鸡新城疫疫苗点眼免疫后哈氏腺中IgA、IgM、IgG型浆细胞的数量变化及分布特点

用Lasota系ND疫苗分别于10、20日龄进行点眼免疫后采用SLAB免疫组织化学对鸡哈氏腺在新新城疫（Newcastle Disease,ND)疫苗点眼免疫后IgA、IgM、IgG型浆细胞的数量变化及分布特征进行了研究。研究发现，Lasota系ND疫苗点眼免疫后鸡哈氏腺中（Harderian Gland,HG)中IgA、IgM、IgG型浆细胞的出现较对照组早，并于48日龄达到峰值，一免及二免后三种类型的浆细胞数量均极高于对照组（P＜0．01），其中IgA浆细胞的数量最多，IgM型浆细胞次之，IgG型浆细胞的数量最少。IgA、IgM、IgG三种浆细胞均散在分布于哈氏腺的间质中，且主要围绕各级管腔上皮及腺上皮分布，其中成熟的浆细胞紧贴腺上皮及管腔上皮分布。表明Lasonta系ND疫苗点眼免疫后可促进哈氏腺中的IgA、IgM、IgG型浆细胞的分化、成熟，这些浆细胞分泌的抗体成分可通过上皮而被分泌到管腔中去，最后到达泪液中，在眼区及上呼吸道起到保护作用。     

鸡眼区相关淋巴组织对ND疫苗的点眼免疫应答 Ⅰ.局部体液免疫应答

本研究采用 Ｅ Ｌ Ｉ Ｓ Ａ、免疫组织化学方法、病理组织学方法对鸡眼区相关淋巴组织在鸡新城疫（ Ｎｅｗ ｃａｓｔｌｅ Ｄｉｓｅａｓｅ， Ｎ Ｄ）疫苗点眼免疫后的局部体液免疫应答进行了研究。研究发现， Ｌａｓｏｔａ 系 Ｎ Ｄ 疫苗点眼免疫后鸡眼区相关淋巴组织（ Ｈｅａｄａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄ Ｌｙｍ ｐｈｏｉｄ Ｔｉｓｓｕｅ， Ｈ Ａ Ｌ Ｔ）对 Ｎ Ｄ 疫苗可产生高效的局部体液免疫应答：①免疫组泪液和血清中 Ｎ Ｄ Ｖ特异性 Ｉｇ Ａ、 Ｉｇ Ｍ 抗体及哈氏腺（ Ｈａｒｄｅｒｉａｎ Ｇｉａｎｄ， Ｈ Ｇ）中 Ｉｇ Ａ、 Ｉｇ Ｍ 型浆细胞出现较对照组早，且抗体滴度及浆细胞数量均极显著高于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。免疫组泪液和血清中 Ｎ Ｄ Ｖ特异性 Ｉｇ Ｇ 抗体滴度及哈氏腺中 Ｉｇ Ｇ 型浆细胞数量也均极显著高于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０．０１），且哈氏腺中 Ｉｇ Ｇ 型浆细胞的出现早于对照组；②点眼免疫后泪液中 Ｎ Ｄ Ｖ特异性 Ｉｇ Ａ、 Ｉｇ Ｍ抗体出现较血清中的早，且抗体滴度也显著高于血清中（ Ｐ＜ ０．０５）；③ Ｌａｓｏｔａ 系 Ｎ Ｄ苗点眼免疫后可使结膜相关淋巴组织的形成和发育明显提前，免疫组结膜相关淋巴组织中的淋巴滤泡数量极显著高于对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０．     

结膜相关淋巴组织和哈氏腺免疫协同关系的研究Ⅰ．结膜相关淋巴组织缺失对哈氏腺点眼免疫应答的影响

采用ＥＬＩＳＡ、免疫组织化学方法、手术切除结膜相关淋巴组织（Ｃｏｎｊｕｎｃｔｉｖａ－ａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄ Ｌｙｍｐｈｏｉｄ Ｔｉｓｓｕｅ，ＣＡＬＴ）法对结膜相关淋巴组织和哈氏腺（Ｈａｒｄｅｒｉａｎ Ｇｌａｎｄ，ＨＧ）在点眼免疫应答过程中的相互协同关系进行了研究。研究发现，采用外科手术于１日龄切除结 膜相关淋巴组织后切除组点眼免疫后泪液中ＮＤＶ－特异性ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ型抗体滴度及哈氏腺中ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ     

