生物质燃气燃烧装置的探讨

根据生物质燃气的燃烧特性,针对目前国内仅有用于农村炊事的生物质燃气专用灶具的状况,指出开发一种用于工业生产的大功率生物质燃气燃烧装置势在必行.     

工业用秸秆燃气燃烧机设计

介绍了"贝龙"牌 BLJQ-X型系列秸秆气化机组秸秆燃气的基本燃烧特性,并按其特性设计出一种工业用的大功率秸秆燃气燃烧机.该燃烧机属于鼓风式燃烧器,可直接用于工业供热.     

基于生物质燃气介质下的落叶松热处理木材的制备技术

本文以人工林落叶松木材为试材、以生物质燃气为木材热处理介质,采用特定的处理装置和一定的处理条件,对照生物质燃气和氮气两种介质,试验分析处理介质对落叶松热处理木材性能的影响。结果表明:落叶松热处理木材的密度、平衡含水率和尺寸稳定性在两种处理介质中没有显著的变化,说明生物质燃气可以作为热处理木材的介质,并且具有处理成本低、原料来源广泛的特点。     

生物质燃气热处理落叶松木材性能测试

利用生物质燃气对落叶松进行热处理,处理温度190℃,处理时间4 h。测试落叶松热处理材与素材的平衡含水率、湿胀率和力学强度。结果表明:经过生物质燃气热处理后,落叶松处理材的平衡含水率和湿胀性明显降低,顺纹抗压强度和抗弯强度均有小幅下降,分别下降了6.47%和7.4%;而落叶松热处理材的抗弯弹性模量基本保持不变。由此说明,以生物质燃气为处理介质,在合适的热处理条件下对落叶松木材进行处理,在改善湿胀性的同时,木材的力学强度下降幅度可以控制在10%范围内,对其使用没有产生很大的影响。     

锥分式快速节能燃气灶

锥分式快速节能燃气灶本实用新型为一种快速节能燃气灶，突破了传统灶具的配风方式、燃烧器头结构和燃烧方式，即将喷嘴与引身器变为紧密性动配合，将燃烧器中的环形燃烧室变为锥形燃烧室，配风采用水射流技术等，使燃气进入灶具后几乎没有压力损失，并且燃烧呈负压状态，...     

采用高温空气气化法的生物质气化技术

采用1000℃以上的高温空气作气化剂,使生物质在高温环境下发生气化,获得含大量CO、H2及低分子烷烃的燃气.     

浅谈层燃锅炉应用生物质与煤混燃技术的改造方法

通过对生物质与煤的燃烧特性及相应燃烧设备的比较,分析生物质燃料与煤混合燃烧技术在层燃动力锅炉改造方面的可行性,并提出相应的改造方法.     

高致密固化生物质燃料燃烧特性研究

该文利用热重分析仪对以农业、林业生产剩余物的混合物作为原料成分的固化生物质燃料的燃烧特性进行测量,由测量结果可知:以农业、林业生产剩余物的混合物作为原料的高致密固化生物质燃料的燃烧过程分为水分析出、挥发份释放燃烧、固定碳燃烧和燃尽4个阶段,水分析出的时间段较集中。固化生物质燃料的挥发份含量很高,整个燃烧过程比煤要迅速,燃尽特性要优于煤,燃烧阶段更加的稳定和持久。     

生物质成型燃料锅炉设计

介绍生物质成型燃料的燃烧特性,阐述了生物质成型燃料锅炉各部件设计及参数的确定。     

工业锅炉生物质燃烧应用现状

介绍了工业锅炉中生物质燃料各种燃烧技术的技术特点和发展现状,重点分析了各种燃烧技术对不同生物质的适应性,展望了生物质燃烧技术的发展趋势,提出了生物质燃烧技术发展和应用的建议.     

Greenhouse gas balance of harvesting stumps and logging residues for energy in Sweden

Abstract

In this case study, forest fuel procurement chains of stumps and logging residues were evaluated using a Life Cycle Assessment perspective. Direct emissions from combustion were not included, but soil organic carbon change was included as changes in carbon stocks in litter and soil. The results showed that primary forest biomass for energy has a climate impact which is time dependent. However, in long-time perspectives, there are large greenhouse gas (GHG) savings. In a short-term (20 years), there were no GHG savings when natural gas or coal was replaced. This is due to the fact that the harvest lead to decreased input of organic matter to the soil which is compared to a reference where biomass are left to decompose. The reduction in soil organic carbon may have been underestimated in the stump harvest systems studied, as the effect of soil disturbance per se was not included. Important factors when assessing GHG balance of forest fuels, besides the time horizon used, were site productivity, geographical position and forest fuel resource (stumps or logging residues). When assessing the greenhouse gas savings, efficiency of the end-use, allocation method between heat and power and type of fossil fuel replaced were also important.     

