外源药剂处理对柠条、侧柏苗木晾晒失水与栽植成活的影响

通过采用不同复配药剂对柠条、侧柏等苗木蘸根处理后进行晾晒,测定不同晾晒时间后的苗木含水量及栽植成活率,并在野外进行造林试验,结果表明：随着苗木晾晒时间的延长,苗木累计失水量增加,失水速率减小;采用外源药剂处理苗木能够减少苗木在晾晒过程中的水分损失,提高栽植成活率;通过试验对比分析,处理Ⅲ的效果最好。     

樟子松苗木持水量与造林成活率关系的研究

通过5个晾晒时间的试验水平对樟子松苗木进行处理,研究失水过程以及不同失水量与造林成活率的关系。结果表明,未经晾晒处理的苗木,造林成活率为86.5%;而仅经过15 min晾晒,苗木的持水量只下降了5.6%,造林成活率就降到了43.8%,经过3 h晾晒的苗木,造林成活率只有2.1%。由此可见,苗木持水量的多少是苗木成活的关键因子。樟子松苗木在晾晒60 min之内失水较快,60 min以后失水变得缓慢。     

川楝苗木失水处理对其活力及造林效果的影响

通过对金沙江干热河谷上段乡土树种川楝1年生苗木进行5种晾晒处理试验,测定不同晾晒处理后根系的相对含水率、相对电导率、根系活力和移植后的成活率,分析探讨川楝苗木水分与苗木活力的关系.结果表明:川楝苗木活力与其苗木水分密切相关,在晾晒的过程中苗木失水使相对含水量下降,相对电导率增加,根系活力下降,最终导致苗木成活率降低和影响幼林生长情况.在川楝造林时,要做好起苗后的苗木保护工作,尤其是根系的保护,这对于维持苗木活力,提高造林成活率和保存率有重要的意义.     

造林苗木的保护和护理

植苗造林是目前生产上广泛应用的造林方法,其成功的关键在于苗木内部的水分平衡。因此,造林苗木的保护和护理尤为重要,下面介绍几种苗木的保护和处理方法。1.苗木保鲜:当苗木从起苗出圃到包装运输及栽植的全过程,这期间应加强苗木保鲜,防止苗木过度失水,最好随起随栽。实践证明,在春季阳光直照下,二年生杨树苗晾晒10小时后,苗木可丧失水分45%一65%,栽植后降低成活率65%以上,在各季造林中,不管用什么树种,苗木都避免裸露晾晒,晾晒的时间长,就会被风抽干,降低造林成活率。相反,如果做到苗木保鲜,就会提高造林成活率。2.护根保湿:由于土地干旱,…     

提高油松造林成活率的研究

<正> 当前,油松造林还多使用裸根苗。采用这种造林方法会因蒸腾失水降低苗木的生根成活能力,从而影响了造林成活率。因此,有不少林业工作者都在探讨防止苗木失水的措施。我们从1982年开始,从药剂处理苗木根系入手,用油松、侧柏等树种进行了一些试验,取得了一定效果。现将试验情况介绍如下:     

苗木蘸根保湿剂在枣树上的应用试验

枣苗用苗木蘸根保湿剂、泥浆、清水蘸根处理后,分别堆放1、5、10、15d后栽植。晾晒5d后栽植的枣苗比蘸泥浆处理成活率高21.6个百分点;晾晒15d后栽植的枣苗比蘸泥浆处理成活率高75.8个百分点,且使用苗木蘸根保湿剂的枣苗树体生长健壮,每股着生吊数、吊长度、叶面积、叶片厚度均高于其他处理。     

不同浸苗与晾晒时间对山杏造林成活率的影响

以达到出圃标准,且苗木径、高生长差异小的1年实生山杏苗为材料,通过5次重复,5个浸苗时间及起苗后不同晾晒时间处理的植苗造林试验,结果表明:苗木的吸水时间与造林成活率呈正相关,当苗木吸水在15~24h时,成活率可提高13.8~15.8个百分点;苗木起出后,在露天晾晒,对造林成活率影响较大,随着晾晒时间的延长,造林成活率下降的越严重。因此,造林前苗木浸泡15~24h,确保苗木本身有充足的水分,苗木在起苗、贮藏、运输及造林过程中,减少自身水分消耗,是保障造林成活率的关键。     

5种药剂对樟子松苗猝倒病的防治效果研究

为筛选出对樟子松苗木猝倒病防治效果较好的药剂,本试验选择了百菌清、甲基硫菌灵、多菌灵、代森锰锌、敌克松5种药剂进行试验,测定5种药剂不同剂量处理对樟子松苗木猝倒病的防治效果。试验结果表明,在樟子松出苗后进行药剂喷施,试验的5种药剂均对樟子松苗木猝倒病表现出一定的防治效果。其中,敌克松对樟子松苗木猝倒病的防治效果最高,使用70%敌克松可溶性粉剂稀释800倍液处理后对樟子松树苗木猝倒病的防效达84.8%,多菌灵的防治效果次之,使用80%多菌灵可湿性粉剂稀释1 200倍液处理后对樟子松苗木猝倒病的防效达81.6%。百菌清、甲基硫菌灵、代森锰锌对樟子松苗木猝倒病的防治效果较低,但对樟子松苗木猝倒病也具有一定的防效。生产中建议在樟子松出苗后,使用敌克松、多菌灵喷雾进行处理防治樟子松苗木猝倒病。     