鸡眼区相关淋巴组织对ND疫苗点眼免疫频答：Ⅱ.眼区局部T淋巴细？…

本研究采用流式细胞仪技术对鸡眼区相关淋巴组织在鸡新城疫疫苗点眼免疫后的局部Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群的变化进行了研究，研究发现，ＬａＳｏｔａ等疫苗点眼免疫后眼区相关淋巴组织对ＮＤ疫苗可产生良好的细胞免疫应答。免疫组结膜相关淋巴组织和哈氏腺中ＣＤ＾４＋和和ＣＮＨＮＸＬＥＱＯＶＪＧＧＦ ＵＴＨ ＱＫＱ ＲＧ ＮＦＧＫＴＡＫ ＹＭ 。ＱＫＵＭＡＤＷＥＵＪ ＃粒模? ＤＪ ＷＶ ＸＸ ＷＹＮＫＪＧ ＪＥＪＯＹＭ ＧＦ     

奶牛发情期子宫粘液的生化分析

本文就怀孕奶牛情孕前发情期的子宫颈粘液中唾液酸，蛋白质以及酸性磷酸酯酶（ＡＣＰ）和碱性磷酸酯酶（ＡＫＰ）进行了分析，发现孕牛孕前发情期的唾液酸，ＡＣＰ、ＡＫＰ明显较不孕牛高。因此，可用发情期子宫颈粘液中唾液酸的变化来分析雌激素的水平，而ＡＣＰ和ＡＫＰ活性可用来衡量雌激素和孕酮比率的变化和提高精子对子宫颈粘液中糖苷的利用。     

鸡食管扁桃体中T、B淋巴细胞的发育及其定位分布

为研究T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞在鸡食管扁桃体中的出现、迁移、组织定位分布以及数量变化规律等一系列发育过程,本研究通过免疫组织化学方法,应用CD3和IgA单克隆抗体,研究鸡食管扁桃体的组织结构发育过程和淋巴细胞的发育过程。结果显示,各时期T、B淋巴细胞主要分布在两个部位:隐窝固有层和皱襞固有层,尤其是在隐窝固有层中T、B淋巴细胞较多;随着日龄增长,食管扁桃体中T、B淋巴细胞数量逐渐增多,并在35日龄时达到稳定;许多粘液腺周围形成淋巴聚集物,并突入腺腔,粘液腺上皮转化为淋巴上皮;21日龄之后,B淋巴细胞以IgA+细胞为主,数量超过CD3+细胞。研究表明,随着年龄增长,鸡食管扁桃体的免疫功能逐渐增强,并在21日龄之前以细胞免疫为主,21日龄之后以IgA介导的粘膜免疫为主。     

犬正常发情期与患子宫蓄脓的子宫和卵巢组织结构及乳铁蛋白表达的对比

本研究旨在探明犬子宫和卵巢在正常发情期与患子宫蓄脓时，其组织结构及乳铁蛋白（lactoferrin，LF）表达的变化特征。应用Masson’s、VVG、PAS组织化学染色方法观察乏情期、发情期、患子宫蓄脓时犬子宫及卵巢的组织结构特点，用免疫组织化学SP法观察LF的分布特征。结果显示，正常发情期犬：乏情期、发情期子宫内膜肌层厚度比分别为0.762 0、0.924 3；乏情期子宫固有层中胶原纤维含量大于发情期，发情期卵巢中胶原纤维含量大于乏情期；子宫血管层及卵巢血管内弹性膜清晰完整；子宫腺在乏情期时浅层管腔小，深层较大、腺管上皮为单层柱状上皮、上皮细胞及管腔内PAS阳性反应较强，发情期子宫腺管腔变大、腺管上皮为单层立方上皮、上皮细胞及管腔内有PAS阳性反应；子宫黏膜上皮在乏情期和发情期均为单层柱状上皮，但胞核位置不同，乏情期胞核位于中央，发情期胞核位于顶部。患子宫蓄脓犬：子宫内膜肌层厚度比为1.615 0；子宫固有层和卵巢中胶原纤维含量少于正常发情期；子宫腺管腔大，且形状不规则，管腔内有炎性细胞浸润，腺管上皮为单层立方上皮，有淋巴细胞位于基膜，上皮细胞及管腔内PAS阳性反应较弱；子宫血管层及卵巢血管内弹性膜较正常发情期变薄，且有断裂现象；子宫黏膜上皮为单层柱状上皮，胞核位于基底。LF在乏情期子宫腺上皮和卵巢中的表达水平高于发情期，而在子宫黏膜上皮中发情期的表达水平高于乏情期。患子宫蓄脓时犬子宫和卵巢中LF的表达水平均较低。综上表明，犬正常发情期与患子宫蓄脓时的子宫和卵巢组织结构特点显著不同，LF的表达水平也存在差异。     

