温度对圈养蓝孔雀行为模式的影响

蓝孔雀属亚热带动物 ,在寒冷的北方冬季饲养具有一定的难度 ,国内外也未曾见报导。 1998年我们对蓝孔雀舍外越冬驯化进行了大胆的尝试 ,并获得舍外安全越冬的成功。通过两年的跟踪观察 ,经数理统计分析 ,得出温度对圈养蓝孔雀行为模式影响的一般规律 ,以期为同类地区蓝孔雀的饲养与繁殖提供参考依据。1　饲养概况用于实验的动物为夏季在哈尔滨市动物园内散放的蓝孔雀 ,留取 14只成年个体于孔雀园内进行舍外越冬。园内面积为 330 0ｍ2 ,内设用彩条布等搭设简单的无取暖设备的越冬棚 ,面积为 16ｍ2 ,供孔雀躲蔽风雪 ,御寒之用 ,并设有通往运动…     

蓝孔雀的饲养

孔雀俗称凤凰。广州英吉利实业有限公司从1987年开始引种,经过7年的保种、选配、繁殖扩群等饲养探索,总结出孔雀人工饲养的经验. 蓝孔雀是百鸟之王。产肉多,全净膛屠宰率达80％。孔雀内含蛋白质28％左右、脂肪1％,富含10多种氨基酸及多种维生素和微量元素,是高蛋白、低     

蓝孔雀的饲养

孔雀俗称凤凰,又称百鸟之王。我们英吉利实业有限公司从1987年开始引种,经过7年的保护、选配、扩群等饲养探索,总结出孔雀人工饲养的一套经验。 蓝孔雀是野味浓郁的肉用珍禽。产肉多,全净膛屠宰率达80％。孔雀肉的蛋白质含量约为28％,脂     

孔雀感染组织滴虫的病例报告

铜山经济开发区某孔雀养殖场，于 1998年 6月饲养 120只幼孔雀， 6周龄后不断发病死亡，每天都有 2－ 3只发病，总计 87只发病，死亡 71只，现存 49只。 　　经病原学和病理学诊断，确诊幼孔雀是因为感染组织滴虫而死亡。现报告如下： 　　一 .临床症状： 　　初见个别孔雀精神不振，食欲减退，闭眼，畏寒，羽毛蓬松，脱落，头畏缩于翅膀内，后来表现站立不稳，不愿走动，渐渐拒食，双脚无力，卧地，衰竭而死。 　　二 .病理剖检： 　　送检孔雀一般尸体消瘦，脱水。特征病变主要在盲肠，肝脏。肠道充满腥臭、淡红色稀薄粪便。盲肠异常肿大…     

孔雀的饲养与繁殖

孔雀的饲养与繁殖刘马根（江苏省扬州市瘦西湖公园动物园２２５００１）孔雀养殖业目前正在国内悄然兴起，使得这一以往仅饲养展出于动物园中的观赏鸟类身价陡增。下面结合本人的工作实践，谈谈孔雀的饲养、繁殖及疾病防治方面的技术要点，供养殖者参考。一、孔雀的生物学...     

探析动物园蓝孔雀的饲养管理

蓝孔雀有很高的观赏价值,在动物园中占据着极为重要的位置。本文着重对动物园蓝孔雀的饲养管理进行了探讨,以期促进孔雀饲养的动物福利水平,为逐渐开展孔雀繁殖、饲养的研究工作以及提高其观赏价值提供有效参考,并向公众更好地展示孔雀行为生态学,让更多人投入到保护孔雀的队伍之中。     

兰州市动物园孔雀的饲养管理

孔雀是世界上观赏价值极高的珍禽种类,在动物园充当着重要的角色。本研究对甘肃省兰州市动物园的孔雀进行了调查研究,从孔雀的生物学特性,其中包括形态特征,生活习性,食性,应激性,生殖习性;饲养环境及卫生状况;饲养管理;常见的疾病包括新城疫、组织滴虫病、痛风、禽痘、霉形支原体等的病因、症状、治疗措施等方面阐述了动物园中孔雀的饲养管理,以期提高孔雀饲养的动物福利水平,为逐步开展孔雀的饲养、繁殖等方面的研究工作,更好地将孔雀的行为生态学向公众展示,实现其观赏价值提供一些参考,使更多人参与到保护孔雀的队伍中来。     

孔雀新城疫的诊治与体会

本区某镇一院校内饲养的成年孔雀12羽,于2006年2月24日发现死亡1羽,另有3羽采食不佳,且有下痢情况。经临床诊断、病理解剖及实验室诊断,确诊为孔雀新城疫,采取相应的防治措施后取得了良好效果。1饲养情况本区某镇一院校占地面积约200亩,饲养12羽孔雀均为散放。经了解,发病的该批孔雀已于2005年11月26日进行禽流感疫苗免疫,免疫剂量1.5ml/羽。并经核查,未进行其它疫病的免疫。2临床症状精神沉郁,食欲减退,饮水增加,羽毛蓬乱,无光泽,嗉囊内充满大量的气体和液体,下痢,拉黄绿色稀便。由于该校内饲养的孔雀均为散放,对已死亡的1羽孔雀生前的某些…     

孔雀饲养管理要点

孔雀属鸟纲、鸡形目、雉科,是世界上价值极高的特禽品种.我国饲养的孔雀有蓝孔雀(印度孔雀)、绿孔雀(爪哇孔雀)和变种的白孔雀.蓝孔雀数量最多,已进入商品化生产阶段,白孔雀次之,绿孔雀属于国家二级保护动物,养殖数量最少. 孔雀肉可供食用,是典型的高蛋白、低胆固醇、低脂肪食品,是高档珍贵佳肴.此外还具有一定的药用价值,能解毒,其解毒功效在穿山甲之上.饲养孔雀设备简单、饲养容易、投资少、产出多,集观赏、食用、保健为一体,前景可观.     

孔雀膝螨病的防治

包头市某公园饲养孔雀42只,1999年冬季3只孔雀发病。临床表现为精神沉郁,食欲减退、不产蛋,头、颈部脱毛,皮肤角化并出现脓肿。经笔者采取孔雀羽毛皮囊进行实验室检验,确诊为孔雀膝螨病。由于确诊准确,对症治疗的及时,3只孔雀全部治愈。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.