妥曲珠利对等孢球虫病亚临床感染猪群中仔猪生长的影响

由球虫属猪等孢子球虫引起的仔猪等孢子球虫病,被认为是一个会对养猪业产生明显有害影响的疾病。虽然此病不会导致猪的高死亡率,但会降低养猪者的生产率,从而影响其经济报酬(Torres,2004)。     

Effects of toltrazuril on the growth of piglets in herds without clinical isosporosis

Isospora suis is a widely prevalent and economically important parasite. The antiprotozoal compound, toltrazuril, was given as a single treatment to piglets without clinical signs in 10 herds. The daily weight gain (DWG) and mortality between the treatment date and weaning was compared on each herd in 10 treated and 10 control litters. The faeces of control litters were examined for oocyst excretion. In six herds, no oocysts were detected and treatment had no effect on DWG or mortality. In four pig herds, oocysts were detected and toltrazuril treatment significantly improved DWG by 25 g (P=0.003). Mortality rate was not affected. The partial economic benefit of toltrazuril treatment in positive herds was 0.20 euros per piglet. A single toltrazuril treatment of piglets in herds without clinical signs of isosporosis but with oocysts detected significantly improved DWG and was considered economically justified on each farm.     

藤茶黄酮对仔猪生产性能的影响

<正>藤茶是葡萄科蛇葡萄属植物显齿蛇葡萄(Am- pelopsis grossedentata(Hand-Mazz)W.T.Wang)的嫩茎叶。《中药汇编》和《广西药用植物名录》记载,藤茶味甘淡,功效清热解毒,主治黄疸型肝炎、感冒风热、咽喉肿痛。藤茶中的主要有效成分为黄酮类化合物,其中以3.3′,4′,5,5′,7-六羟基-2,3-双氢黄酮醇,即二氢杨     

Influence of tooth resection in piglets on welfare and performance

In six commercial pig farms, we compared the effects of two methods of tooth resection (tooth clipping with pliers and tooth grinding with a rotating grindstone) on teeth themselves, on skin lesions of piglets and of sow udders as well as on litter growth and survival. An intact group was included for control. Treatments were balanced within herds with sows assigned to one of the three experimental treatments. Observations were from 107 sows and their litters (n = 35 or 36 litters/group) at farrowing (day 0) and approximately 8, 15 and 27 days later. Tooth resection was done within 24 h of birth after cross-fostering. Data concerning sows' lesions were analyzed on a farm basis and those concerning piglets' mortality, growth and skin lesions were analyzed on a litter basis. Frequency and severity of udder lesions differed between treatments at farrowing and on day 8; differences depended on the location of the teats (front, median or rear). Litter size and liveweight of piglets on day 0 (11.9+/-0.1 pigs, 1.51+/-0.03 kg) and on day 27 (10.8+/-0.1 pigs, 8.08+/-0.10 kg) were similar in the three groups (mean+/-S.E.M., n = 107). Skin lesions on piglets were more frequent and/or severe in intact than in clipped piglets on days 8 and 27, whereas ground piglets had intermediate results. Because the length of the teeth was similar after clipping and grinding (P > 0.1), tooth shortening itself does not explain the differences between treatments. Overall, tooth resection had very little effect on sow mammary injuries and litter performance. It might reduce skin damage to piglets (especially, when it is performed by clipping) but teeth are severely injured.     

复合酸化剂对仔猪生长性能及腹泻的影响

试验选取24头28日龄、体质量8.4kg左右的杜×长×大三元杂交仔猪,随机分成2组,每组2个重复,每个重复6头猪。分别饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮和在此基础上添加0.2%复合酸化剂的饲粮。结果表明,添加酸化剂能提高仔猪日增重9.2%(P<0.05),降低料肉比8.7%,降低腹泻率42%(P<0.05)。说明日粮中添加酸化剂能显著增加仔猪生产的经济效益。     

谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪生产性能和血液生化指标的影响

试验选取21日龄的杜×长×大三元断奶仔猪66头,随机分为2组,每组3个重复,每个重复9～13只,研究日粮中添加1%的谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响.结果表明,添加1 %的谷氨酰胺可使断奶仔猪21～35日龄阶段平均日增重比对照组提高19.2 %(P<0.05),平均日采食量提高16.3 %(P<0.05),血清碱性磷酸酶含量提高74.3 %(P<0.05),血清尿素氮含量降低35.4 %(P<0.05),腹泻率明显降低.添加1 %的谷氨酰胺还可使断奶仔猪21～49日龄阶段平均日增重提高11.5 %(P<0.05),35～49日龄阶段血清尿素氮含量降低43.7 %(P<0.05).     

The use of toltrazuril for the prevention of coccidiosis in piglets before weaning

SUMMARY: To determine the efficacy of toltrazuril as a prophylactic treatment for coccidiosis in piglets caused by Isospora suis (I suis) , a single 1.0 mL dose of toltrazuril was administered orally to 1056 piglets between 3 and 6 days of age, in 5 piggeries. Prophylactic treatment of piglets reduced the occurrence of coccidiosis in litters from 71% to 22%. The number of antibacterial treatments given and the number of piglets affected per litter were also significantly reduced, resulting in some improvement in growth rates to weaning. The severity of diarrhoea was significantly reduced, as was the amount of oocyst excretion. The number of days that piglets excreted oocysts in the faeces was reduced from 4.9 days to 2.5 days. The detection of J suis in piglets with diarrhoea was reduced from 84% in the untreated piglets to 6% in the piglets given the prophylactic treatment.     