实验性鸡包涵体肝炎病毒侵袭过程中免疫细胞的变化

用鸡腺病毒内蒙古毒株（ＦＡＶ－ＨＡ）对１日龄ＳＰＦ雏鸡进行人工感染，经ＨＥ染色发现，各淋巴器官的淋巴细胞严重流失，肝脏等器官中单核－巨噬细胞活化增生；经间接免疫荧光法病毒抗原定位，除法氏囊外，均呈不同程度的抗原阳性反应，单核－巨噬细胞阳性明显，用间接免疫荧光法计数，实验组Ｔ、Ｂ淋巴细胞均明显少于对照组。     

K88—LTB双价工程菌苗的免疫效果及免疫母猪外周血ANAE^＋T细胞动态

用Ｋ８８－ＬＴＢ双价工程菌苗免疫妊娠后期母，然后采用酸性ａ－醋酸萘酯酶染色试验检测了实验母猪外周血ＡＮＡＥ＾＋Ｔ细胞动态变化。结果表明：Ｋ８８－ＬＴＢ双价工程菌苗免疫母猪后，其新生仔猪的大肠杆菌性腹泻的发病率和死亡率可大幅度降低。免疫母的细胞免疫功能增强，辅助性Ｔ细胞参与了体液免疫应签反应的辅助与调控，即Ｋ８８－ＬＴＢ可以激发Ｔ细胞辅助的体液免疫应答反应。     

淫羊藿-蜂胶佐剂对雏鸡腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能的影响

淫羊藿－蜂胶（ＥＰ）佐剂是一种纯中药免疫调节剂，临床应用可提高鸡的特异性体液免疫反应。实验证明，该佐剂可增强雏鸡Ｔ淋巴细胞转化率及ＮＫ细胞活性［１］，提高鸡红细胞免疫功能，降低马立克氏病的发病率［２］。本试验以免疫功能尚未发育完善的雏鸡的腹腔巨噬细胞...     

Histology, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure of the tonsil of the soft palate of the horse

The tonsil of the soft palate was an oval, flat structure located centro-rostrally on the oral surface of the soft palate. Its stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium was perforated by holes or small crypts the deeper parts of which were loosely spongiform inter-digitated with lymphoid tissue. These unusual features have not previously been reported in tonsils of any species. Crypts and reticulated epithelium as found in the lingual and palatine tonsils were not observed. Lectins showed varying affinities for specific layers of the epithelium. M cells were not observed. A few Langerhans cells were distributed among surface epithelial cells. Lymphoid tissue was arranged loosely and in isolated lymphoid follicles in the subepithelial lamina propria mucosae. Although IgA+ cells and macrophages were proportionately more numerous the amount of lymphoid tissue was much less than in the lingual and palatine tonsils. Most of the follicular germinal centres lacked a darkly stained corona. CD4 positive were more numerous than CD8+ lymphocytes and were distributed in the parafollicular and inter-follicular areas. Large clusters of mucus acini positive for glycogen, acidic and neutral mucopolysaccharides separated lymphoid tissue from deeply placed striated muscle. Only a few high endothelial venules were observed in the parafollicular and inter-follicular areas. These had relatively few vesiculo vacuolar or other organelles in their high endothelial cells and few lymphocytes attaching to their walls.     