失水对苗木生理指标的影响

苗木从圃地经起苗、分级、打捆、越冬、贮藏和长途运输至造林地，体内部分水份已经失去，故仅有形态指标已不能确定其是否保持较高的活力。本研究通过对红松、云杉和落叶松换床苗和造林苗晾晒试验及其研究分析，探讨了失水对苗木生理指标的影响     

SH40中间砧苹果苗失水强度对其生理指标及成活的影响

为明确SH40中间砧苹果苗在起苗至假植期间中间砧段率先失水的原因,以1年生红富士/SH40/八棱海棠为材料,测定不同失水强度下苹果苗木各部位的生理指标及其对苗木成活率的影响,以期明确苗木所能承受的极限失水率。结果表明,(1)苗木失水快的部位在根系,根系失水快的部位在于细根;(2)苗木失水对后期的生长量有显著性的影响,苗木失水15%后其幼树总生长量较未失水的苗木显著降低,失水20%后,其树势明显减弱;(3)在各项生理指标中,束缚水/自由水与苗木的成活率呈显著负相关,通径系数为-0.936;其次为自由水,通径系数为0.878,呈显著正相关,苗木水分含量多少对苗木栽植成活率有显著影响。因此起苗至栽植期间,要做好苗木根部保护,尤其防止细根过多失水最为重要。     

黄花槐、香椿抚育管理试验初报

结合退耕还林工作,在重庆市涪陵区南陀镇对几个树种进行了护岸林造林试验,其中造林效果较好的2个树种———黄花槐[Sophora xanthoantha]和香椿[Toona sinensis(A.Juss.)Roem)采取不同的抚育管理措施,1 a后测定地径和苗高生长情况。结果表明:在三峡库区砂质土中造林,初期应采取适当的抚育措施是必要的,施肥与浇水措施应结合使用;对于苗木的地径生长,农家肥的效果好于化肥;而对苗高的生长,化肥的效果又好于农家肥;保水剂PK3005KL与农家肥搭配使用时,表现出了减效作用。     

我国苗木培育水肥管理研究进展

本文从苗木营养诊断技术方面介绍了当前植株营养分析的进展;同时从苗木生长所需的水分、养分等方面阐述了苗木培育技术的研究进展,为苗木培育水肥管理提供一定思路。     

Needle metabolome, freezing tolerance and gas exchange in Norway spruce seedlings exposed to elevated temperature and ozone concentration

Northern forests are currently experiencing increasing mean temperatures, especially during autumn and spring. Consequently, alterations in carbon sequestration, leaf biochemical quality and freezing tolerance (FT) are likely to occur. The interactive effects of elevated temperature and ozone (O(3)), the most harmful phytotoxic air pollutant, on Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings were studied by analysing phenology, metabolite concentrations in the needles, FT and gas exchange. Sampling was performed in September and May. The seedlings were exposed to a year-round elevated temperature (+1.3 °C), and to 1.4× ambient O(3) concentration during the growing season in the field. Elevated temperature increased the concentrations of amino acids, organic acids of the citric acid cycle and some carbohydrates, and reduced the concentrations of phenolic compounds, some organic acids of the shikimic acid pathway, sucrose, cyclitols and steroids, depending on the timing of the sampling. Although growth onset occurred earlier at elevated temperature, the temperature of 50% lethality (LT(50)) was similar in the treatments. Photosynthesis and the ratio of photosynthesis to dark respiration were reduced by elevated temperature. Elevated concentrations of O(3) reduced the total concentration of soluble sugars, and tended to reduce LT(50) of the needles in September. These results show that alterations in needle chemical quality can be expected at elevated temperatures, but the seedlings' sensitivity to autumn and spring frosts is not altered. Elevated O(3) has the potential to disturb cold hardening of Norway spruce seedlings in autumn, and to alter the water balance of the seedling through changes in stomatal conductance (g(s)), while elevated temperature is likely to reduce g(s) and consequently reduce the O(3)-flux inside the leaves.     

