山东茶园天敌资源调查

选择山东主要茶区日照、莒南、淄博、泰安樱桃园和泰安小津口的生产茶园,于2009年4～10月每月上旬定期调查天敌资源种类,追踪优势天敌群落动态.调查发现茶园捕食性天敌17种,分属7目9科;寄生性天敌7种,涉及2目7科;荼园蜘蛛10科28种.三突花蛛、园蛛、蟹蛛、机敏漏斗蛛、迷宫漏斗蛛、白斑猎蛛是山东茶园蜘蛛优势种,地蛛在...     

赣北地区茶园蜘蛛种类调查研究初报

蜘蛛属于节肢动物门、蛛形纲、蜘蛛目。蜘蛛种类繁多,适应性强,是茶园害虫的重要捕食性天敌。作者近几年通过系统调查,先后采集到茶园蜘蛛,经整理鉴定有17科、82种。现将资料汇总如下。赣北茶园蜘蛛种类名录　1漏斗蛛科　Ａｇｅｌｅｎｉｄａｅ机敏漏斗蛛ＡｇｅｌｅｎａｄｉｆｆｉｃｉｌｉｓＦｏｘ,1937迷宫漏斗蛛ＬａｂｙｒｉｎｔｈｉｃａＣｌｏｒｃｋ,1758缘漏斗蛛Ａ.ｌｉｍｂａｔａＴｈｏｒｅｌｌ,18792.园蛛科　Ａｒａｎｅｉｄａｅ悦目金蛛ＡｒｇｉｏｐｅａｍｏｅｎａＫｏｃｈ,1878横纹金蛛Ａ.ｂｒｕｅｎｎｉｃｈｉｉＣ.Ｓｃｏｐｏｌｉ,1…     

英德茶区蜘蛛种群发生动态

调查了英德茶区蜘蛛的种群动态，经鉴定，记截了十五个科66种蜘蛛，在当地优势种为草间小黑蛛、警戒蝇豹、条纹蝇虎、粽管巢蝇、八斑球腹蛛、白斑猎蛛等，蜘蛛在各种捕食性天敌中约占70%左右，占居重要地位，测定了几种蜘蛛对小绿叶蝉的捕食量，调查了蜘蛛的消长和茶园施药后对蜘蛛的影响。     

茶园蜘蛛的初步调查及其保护和利用

蜘蛛是一类重要的捕食性天敌,保护和利用茶园天敌(包括蜘蛛)是开展茶园害虫综合防治的重要方面。我们在茶园综合防治示范试验的同时对茶园蜘蛛进行了一些调查研究,现将结果简述于下: 一、茶园常见的蜘蛛种类本所茶园蜘蛛有9科14种 1.微蛛科草间小黑蛛、隆背蛛属。     

陷阱法调查茶园蜘蛛多样性及种群动态

采用陷阱法收集茶园蜘蛛,对湖南茶区代表性茶园的蜘蛛多样性及种群动态进行了调查.一共调查到蜘蛛1457头,隶属18科,32属,41种.陷阱法收集的茶园蜘蛛大多数为游猎型蜘蛛,其中狼蛛科(Lycosidae)为优势科,前凹水狼蛛(Pirata procurvus)为优势种.茶园蜘蛛群落多样性、均匀度、丰富度和优势度指数跟时...     

兰岭茶厂茶园病虫及天敌资源调查

１９９５～１９９６年对该厂３０多ｈｍ２茶园进行了普查和重点系统调查。直到食茶害虫７６种，分属于９目３８科，主要为鳞翅目．有１３科４１种。茶树病害１５种，主要是芽叶病害，有９种。害虫无故明显多于害虫种群数量。已直到害虫天敌１３６种，其中捕食性天敌１１９种，寄生性天敌１７种。茶园蜘蛛是捕食性天敌的主要类群，有１４科４７种，在茶园蜘蛛中，以游猎型蜘蛛为主，有３１种，占蜘蛛总数６５．９６％。优势种是白斑猎蛛、黄斑丽蛛、斑管巢蛛、褶管巢蛛、斜纹猫蛛、八斑鞘腹蛛等。     

斜纹猫蛛捕食茶卷叶蛾的观察及其在茶园蛛口密度的调查

蜘蛛在茶园是重要的捕食性天敌,种类多,数量大,繁殖率高,从若蛛至成蛛终生需捕食,对控制茶园害虫种群有较大的作用.斜纹猫蛛Oxyopes sertatus(L. Koch)分布全省各地,是茶区的主要捕食性天敌蜘蛛优势种之一,在茶园能捕食茶卷叶蛾、小卷叶蛾、茶尺蛾、茶蚕的低龄幼虫,茶叶蝉、角蝉、绿盲蝽的若虫及茶小爪螨等,值得保护利用.探索其捕食量与害虫密度的关系,旨在给制订茶园害虫生物防治指标提供依据.为此,于1988年6～7月对该蛛以盛发的茶卷叶蛾(Homona spp.)初龄幼虫进行了捕食功能反应观察及其数学模拟,并进行了茶园蛛量调查.现整理报告如下:     

捕食叶蝉的茶园蜘蛛优势类群及其优势种

1988年在长沙高桥对不全国喷布广谱性农药的茶园进行茶园蜘蛛种群结构定期系统调查和考察,结果表明:捕食叶蝉的蜘蛛优势类群为跳蛛和管巢蛛类,跳蛛类中的白斑猎蛛、花腹纽蛛、条纹蝇虎,警戒蝇豹为优势种。管巢蛛中则以褶管巢蛛、棕管巢蛛为化势种。     

捕食小绿叶蝉的茶园蜘蛛种群动态研究

１９８８～１９９３年，采用室内外控制观察和固定地块系统调查相结合的方法，探明了茶园蜘蛛是捕食叶蝉的主要类群，明确了茶园蜘蛛中的跳蛛、管巢蛛是捕食叶蝉的优势类群，其优势种主要为白斑猎蛛、花腹纽蛛、警戒蝇豹、棕管巢蛛。在叶蝉高峰期的６月，跳蛛和管巢蛛的发生量分别占该月蜘蛛总量的２３．０６％、４１．４７％。本文揭示了茶园蜘蛛及优势种群数量消长规律。考查了施药及栽培农艺措施对蜘蛛数量的影响。为利用蜘蛛控制叶蝉制定防治策略提供了依据。     

崂山茶区茶树害虫及其捕食性天敌研究初报

采取随机调查和定点调查相结合的方法,调查了崂山茶区茶树害虫及其捕食性天敌的种类和数量。共记录茶树害虫（包括害螨）34种,分属于6目22科;捕食性天敌44种,分属于7目22科,其中天敌昆虫16种,捕食螨1种,蜘蛛27种。研究表明,该茶区茶树害虫大部分是由南方引进茶苗时带入的。目前该茶区的主要害虫是刺吸式口器害虫,主要捕食性天敌是蜘蛛。农药是影响天敌生存的主要因素。     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.