两步进气法和水蒸气对竹材下吸式固定床气化性能的影响

以毛竹加工剩余物为研究对象,采用自制的两步进气下吸式固定床气化炉,在当量比(ER)一定的情况下,研究进气比例(AR,0%和60%)和水蒸气/生物质质量比(ms/mb,0,0.045,0.112,0.153,0.211,0.245和0.305)对气化炉性能(炉内温度分布、原料消耗率和气化强度)和可燃气指标(温度、成分、热值和焦油含量)的影响。结果表明:1)与一步进气法相比,两步进气法(AR为60%时)可显著提高气化炉炉温,并且分别在2个进气位置出现2个温度峰,分别为热解区的606℃和氧化区的856℃,可燃气的温度也增加至377℃; 2)两步进气法可显著提高可燃气的可燃组分含量和热值,降低焦油含量,CO含量、H_2含量和低位热值的最大值分别为17.47%、14.67%和4.54 MJ/Nm^3,焦油含量最低值为55.4 mg/Nm^3; 3)随着m_s/m_b从0.045增加至0.305,气化炉内各反应区的温度逐渐降低,与空气气化剂相比,虽然热值并未增加,但是可燃气中H_2和CO的含量发生变化,导致V(H_2)/V(CO)比例逐渐增加至1.01,有助于应用于合成气的研究。本研究为竹材废弃物的能源化利用提供了新的途径和基础数据。     

Generalized functions of biomass expansion factors for conifers and broadleaved by stand age,growing stock and site index

Parties to the Kyoto Protocol and/or the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) are required to account for their direct human-induced carbon emissions and removals including those from forestry and other land use related activities. In most European countries, the forestry related greenhouse gas inventories are largely or exclusively based on converting tree volume data from national forest inventories to biomass using biomass conversion and expansion factors (BCEFs). However, country specific data for many species are often lacking, which considerably increases the uncertainties of the greenhouse gas inventories. The focus of this research was to develop, using internationally published datasets that cover a large geographical area, an extended set of generalized curves of such biomass expansion factors for several species or species groups by age, growing stock and site index.     

小兴安岭主要森林可燃物类型地被物燃烧烟气分析

通过烟气分析系统测定小兴安岭地区15种森林可燃物类型地被物未分解层和半分解层燃烧过程中CO2,CO,CxHy,NO和SO2的排放因子和释放量,并分析不同可燃物类型的排放差异性和5种气体的相关性.结果表明:15种可燃物类型地被物燃烧5种气体的排放因子分别为3.16,0.31,0.007 0,0.005 4和0.019;5种气体总量、含碳气体总量和C02的释放总量分别为:1 330.56,1 321.25和1 200.56 mg·g-1,且均为半分解层大于未分解层;而CO,CxHy,NO和SO2的释放总量分别为:118.02,2.66,2.06和8.21mg·g-1,半分解层均小于未分解层;CO2,CO,CxHy和SO2的释放量之间存在着极显著的相关性(P＜0.01),而NO与这4种气体之间无显著相关(P＞0.05).研究结果将为评价森林火灾对大气环境造成的影响以及森林地被物的管理提供一定的科学依据.     

Ngodwana Open-root Nursery Operations Schedule as at 14.08.79

A techno-economic assessment of the potential of producer gas as an alternative fuel, taking into account local biomass availability. costs. requirements of industry and agriculture, and available technology and equipment was promising.

The approach in setting an objective and the methods of coordinating and organising the work towards establishing producer gas as a fuel in practice are given.

The success of the programme as an example of application of technology is indicated.     

国内燃气燃烧机现状及发展趋势

对燃气燃烧机分类及其各种类型的对比进行阐述,介绍了国内燃气燃烧机的产品生产模式,分析燃烧机的空燃比与节能环保、配风及风量调节、自动控制系统和燃烧机工作时安全保护方面的现状,就节能、燃料多样化、自控、点火等燃烧机发展趋势作了简要论述.     

Potential for climate change mitigation through afforestation: an economic analysis of fossil fuel substitution and carbon sequestration benefits

The impetus for this paper is Canada's commitment under the Kyoto Protocol to reduce national greenhouse gas emissions as well as reducing dependency on fossil fuels. This research assesses the economic viability of using biomass from afforested lands and industrial wood waste as a feedstock for ethanol production to substitute for fossil fuels in the transportation sector. Afforestation can increase the size of the carbon sink and also provide a source of renewable energy. Ethanol offers an excellent opportunity for greenhouse gas mitigation due to market potential, an ability to offset significant emissions from the transportation sector, and reduce emissions from CO₂-intensive waste-management systems. A case study of the economics of a hypothetical ethanol production facility found that a facility capable of producing 122 million litres of ethanol annually could have a net present value of CDN$245 million over a planning horizon of 36 years. This facility would require a supply of up to 960 oven-dry tonnes of wood-biomass per day and would result in net annual reductions of greenhouse gas emissions of approximately 349,000 tonnes of CO₂. This includes the carbon sequestered through the afforestation as well as emissions avoided through fossil fuel substitution. Using biomass from afforested lands and industrial wood waste as a fuel for energy production can be an economically viable tool for reducing greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing the sensitivity of transportation fuel prices to changes in gasoline prices. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.