饲料产品常规成分检验方法注解

饲料产品常规成分检验方法注解广东省饲料产品监督检验站胡冬生正确理解和准确运用国家饲料标准检验方法，是进行饲料质量监督检验的前提，关系到整个饲料产品的质量。为此本文拟对饲料常规成分（水分、灰分、水溶性氯化物、钙、磷、蛋白、脂肪和纤维）标准检验方法作一些...     

GB法常规饲料成分检验方法的改进

GB法常规饲料成分检测，检测时间长，耗能高。通过改进检测方式，满足国标规范要求，可以为生产和销售饲料产品质量，提供可靠检测数据。     

饲料常规成分检测应注意的问题

饲料检测分析是检验饲料质量的必要手段,通过对饲料成分的检测,可以了解饲料的基本质量,为企业调整饲料配方、实施质量监测和政府职能部门进行市场监管提供依据。主要就饲料取样、实验准备、检测操作过程中易出现的问题和注意事项进行了介绍,以期为饲料实验室分析和产品质量监测管理提供参考。     

市售饲料常规检验的对比分析

在饲料检验工作中检验员必须按国家饲料检验标准和方法，对饲料进行抽样检验和结果判定。随着标准化体制的改革，原来的国家标准经调整大多数改为推荐性国家标准，以企业标准为主的新的标准化体系逐步建立起来，这当中存在企业制定标准不高（能力和水平有限）或借标准化转轨之机制定了一些水平低的企业标准，使生产劣质产品合法化，出现了合格产品不符合国家标准的现象。因此，各级技术监督部门，对地方标准和企业标准的审批和饲料抽样、检验和结果判定应严格把关，杜绝低水平的标准出台。 以兴义市兽药饲料监察所２０００年１１月２４日送…     

规范检验室操作确保饲料检验质量

饲料检验工作是实验室的基础工作,检验数据的准确度直接影响着饲料生产企业的产品质量,对于第三方检验室尤为如此。现将应在检验过程及检验质量保证方面注意的事项总结如下,供同行参考。     

豪猪肉常规成分的检测分析

为了探讨豪猪肉的营养价值,以便更好地对豪猪进行开发与利用,作者对豪猪肉进行了常规养分的检测分析,并与其它常用食用动物肉进行比较,结果表明,豪猪肉是一种高蛋白、高谷氨酸、低脂肪、低胆固醇且口感良好的肉食品。其常规养分的含量符合现代人既营养又保健的科学膳食理念。     

饲料常规成分检测中应注意的问题

随着绿色畜产品的提出,饲料安全问题越来越引起人们的关注。通过对饲料常规成分的检测过程进行跟踪、调查、观摩和亲身操作、揣摩分析,对实验的准备、试剂配制、饲料分析实验整个操作过程提出了一些问题,并指出引起实验误差的各种因素与注意事项,为今后的教学和生产实践提供参考。     

美国:快速分析饲料成分的红外光谱仪

<正>美国贝迪尔勒仪器公司研制出一种快速分析饲料成分的红外光谱仪,使用该仪器时,只需取5-10克饲料样品调成浆糊状,并涂复到一块10×10平厘米的载玻璃片上,仪器可发射出1100×2500M的中长波红外线照射样品,其样品透射出的红外线光谱与饲料中有机成分对光谱的吸收系数不同,将这种光谱数据输入到连接的微电脑中,经过比较分析后则可打印出一种被测样品的营养成分含量。全部过程只需10分钟时间;而采用常规化学分析方法只少需要48小时才能得到结果,因而大大方便了在饲料检测中得实际应用和操作。     

水产饲料原料的分类

陆地饲养的畜禽与海洋动物所用的饲料原料差别很大。确定水产饲料的组分并分门别类地整理,则更为困难。对不同储存时间的各种原料适当分类是有益的。对于海洋动物饲料来说,所用原料的原则是“尽可能地新鲜”。     

Ergosterol as a measure for fungal growth in feed. 2. Ergosterol content of mixed feed components and mixed feed