雏鸡核黄素缺乏症的外周神经酶细胞化学

为进一步探讨核黄素缺乏时外周神经变化的发生机理,对琥珀酸脱氢酶、酸性磷酸酶、腺苷三磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶进行了酶细胞化学研究。结果表明,核黄素不足的鸡,雪旺氏细胞和轴突中琥珀酸脱氢酶活性下降,酸性磷酸酶活性明显升高,定位于雪旺氏细胞膜上的腺苷三磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性均下降。通过对琥珀酸脱氢酶、腺苷三磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶活性变化的动态观察,证明轻症鸡自愈的现象以及雪旺氏细胞中琥珀酸脱氢酶活性下降可能是形成脱髓鞘、外周神经水肿、导致雪旺氏细胞膜上的腺苷三磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性下降的原因之一,而增生的雪旺氏细胞中琥珀酸脱氢酶活性增强则可能是修复损伤的一种代偿。腺苷三磷酸酶活性下降与神经水肿密切相关。     

The Endometrium of the Anoestrous Female Pig: Studies on Infiltration by Cells of the Immune System

The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of immune cells in the endometrium of anoestrous female pigs, five sows in anoestrus by lactation and five pre-pubertal gilts (Swedish Landrace x Swedish Yorkshire). Uterine samples, taken immediately after slaughter, were fixed, embedded in plastic resin and stained with toluidine blue or cryo fixed and stored in a freezer at -70 degrees C until analysed by immunohistochemistry with an avidin-biotin peroxidase method. Immune cells in the surface (luminal) and the glandular epithelium as well as the subepithelial and the glandular connective tissue layers were counted using light microscopy. In the surface (luminal) and the glandular epithelia of gilts and sows, lymphocytes were the predominant immune cells found. There were no significant differences between gilts and sows. Macrophages were detected in the glandular epithelium of sows but not in gilts. In the subepithelial and the glandular connective tissue layers of both gilts and sows, lymphocytes were also the most common immune cells found. The numbers of lymphocytes and macrophages were significantly higher in the sows than in the gilts (p 相似文献   

猪流行性腹泻的病理学研究——人工感染乳猪的空肠上皮电镜组化研究

观察了人工感染流行性腹泻病毒乳猪的空肠上皮内碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶、琥珀酸脱氢酶和5′—核苷酸酶的动态学变化。结果,肠上皮内碱性磷酸酶对病毒侵袭的反应最敏感,染毒18h后,乳猪肠上皮微绒毛排列整,碱性磷酸酶反应明显降低;45h后,断裂脱落的微绒毛内可见到较弱的酶反应;染毒18h后,肠上皮内的酸性磷酸酶的活性增强。酶反应见于整个溶酶体,溶酶体数量增多、体积变大,多位于细胞的游离缘和扩张的内质网附近,此种内质网中可见到病毒。染毒45h后,肠上皮的溶酶体内可见到亚细胞碎片。染毒13～45h后,肠上皮内线粒体扩张呈不整圆形、内嵴破损,但其外膜的琥珀酸脱氢酶的反应却增强。肠上皮内5′—核苷酸酶的活性以感染18h为高。以上四种肠上皮内酶反应,在感染96h后活性均明显降低或消失。     

实验性兔出血症病兔肝脏酶组织化学变化研究

用组织化学染色法,对实验性感染兔出血症(RHD)病毒后不同病期(潜伏期、高热期、濒死期和死亡时)病兔的肝脏碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、三磷酸腺苷酶(ATPase)、琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活性变化进行了动态观察。结果表明,肝脏AKP、ACP、和LDH活性在潜伏期至高热期增强,以后各期均减弱;ATPase和SDH在病程各期均明显减弱。从而推论,肝细胞的坏死与ACP活性增强、溶酶体活跃有关;黄疸的发生与ATPase活性减弱及肝细胞线粒体受损有关;病兔的肝脏代谢以无氧酵解为主。     

Histology, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure of the equine tubal tonsil

The tubal tonsil of the horse surrounds the pharyngeal opening of the eustachian tube and is lined by pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium interspersed with areas of follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) heavily infiltrated by lymphocytes but devoid of goblet and ciliated cells. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed microvillous cells and cells with features characteristic of M cells such as reduced microvilli or depressed bare surface, more numerous mitochondria, small vesicles and lysosomes, as well as vimentin filaments and epitopes specific for GS 1-B4 as previously seen in the nasopharyngeal tonsil. M cells were also identified in areas of respiratory epithelium not associated with lymphoid follicles and appeared to be the nasal mucosal counterparts of recently described intestinal villous M cells in the mouse. The underlying lymphoid tissue of the FAE was generally organized as solitary lymphoid follicles without germinal centres in contrast to the diffuse and large amount of organized lymphoid follicles with germinal centres that characterize the nasopharyngeal tonsil. CD8+ T and B-lymphocytes were much fewer than in the nasopharyngeal tonsil. High endothelial venules were mainly oriented towards the parafollicular area and contained much fewer endothelial pores and vesiculo-vacuolar organelles. Finally, scattered small clusters of mucus acini and striated muscles were other features that differentiated the tubal and nasopharyngeal tonsils.     

