湘西黄牛与西本F1代母牛的生长发育与繁殖性能比较调查

在对湘西黄牛采取人工杂交改良的过程中,通过对湘西黄牛、湘西黄牛的杂交组合西本F1母牛进行了生长发育与繁殖性能的调查研究,并统计湘西黄牛与西本F1代初生重、12月龄、18月龄、24月龄及初配体重、初配月龄、发情季节、妊娠期、受胎率、成活率、所生犊牛的体重体尺及断奶后体重体尺(6月龄)。统计结果表明:西本F1代各年龄阶段的体重体尺数据明显高于湘西黄牛;西本F1与湘西黄牛的受胎率、成活率均无明显差异(P>0.05);发情季节大多集中春秋及夏秋两季,初配月龄在22~23月龄之间,初配体重比湘西黄牛重67.76kg,两者差异显著(P<0.05);西本F1代所生犊牛初生体重体尺与其断奶后体重体尺数据明显高于湘西黄牛,其泌乳性能也优于湘西黄牛。     

无角陶赛特羊与小尾寒羊杂交对后代生产性能产生的影响

通过无角陶赛特公羊与小尾寒羊母羊杂交,对陶寒F1代生长发育、繁殖性能进行了测定。测定结果显示,F1代3月龄、6月龄公、母羊体重、日增重较小尾寒羊都有明显提高,F1代6月龄羊胸围均显著大于小尾寒羊;F1代胴体重、屠宰率、净肉率明显高于小尾寒羊,F1代繁殖性能产羔率与小尾寒羊变化不大。结果表明:F1代早期增重显著好于小尾寒羊,肉用体型较小尾寒羊明显改善,繁殖产羔率较无角陶赛特有所提高,发情呈现一定季节性。     

无角陶赛特羊与小尾寒羊杂交自群繁育后代生产性能研究

通过无角陶赛特羊与小尾寒羊母羊杂交,对自群繁育后代早期增重、生长发育、繁殖性能进行了测定。结果显示。自群繁育后代3月龄公、母羊体重、日增重和6月龄体重较小尾寒羊都明显提高,自群繁育后代3月龄、6月龄和成年胸宽和胸围均显著大于小尾寒羊;自群繁育后代下半年各月份自然发情比例高于上半年,胎均产羔数为1．63。结果表明,自群繁育后代早期增重显著好于小尾寒羊,肉用体型较小尾寒羊显著改善,繁殖产羔率较无角陶赛特有所提高,发情呈现一定季节性。     

肉用绵羊杂交模式试验研究

用小尾寒羊和引入绵羊品种建立最佳的杂交体系,以无角陶赛特(P)公羊与小尾寒羊(H)母羊级进杂交,或以无角陶赛特(P)公羊与杂交母羊(罗姆尼小尾寒羊F1,陶赛特小尾寒羊F1)进行终端杂交.结果表明,三元杂交羊0～6月龄生长速度快,高于级进杂交三代羊;三元杂交母羊均为全年发情,级进三代母羊春季发情比例较低;三元杂交母羊产羔率也高于级进杂交三代母羊.     

无角陶赛特羊与小尾寒羊杂交自群繁育后代生产性能研究

通过无角陶赛特羊与小尾寒羊母羊杂交，对自群繁育后代(以下简称“自繁后代”)早期增重、生长发育、繁殖性能进行了测定。结果显示，自繁后代3月龄公、母羊体重、日增重和6月龄体重较小尾寒羊都明显提高，自繁后代3月龄、6月龄和成年羊胸宽和胸围均显著大于小尾寒羊；自繁后代下半年各月份自然发情比例高于上半年，胎均产羔数为1.63。结果表明：自繁后代早期增重显著好于小尾寒羊，肉用体型较小尾寒羊显著改善，繁殖产羔率较无角陶赛特有所提高，发情呈现一定季节性。     

摩本杂F1奶水牛繁殖性能研究

通过对昆明小哨全放牧条件下饲养的37头摩本杂F₁育成母水牛繁殖行为及性能进行研究，结果证明：初情期表现于体重在等于或大于240 kg、年龄1.5岁左右时；初配月龄24月龄，体重300 kg，第一情期受胎率平均25.3%，随月龄的增长受胎率增加。发情周期为20.9±2.7 d,发情持续时间为2.5±1.3 d；妊娠期为311.5±11.8 d。     

提高小尾寒羊生产性能的方法

1正确掌握初配年龄 小尾寒羊性成熟早,并且随季节、外界环境和饲养管理条件不同而有差异,母羊初次发情时问为167．19±16．74日龄,公羊通常在5-6月龄即能排出成熟精子。以往饲殖养有过早给母羊配种的习惯,个别羊只113天开始发情配种,这样不仅影响母羔生长发育,也可能影响后代品质。小尾寒羊初配年龄要结合体重和发育情况,一般应以母羊8月龄、公羊1周岁为适宜。     

奶水牛繁殖性能研究

 通过对昆明小哨全放牧条件下饲养的37头摩本杂F₁育成母水牛繁殖行为及性能进行研究，结果证明：初情期表现于体重在等于或大于240 kg、年龄1.5岁左右时；初配月龄24月龄，体重300 kg，第一情期受胎率平均25.3%，随月龄的增长受胎率增加。发情周期为20.9±2.7 d,发情持续时间为2.5±1.3 d；妊娠期为311.5±11.8 d。     

冀西北农牧交错带萨寒杂交F1代生产性能测定

为了改良河北省农牧交错带肉羊品种,提高绵羊的生产性能和经济效益,试验以白萨福克羊为父本、小尾寒羊为母本进行杂交,统计母羊产羔率和羔羊存活率,测定并分析初生及1月龄羔羊体重和体尺指标,并与小尾寒羊进行比较。结果表明:萨寒杂交F1代和小尾寒羊的产羔率分别为210%和220%,存活率分别93.33%和84.54%;萨寒杂交F1代初生体重、体尺以及母羔胸宽显著大于小尾寒羊(P0.05),公羔1月龄体重和体尺(体高、体斜长、胸围、管围、胸深)显著大于小尾寒羊(P0.05);萨寒杂交F1代羔羊较小尾寒羊羔羊多增重1.56 kg/(只·月),经济效益增加49.92元/只。说明萨寒杂交F1代稳定遗传了父本早期生长发育快、产肉多等优点,杂交优势明显。     

山羊冻精人工授精的技术要领

<正>在山羊冻精人工授精中,通过外部观察,做好母羊发情鉴定,找准适宜输精时间,对提高受胎率十分重要。1山羊的发情初情期。母羊6~8月龄开始出现性行为,表现为不断鸣叫,外阴潮红,喜欢接近人和公羊,外阴流黏液,尾摇摆上翘,采食减少且不安定。第1次发情叫做初情,此时不宜配种。初配。母羊一般在9~10月龄进行初配,体重也是考虑配种的重要影响因素,山羊体重达到成年体重的70%以上,一般在25~35 kg,此时适宜配种。     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。