进行猪轮状病毒、猪流行性腹泻病毒、传染性胃肠炎病毒和猪德尔塔冠状病毒的RT-PCR检测,结果显示:导致该猪场大量仔猪腹泻死亡的原因为猪轮状病毒感染。     

新PEDV流行毒株的病理学观察及抗原定位研究

为了加深对猪流行性腹泻病理学损害的认识,试验采用常规石蜡切片及免疫组织化学方法对确诊为变异猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)引起的患病仔猪主要脏器的病理变化及抗原定位进行了研究。结果表明:猪流行性腹泻患病仔猪胃黏膜脱落,肠系膜肿胀充血、乳糜管消失;小肠绒毛上皮细胞坏死、脱落,肠绒毛缩短,肠壁变薄;肠系膜淋巴结髓质区瘀血出血;小肠绒毛上皮细胞、肠腺细胞、隐窝部位、小肠绒毛固有层和肠系膜淋巴结出现PEDV强阳性表达。说明PEDV的主要靶器官是胃肠黏膜上皮、腺体及相应的淋巴结,而胃、肠等器官的损伤是该病的主要病理变化特征。     

石河子某猪场仔猪黄痢病原学调查及部分生物学特征的研究

<正>产肠毒素大肠杆菌主要致病力由黏附素性菌毛和肠毒素两类毒力因子构成,初生幼畜被产肠毒素大肠杆菌感染后常因剧烈水样腹泻和迅速脱水死亡[1]。2012年1—6月份,新疆石河子周边某些猪场2—7日龄仔猪陆续发生严重腹泻,先后死亡仔猪800余头,患病仔猪精神沉郁,不愿吃乳,腹泻严重(呈水样稀粪),病程3~5 d。病理剖检可见肠系膜充血严重,小肠黏膜菲薄,内容物呈黄色且含未消化的凝乳块。为查明病因,笔者采集发病最严重的某猪场病死     

吉安某猪场仔猪腹泻的病原分析及防治

通过一系列实验室诊断措施,对吉安某猪场采集的腹泻仔猪小肠黏膜(病死)、新鲜粪便(存活)以及30份血样(母猪24头,保育仔猪6头)进行病原检测,结果显示,该场仔猪腹泻可以排除免疫失败、寄生虫、仔猪流行性腹泻病毒等致病因素,主要病因为小肠黏膜分离到的革兰氏阴性球菌(肠产毒型大肠杆菌),对该分离菌进行药敏试验,结果对丁胺卡那...     

猪病毒性腹泻免疫防制和诊断研究近况

猪腹泻病原种类繁多,致病性复杂,有细菌、病毒及寄生虫等.但病毒是猪腹泻的常见病原.虽然已从小肠或腹泻粪便中分离出许多不同病毒,但目前认为只有3种病毒是野外条件下的主要肠道病原:传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)、猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV) 和轮状病毒(RV).这些病毒的致病过程相似.主要是由于胞膜结合消化酶的丧火和肠细胞吸收的破坏造成吸收障碍,从     

与王国威同志就《浅谈猪大肠杆菌病的病因及防治》一文商榷

贵刊今年第５期第２５页刊登王国威同志所著的 《浅谈猪大肠杆菌病的病因及防治》一文“对于患病仔 猪的治疗”项的第５条“患病仔猪出现腹泻脱水时,应 进行口服补液……”笔者对此有不同看法,现叙述如 下,请行家指教。 引起仔猪腹泻的大肠杆菌病临床上以仔猪黄痢 和仔猪白痢最为常见。 １．仔猪黄痢的发病机理：定植于仔猪小肠粘膜上 的致病菌产生一种蛋白外毒素,刺激隐窝部位肠粘膜 上皮细胞分泌大量液体,同时抑制绒毛上皮细胞的吸 收作用引起腹泻,导致脱水和代谢性酸碱平衡紊乱。 此时如果用口服法补液,则进入肠道内的液体因肠绒 …     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …