鸡马立克氏病外周血液ANAE^＋T淋巴细胞动态

鸡马立克氏病外周血液ＡＮＡＥ￣＋Ｔ淋巴细胞动态程相朝，宋文成（洛阳农业专科学校牧医系，１７１００３）薄清如，邱震东（解放军农牧大学）为进一步探讨鸡马立克氏病时外周血液淋巴细胞增殖的意义，我们对人工感染京毒１号ＭＤ强毒鸡外周血液酸性：小醋酸萘酯酶阳性（...     

有效预防鸡马立克氏病

鸡马立克氏病(MD)是鸡的主要传染病,鸡群罹患该病使饲养者蒙受巨大的经济损失。该病的主要特征是淋巴细胞浸润和增长,在临床上表现为内脏型、神经型、眼型和皮肤型。MD病毒(MDV)属于B群疱疾病毒,具有很强的细胞结合特性,有三个血清型:MDV强毒及其致弱毒株为血清Ⅰ型;无致病力的自然无毒株为血清Ⅱ型;用作MD疫苗的火鸡疱疾病毒(HVT)则是该群疤疹病毒的血清Ⅲ型。1.疫病危害性马立克氏病毒传播途径多,危害严重。病鸡或阴性感染鸡可以长期带毒和排毒,它们的羽毛囊上皮细胞可复制具有感染力的完全病毒。这种完全病毒对外界有极强的抵抗力。病毒随皮屑和脱落的羽毛污染垫料、粪便、尘垢和空气等,并能在室温下存活4～6个月。病毒通过空气经呼吸道感染。健康鸡与病鸡直接接触,也能受到感染。在集约化、密集型饲养的地区,长年没有对该病采取有效地消毒和控制措施,则病毒在鸡群中不断地传代增强而形成超强毒,造成难以预防和控制的局面。     

鸡马立克氏病扑灭措施

甘肃省武威市某鸡场1986年5月因引种不慎,忽视检疫,引进马立克氏病带毒鸡300只作种用,翌年该场使用所产带毒种蛋孵化,雏鸡未做主动免疫,致使2—4月龄暴发马立克氏病,累计死亡3000余只,死亡率达70%以上。经采取综合防治措施扑灭了疫情。1988年对该场鸡群作马立克氏病监     

鸡马立克氏病及其预防

鸡马立克氏病及其预防崔治中（扬州大学农学院动医系扬州２２５００９）自１９６７年发现鸡马立克氏病病毒（ＭＤＶ）以来,已有整整３０年了。在这期间,人类未能消灭ＭＤＶ,但ＭＤＶ也未能毁灭养鸡业。然而,这３０年的共存却并不是平和的。１疫苗在不断发展,ＭＤＶ也...     

一例鸡马立克氏病的病原学诊断

为确诊贵州省福泉市某养殖场鸡群死亡病因,采集病鸡的组织病料进行细菌分离培养,同时采用普通PCR和荧光定量PCR方法对组织病料进行相关病原核酸检测。结果:病鸡组织中未分离出细菌;病原核酸检测显示,马立克氏病病毒阳性,新城疫病毒、禽流感病毒、鸡滑液囊支原体均呈阴性。结论:确诊病例为马立克氏病病毒感染。     

鸡外周血淋巴细胞糖皮质激素受体的研究

本研究应用放射配体结合法对鸡外周血淋巴细胞糠皮质激素受体(GCR)作了测定,并对生理情况下不同品种、性别、年龄的鸡和实验性马立克氏病(MD)鸡的外用血淋巴细胞GCR含量进行了研究.结果表明,鸡外周血淋巴细胞含有GCR.对其测定的最佳条件为:~3H-Dex饱和浓度为3.6nmol/L;孵育最适pH为7.2;孵育最适温度及时间分别为21℃,3h;用两次分离法获取的淋巴细胞GCR测定值不受红细胞影响.鸡外周血淋巴细胞GCR亦具有低容量、高亲合力及甾体特异性,其与~3H-Dex特异结合容量R_0=57.62±17.9fmol/10~7细胞,解离常数Kd=2.57±0.98nmoL/L.生理情况下,鸡外周血淋巴细胞GCR含量,表现为产蛋率高的品种高于产蛋率低的品种、母鸡高于公鸡、成年鸡高于幼龄鸡,而且表现为早晨含量高于晚间含量.实验性MD鸡外周血淋巴细胞GCR的浓度随着病变程度的加重而降低.     

An Outbreak of Marek's Disease in Chickens in Central Ethiopia

A study was conducted on an outbreak of Marek's disease in a commercial poultry farm containing 8500 chickens in central Ethiopia. On repeated visits, farm and flock history was collected, sick birds were examined and clinical signs and daily mortality were recorded. A total of 80 (27 sick and 53 dead) birds 12-22 weeks old, were collected, autopsied and examined. The mortality rate was 46% for the first 14 weeks of the outbreak. Acute and chronic (classical) forms of the disease, the respective occurrence of which varied significantly (p<0.01) in young (14.6% vs 85.4%) and adults (48.7% vs 51.31%) were manifested. All the autopsied birds had gross and microscopic lesions indicative of Marek's disease in the peripheral nerve(s) and/or visceral organs. Lesions involving peripheral nerves and visceral lymphomas were recorded mainly in adults (28/35, 80%) and young birds (34/45, 75%), respectively. These differences in the two age groups were statistically significant (p<0.01). Young birds seem to be highly susceptible to the acute disease. Poor management, overstocking and lack of vaccination might have favoured the outbreak. Marek's disease causes considerable economic loss and is a major threat to poultry production in Ethiopia. This report emphasizes that Marek's disease should be considered as a disease of economic significance in chicken production in Ethiopia and warrants due attention.     

马立克氏病病毒人工感染鸡细胞凋亡病变及凋亡机制研究

通过光镜、电镜观察以及免疫组织化学方法对马立克氏病病毒人工感染鸡的多种组织的实质细胞进行了细胞凋亡病变及凋亡机制研究。结果表明，马立克氏病病鸣肝、肾、心、脾、腺胃、卵巢、羽髓等组织、器官的实质细胞均出现明显的细胞凋亡病变。光镜观察．可见肝细胞、肾小管上皮细胞、腺胃腺上皮细胞、心肌纤维、脾脏内的淋巴细胞、卵巢内的颗粒膜细胞、羽髓细胞的细胞核裂解成大小不等的、致密浓染的球形团块。电镜观察，可见这些细胞的细胞核染色质经历凝集、边集、裂解，最后形成许多凋亡小体等不同阶段。免疫组化研究结果显示，上述细胞均有明显的FasL表达，FasL的表达表明细胞凋亡信号增强，细胞凋亡发生。     

网状内皮组织增殖病病毒感染SPF雏鸡外周血液T,B淋巴细胞数量变化

应用ＳＰＡ菌体花环法检测网状内皮组织增殖病病毒（ＲＥＶ）感染ＳＰＦ雏鸡外周血液Ｔ、Ｂ淋巴细胞数量动态变化。结果发现,１日龄ＳＰＦ雏鸡感染ＲＥＶ后７～４９ｄ外周血液Ｔ淋巴细胞数量,１４～４９ｄＢ淋巴细胞数量均明显低于对照组。表明感染ＲＥＶ的ＳＰＦ雏鸡外周血液的细胞免疫和体液免疫水平均下降。     

鸡马立克氏病CVI988／Rispens疫苗免疫效力试验

应用荷兰农业部提供的鸡马立克氏病（ＭＤ）ＣＶＩ９８８／Ｒｉｓｐｅｎｓ Ⅰ型致弱种毒, 在农业部批准的符合ＧＭＰ 要求的生产车间研制出鸡马立克氏病ＣＶＩ９８８／Ｒｉｓｐｅｎｓ 疫苗。将按国际标准检验合格的三批疫苗及进口商品ＣＶＩ９８８／Ｒｉｓｐｅｎｓ 疫苗接种１ 日龄ＳＰＦ 雏鸡, 于７ 日龄经腹腔攻击鸡马立克氏病强毒（北京－ １ 株） 血毒, 全部鸡只隔离饲养观察至６０ 日龄并作全群剖检。经测定： 非免疫攻毒组１００％ 发病,健康对照组全部阴性, 三批国产ＣＶＩ９８８／Ｒｉｓｐｅｎｓ 疫苗保护指数分别为９０－０, ９０－０, ９３－３ , 进口商品苗保护率为９３－３ 。结果表明国产和进口ＣＶＩ９８８／Ｒｉｓｐｅｎｓ疫苗均能提供对ＭＤ 较高的免疫保护力, 国产疫苗的保护效果达到了国际同类产品的先进水平。     

丝毛乌骨鸡马立克氏病的诊断

2010年3月,山东某养殖场18周龄左右丝毛乌骨鸡连续发病并陆续死亡,死亡率达20%.患病鸡大多表现为精神萎顿,缩颈呆立,鸡冠肉髯苍白,进行性消瘦,最后衰竭死亡.该鸡群已免疫马立克氏病病毒(MDV)疫苗.经诊断为鸡马立克氏病(MD),现报道如下..     

通过雏鸡MDV攻毒试验选择抗马立克氏病亲本

对F0、F1、F2亲本经继代No.614血型基因选择后繁殖的F2、F3雏鸡,10日龄以马立克氏病强毒（MDV）攻击至60日龄的死亡率,其父母亲对No.614抗血清呈阳性反应的试验组显著低于其父母亲对此抗血清呈阴性反应的对照组。试验组25个家系中,有14个家系的F2雏鸡死亡率显著低于对照组;F3雏鸡有21个家系的死亡率低于对照组,其中8个家系具有统计意义。肿瘤发生率,以肾脏和腺胃最高,肺脏和神经组织最低。综合血型抗原检测和MDV攻毒结果,从试验组25个家系中选留强MDV抗性家系留种繁殖,继代选育。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒变异E株感染鸡细胞凋亡的研究

研究了传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）变异E株人工感染28日龄SPF雏鸡后鸡法氏囊淋巴细胞的凋亡情况。电镜观察和DNA电泳分析结果表明,IBDV感染后12～48h,雏鸡法氏囊淋巴细胞出现典型细胞凋亡的形态学特征和生化特征;经流式细胞计检测和荧光染色观察,统计学分析表明,IBDV感染后24～48h,雏鸡法氏囊淋巴细胞凋亡数量显著增加（P<0.05或P<0.01）。试验结果揭示IBDV变异E株人工感染可以诱导雏鸡法氏囊淋巴细胞凋亡。     

Genetic Resistance of Egyptian Chickens to Infectious Bursal Disease and Newcastle Disease

Genetic resistance of native Egyptian breeds to very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was investigated in two experiments. In the first experiment, birds from four breeds (Gimmizah, Sina, Dandrawi and Mandarah) were challenged with vvIBDV. The Mandarah chickens had the lowest mortalities (10%) compared to the Gimmizah, Sina and Dandrawi chickens (55%, 35%, and 55%, respectively). Antibody response, lymphocyte response to mitogen, and bursal lesions did not clearly correlate with the mortality rates. In the second experiment, the four chicken breeds were challenged with virulent NDV. The Mandarah chickens re-emerged as a resistant breed (20%, mortality), while the Sina, Dandrawi and Gimmizah breeds were highly susceptible (85%, 100% and 100% mortality, respectively). Further studies on the resistance mechanism are warranted.