Ergosterol was determined as a chemical indicator of fungal biomass in commodities which were used for the production of mixed feeds. It was found in all samples of each of the following components (content in mg/kg DM): Wheat (2.6 +/- 1.0), low grade wheat flour (fibre less than or equal to 3.5%) (17.3 +/- 9.1), wheat semolina bran (fibre less than or equal to 10%) (29.4 +/- 16.8), wheat bran (35.2 +/- 9.4), grain corn (1.0 +/- 0.6), corn gluten feed (7.8 +/- 3.0), corn gluten (10.3 +/- 5.0), maize germ meal (8.0 +/- 2.0), barley (3.1 +/- 1.1), malt sprouts (40.6 +/- 15.9), broad beans (0.6 +/- 0.3), peas (summer varieties, white flowering) (2.2 +/- 1.0), soya flakes (2.2 +/- 0.9), soya meal (1.1 +/- 0.7), sunflower meal (5.0 +/- 2.4), copra meal/expeller (9.1 +/- 1.6), palm kernel meal (12.6 +/- 11.0), rapeseed meal (2.6 +/- 0.8), linseed meal (3.2 +/- 1.6), manioc meal (8.3 +/- 2.7), beet pulp, dried (1.6 +/- 0.3), beet pulp with molasses (2.2 +/- 0.9), alfalfa meal (37.8 +/- 10.4), grass meal (62.4 +/- 37.0). Ergosterol was not found in molasses, citrus pulp, carcass meal, meat-and-bone-meal, skim milk powder, whey powder, fish meal (2 of 3 samples), mineral components, vitamin mixtures and other additives. Differences in ergosterol contents are discussed. With four mixed feeds it was demonstrated that the ergosterol content determined chemically in the mixture is in good accordance with the value calculated from the ergosterol content of the components and their percentage in the mixture.     

饲料产品中转基因成分定量分析的问题与对策

文章综述了国内外农产品转基因成分标识管理的现状,评价了现有转基因作物定量检测方法的特点与弊端,提出了以基因特异性为依据、建立更适合饲料等复杂产品中转基因成分定量检测的改进建议。     

定性检测饲料中三聚氰胺便捷方法的探讨

本实验在蛋白质饲料样品中按照梯度添加三聚氰胺,然后用热蒸馏水和三氯乙酸溶液处理,将上清液离心后滴入三聚氰酸饱和溶液,三聚氰胺与三聚氰酸在水中结合成异氰尿酸蜜胺盐,异氰尿酸蜜胺盐不溶于水,是白色沉淀物,形成乳浊液。根据反应的现象可以定性地判断饲料样中是否含有三聚氰胺。结果表明:当鱼粉和豆粕中三聚氰胺含量分别高于60mg/kg和70mg/kg时,可用此方法快捷、简便的判断样品中含三氯氰胺。     

饲料营养成分对牛奶质量的影响

<正>近年来我国奶业进入快速发展时期,2000年以来我国的奶类总产量年平均增长率都在两位数以上,奶业占畜牧业的比例迅速增加,人均占有量与十年前相比有了显著的增加。同时人们对牛奶质量的要求也越来越高,这就涉及到提高牛奶质量的问题,如何改善牛奶品质已成为各国营养学家研究的热点。牛乳含有水分、乳蛋白、乳脂肪、乳糖、矿物质、磷脂、维生素、酶类、免疫物质和色素等多种成分。正常的乳成分基本上是稳定的,但各成分也有一定的变动范围,     

饲料香味剂中香味成分检测方法研究

研究通过检测条件摸索优化和样品前处理方法摸索筛选,建立气相色谱法测定饲料香味剂中香味成分乳酸乙酯、乙基麦芽酚、乙基香兰素的含量。样品用丙酮提取,极性毛细管色谱柱分离,气相色谱-火焰离子化检测器检测,外标法定量。3个组分在0.02~5.0 mg/ml浓度范围内均具有良好的线性关系,相关系数均大于0.999 9,平均回收率在94.1%~98.7%,相对标准偏差RSD在1.8%~2.4%。该方法准确可靠,操作简便,使用仪器设备普及率高,易于推广,在饲料添加剂质量检测中具有实际应用价值。     

常见饲料中抗营养因子及对动物的影响

抗营养因子（ＡＮＦ）指的是饲料是（或代谢产物中）所含有的一些对养分消化、吸收、代谢及动物健康和生产性能产生不良影响的物质。本文就常见饲料中的主要抗营养因子及其作用机理进行综述。     