干旱沙区沙地云杉育苗技术及幼苗生长节律

以沙地云杉种子和1年生种子播种幼苗为试验材料,研究遮阴与否和不同覆沙厚度对沙地云杉幼苗保苗率和出苗率的影响。结果表明:从出苗到越冬,遮阴处理和不遮阴处理幼苗保存率为69.04%、17.35%,干旱荒漠区播种育苗覆沙适宜厚度0.5 cm。幼苗年生长规律研究表明:苗木地径和苗高的年生长规律基本相似,高生长从6月进入快速生长期,而地径生长从6月20日进入快速生长期,到7月苗高生长和地径生长趋于平缓,8月苗高生长和地径生长基本停止。在生长期幼苗地下部分干质量百分率和地上部分干质量百分率在生长季内持续上升,经回归分析,地下部分和地上部分干物质积累回归方程分别为:Y=0.000 2x-8.5223、Y=-1-0.6x2+0.092 9x-1 877.4。通过相关分析表明,影响地径和苗木生长的主要环境因子为最低气温、20 cm土壤温度、15 cm土壤温度和10 cm土壤温度。     

Root cold tolerance of black spruce seedlings: viability tests in relation to survival and regrowth

Root systems of 6-month-old, cold-hardened, container-grown black spruce seedlings (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) were exposed to 0, -5, -10, -15, -20, or -22.5 degrees C. Freezing-induced damage to fine roots, coarse roots and the whole root system was assessed by various viability tests including leakage of electrolytes, leakage of phenolic compounds, water loss, root and shoot water potentials, and live root dry mass. To assess the long-term effects of freezing-induced root damage, seedling survival and regrowth were measured. Leakage of both electrolytes and phenolic compounds differed among fine roots, coarse roots, and whole root systems. In coarse roots and the whole root system, but not in fine roots, leakage of electrolytes, leakage of phenolic compounds, water loss, and root and shoot water potentials were correlated with percentage of live root dry mass which, in turn, was highly correlated with seedling survival and regrowth. Compared with live root dry mass, electrolyte and phenolic leakage, water loss, and root and shoot water potentials were less well correlated with seedling survival and regrowth. Among the viability tests, electrolyte leakage of the whole root system correlated most closely with seedling survival and regrowth. Under freezing conditions that destroyed less than 50% of each seedling's root system, about 70% of the seedlings survived and subsequent growth was little affected, whereas under freezing conditions that destroyed 70% of each seedling's root system, only about 30% of the seedlings survived and subsequent growth was reduced compared with that of undamaged plants.     

Effect of shadecards,shelterwoods, and clearcuts on temperature and moisture environments

This paper presents a comparison of two common techniques used to improve seedling survival on hot, dry reforestation. Adjacent shelterwood and clearcut sites were located and instrumented to compare temperature and moisture environments. In addition, cardboard shadecards were placed beside half of the seedlings studied so that effects of this treatment could be assessed. Seasonal measurements or observations of soil moisture, soil temperature, solar radiation, air temperature, stomatal diffusion resistance, seedling phenology and survival provided the basis for comparisons. Shelterwoods and shadecards improved seedling survival in relation to the clearcut. Both treatments affected soil temperature but the nature of the effects was different. The shelterwood canopy decreased solar radiation incident at the soil surface and caused cooler soil temperatures throughout the soil profile. Shadecards reduced soil temperatures only to a depth of 20 mm. Both treatments reduced the duration of periods of high soil temperature.The shelterwood treatment delayed seasonal water loss and decreased seedling water stress as measured by stomatal resistance. Shadecards did not significantly affect seedling stomatal resistance. The differences in seedling survival caused by shadecards and shelterwoods are apparently due to different influences on the seedling microclimate. The shelterwood causes a large reduction in soil temperature as well as decreased seedling water stress. Shadecards modify the soil temperature environment less extensively and so have less effect on seedling survival.     

容器苗培育技术研究综述

通过收集、整理国内外对容器育苗的研究进展,从容器苗的育苗容器、育苗基质、培育技术等方面综述了国内外有关苗木容器育苗研究现状。育苗容器主要从容器的种类、容器的形状及规格等方面进行评述。育苗基质主要从不同基质配比对苗木质量的影响进行评述。容器苗培育技术主要从育苗方法、断根技术、炼苗、肥力管理、化学调控技术、光周期控制对苗木质量的影响等方面进行评述。     

失水胁迫对长白落叶松播种苗移栽期活力的影响

苗木形态、生理和活力状况是评价苗木质量的主要方面(刘勇,1999),苗木活力与成活率直接相关(Krameretal.,1979;喻方圆等,2002)。苗木起苗后经过分级、包装、贮藏和长途运输,到最终被栽植,这期间可能会受到失水、高温和低温、光照不足等异常因素的影响,导致苗木活力下降,从而直接影响移栽成活率。一些研究表明,失水是导致苗木活     

红松播种种子不同处理方法效果的研究

通过对红松种子进行3种不同方法的处理,在播种后,调查和分析不同处理方法对苗木生长情况的影响.结果表明,不同处理方法对苗木的发芽时间、出苗时间及出苗率影响较大;对苗木的高、径等性状指标的影响较大.3种方法中最好的是越冬埋藏法,其平均苗高4.4 cm,平均地径2.49 mm,生物量全干质量31.14 g.     

闽粤栲种源引种苗期试验初报

引种试验表明,闽粤栲3个种源在丽水的发芽率、苗期生长量和抗冻性等方面都存在显著差异,种源抗冻性随纬度递减而呈明显递减趋势。福建南平种源苗期综合表现良好,是丽水市可以进一步扩大引种试验的种源。