Tonsillar changes in pigs given pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) virus

All of the eight 5-day-old pigs orally given pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease) virus developed tonsillitis. The initial changes occurred in the subepithelial area between the lymphoid nodule and the crypt epithelium, showing a characteristic pattern of necrosis. The necrosis became more severe and gained access into the lymphoid nodule and crypt epithelium. Coincident with the histopathologic changes, numerous specific immunofluorescences were detected, first in the nucleus and in some parts of the cytoplasm of cells distributed in the subepithelial area. The fluorescence subsequently spread into adjacent lymphoid nodules and crypt epithelial cells. Ultrastructurally, many enveloped virus particles were detected in the center of the necrosis. Thereafter, the crypt epithelial cells also underwent degeneration, and a small number of virus particles were detected in the nucleus of the degenerating epithelial cells. In the more advanced stage, the enveloped virus particles were discharged into the crypt lumen.     

Conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) in normal and Bordetella avium-infected turkeys

Conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue (CALT) was characterized in normal and Bordetella avium-infected turkey poults during the first 5 weeks of life. At 1, 5, 12, 19, 25, and 33 days post-hatching (DPH), upper and lower eyelids were examined by gross, histologic, and electron microscopic techniques. CALT was confined to the proximal part of the lower eyelid near the conjunctival fornix; it appeared by 5 DPH as individual lymphoid nodules and as dense masses by 19 DPH. In the upper eyelid, CALT was present only as isolated nodules. Histologically, CALT was composed of dense lymphocyte infiltrates within subepithelial connective tissue, intraepithelial lymphocytes, and flattened lymphoid-associated epithelium that lacked goblet cells. Germinal centers were in CALT by 19 DPH. By scanning electron microscopy, epithelial cells over lymphoid areas were flat and had short, irregular microvilli; non-lymphoid areas were covered by cells with tall, regular microvilli. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that with increasing age of birds, the epithelium over conjunctival lymphoid infiltrates became progressively flattened and infiltrated by lymphocytes. Some blood vessels in CALT had high endothelial cells; lymphocytes were in the lumen and between or beneath endothelial cells. In B. avium-infected poults, CALT was increased, developed earlier, and contained more germinal centers than in normal poults. We conclude that CALT of turkeys closely resembles other mucosal lymphoid tissues and may serve as a site for local antigen uptake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Light and electron microscopical observations on the terminal airways and alveoli of the lung of the SA (Cape) fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus

During activities of the Sea Fisheries Research Institute at Kleinzee, lung samples from six South African fur seals were collected. The terminal airways showed pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium with numerous goblet cells and occasional brush cells. Smooth muscle, cartilage and submucosal glands were also present. The epithelium changed over a short distance, in the smaller airways, through pseudostratified columnar non-ciliated to simple cuboidal epithelium with no goblet cells. The columnar non-ciliated cells contained secretory granules, which appeared to be serous. No Clara cells were found. Cartilage and muscle were present throughout, up to the origin of the alveolar ducts, but the glands disappeared together with the goblet cells. Alveoli were lined by types one and two alveolar epithelial cells, with subepithelial capillaries. They were divided by an alveolar septum with a well developed alveolar knob. This knob contained elastic fibres and fibroblasts, but not the smooth muscle cells which are present in terrestrial mammals and in Phocidae.     

豌豆状囊尾蚴组织化学的观察

观察了豌豆状囊尾蚴的主要生化指标的定位分布和相对含量。结果表明：头钩内含丰富的网状纤维。糖原主要分布于实质组织，尤以吸盘部位为最丰富。ＡＫＰ、ＡＣＰ和ＡＴＰ酶定位于皮层和钙质小体。本作者认为，这３种酶分布于皮层可能是协助皮层从宿主组织摄取葡萄糖。