The occurrence of aflatoxins in some components and complete feed mixtures for pigs]

The feed components and complete feed mixtures used in pig breeding and fattening in June 1978 were examined qualitatively by the silica-gel thin-layer chromatographic method, and quantitatively by the method after Velasco. The object of the examination was the occurrence of aflatoxins. On the whole, 104 feed samples were taken and subjected to the laboratory examination; this total number included 77 samples (74.0%) coming from 24 farms and 27 samples (26.0%) from eight feed plants in the South Moravian region. The presence of aflatoxins was detected in 14 samples of the examined feeds, i. e. 13.4%. The highest content -- 1920 micrograms kg-1 -- was found in groundnut from India. As to the complete feed mixtures, aflatoxin was found in mixtures for pig fattening (A1 and SOL), in mixtures for pregnant sows (KPB), for lactating sows (KPK), and in the complete feed mixtunts ranged between 50 and 350 micrograms kg-1 of feed. The organoleptically altered feed samples, taken from metallic containers standing in front of the stables on the farms, contained aflatoxin almost in all cases. It will be necessary, on the basis of these findings, to take preventive measures during the harvesting, post-harvest treatment, and storage of grain and feed components, in order to avert the multiplication of the mould and deterioration of the feeds.     

饲料中氟腺呤含量HPLC检测方法的建立

建立了检测饲料中氟腺呤含量的高效液相色潽法。饲料中氟腺呤经甲醇提取,液液分配净化后,以40%乙腈溶液为流动相,在C18色谱柱上,紫外检测器(波长261 nm)下分离检测。方法的检测限为0.007 2 mg/mL,定量限为0.018 mg/mL。该方法线性关系良好,在添加浓度范围内,氟腺呤的平均回收率为85.7%⁹9.2%,相对标准偏差为1.9%99.2%,相对标准偏差为1.9%³.8%。经验证该方法快速简便,准确性和重现性良好。     

Bayesian analysis of the effect of selection for residual feed intake on growth and feed intake curves in Yorkshire swine

Gompertz growth functions were fitted to longitudinal measurements of daily feed intake (DFI) and BW of 586 boars and 495 gilts from a selection experiment in Yorkshire pigs for residual feed intake (RFI). The selection experiment consists of a line selected for low residual feed intake (LRFI) for 5 generations and a randomly selected control line (CTRL). The objectives of this study were to use Bayesian methods to estimate genetic parameters of the Gompertz curve parameters for DFI and BW, to evaluate the effect of selection for reduced RFI on the Gompertz parameters and shape of curves for DFI and BW, and to develop methodology for quantifying genetic variation at the level of the original phenotypes for DFI and BW based on the Bayesian analysis of the nonlinear model. Separate analyses were done for boars and gilts and for BW and DFI. A hierarchical model was specified in 2 levels: in the first level, the Gompertz function was modeled for each pig, and at the second level, a 3-trait linear mixed model was fitted to the 3 Gompertz parameters (asymptotic value, inflection point, and decay parameter), with fixed effects of line by generation and random effects of additive genetic and environmental effects. Bayesian methods were used to combine the 2 levels of modeling. A total of 30,000 random samples of the posterior distributions after convergence of Markov chains were used for inference. Posterior means of heritability within the first level of the model for the asymptotic value, inflection point, and decay parameter for DFI were 0.74, 0.66, and 0.82 for boars and 0.79, 0.70, and 0.57 for gilts; corresponding estimates for BW were 0.64, 0.58, and 0.60 for boars and 0.46, 0.35, and 0.33 for gilts. For DFI, LRFI boars had a reduced mature DFI (2.91 vs. 3.20 kg/d) and an earlier inflection point (85 vs. 95 d) compared with CTRL boars. For BW, LRFI boars had a lighter mature BW (279 vs. 317 kg), an earlier inflection point (184 vs. 198 d), and a decreased decay parameter (127 vs. 134 d) compared with CTRL boars. In contrast, LRFI gilts had a later inflection point (225 vs. 200 d) and a greater decay parameter (172 vs. 143 d) than CTRL gilts for BW. The other Gompertz curve parameters for DFI and BW for boars and gilts were considered not different between lines, with posterior probabilities of the line differences being greater than zero ranging from 0.1 to 0.9.