精胺对断奶仔猪生产性能和血清生化指标的影响

为了研究精胺对断奶仔猪生产性能和血清生化指标的影响,选用30头(21±2)d断奶的健康、体重相近的仔猪,随机分为5个处理组,每个处理6个重复,断奶当天起,分别每天口腔灌服0,300,600,900和1 200μmol的精胺,连续灌服3 d,试验期为14 d。结果表明:灌服900和1 200μmol的精胺,可显著提高仔猪的平均日采食量(P<0.05);在断奶后第7天,与对照组相比,灌服900和1 200μmol两组血清二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性分别降低了24.11%和23.17%(P<0.05),血清尿素氮含量分别增加了50.31%和49.69%(P<0.05);在断奶后第14天,与对照组相比,灌服900和1 200μmol两组DAO活性分别降低了16.80%和21.14%(P<0.05),而其他血液指标含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

丁酸钠对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

选用24日龄断奶仔猪45头,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每重复5头仔猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,2个试验组在基础日粮中分别添加0.05%和0.1%的丁酸钠,试验期为26d。试验结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组日增重分别提高8.01%和17.84%;腹泻率分别下降69.4%和75.0%;每头仔猪毛利收入分别提高15.39%和33.1%。试验表明,丁酸钠对断奶仔猪的生长有良好的促进作用。     

珠蛋白肽对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和血液指标的影响

将120头35日龄的"长×大"二元去势公猪随机分成3组,分别为基础日粮组、基础日粮+0.5%小肽组、基础日粮+1.0%小肽组,每组设4个重复,每个重复10头仔猪,试验期28d,研究珠蛋白肽对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和血液指标的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,0.5%小肽组平均日增重提高了10.9%(P0.05),腹泻率降低52.1%(P0.05);IgG、总蛋白、球蛋白、谷丙转氨酶分别提高了59.1%、19.8%、29.1%、49.2%(P0.05),尿素氮浓度降低20.1%(P0.05)。以上结果显示,珠蛋白肽能提高早期断奶仔猪生长性能,增强机体的免疫机能。     

Effects of sow-crate design on health and performance of sows and piglets

The effects of sow-crate design on certain health and performance traits of 211 sows and their piglets were evaluated with a 2 X 2 X 4 factorial arrangement of crate width (narrow [N = 55 cm] or wide [W = 64] between lowest horizontal pipes), length (short [S = 183 cm] or long [L = 198] from rump stop to front gate) and side type (lower side of sow crate "fingered" [F], "bowed" bottom bar--marking the sow zone 19.3 cm wider at the bottom--20 cm above the floor [B], or straight bottom bar 20 cm [S20] or 25 cm above the floor [S25]). Between d 107 to 110 postcoitum and d 21 postpartum, no crate design variable affected the sow's body-weight change, but side type tended to affect the most prominent head-neck and leg integumentary lesions. Number of stillborn piglets/litter was greater with W crates than with N, except with crates having S20 sides, and was greater with L crates than with S. More piglets were crushed to death in W crates than N crates, and stillbirth frequency was greater in L crates than in S, but overall preweaning piglet mortality was affected by no crate-design feature. At both 7 and 21 d of age, piglets' knee lesions were most severe with S20 crates and least with S25, whereas face-lesion score was unaffected by crate design. Piglet body weight at age 21 d was least with S20 crates and greatest with F and S25. No crate-design variable affected within-litter variation in piglet growth rate. Sow-crate design affected important health and performance traits of piglets through postnatal d 21.     

饲喂IgG对仔猪血液生化指标和生产性能的影响

试验分两批选用 12 0 ,6 0头大白仔猪 ,出生 2 4h之内饲喂不同剂量的免疫球蛋白制剂 0 ,4 80 ,96 0mg ,均吮食初乳。于仔猪 5 ,10 ,15日龄前腔静脉采血 ,测定血清总蛋白、血清IgG、血清碱性磷酸酶和血红蛋白含量 ,并测定仔猪断奶时增重 ,哺乳前、后期平均日增重。结果表明 :饲喂不同水平的IgG ,仔猪 5 ,10日龄血清总蛋白、血清碱性磷酸酶活性和血红蛋白含量均显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。饲喂高水平IgG(96 0mg)的仔猪 ,5日龄血清IgG水平显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。哺乳前期 (0～ 15日龄 )各处理组仔猪平均日增重显著高对照组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,断奶时增重也显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 5 )。     

Effects of composite antimicrobial peptide on growth performance and health in weaned piglets

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of composite antimicrobial peptide (CAP) on growth performance and health status in weaned piglets. Over 28 days, 36 weaned piglets (body weight, 10.58 ± 0.99 kg) underwent three treatments: negative control (NC, basal diet), positive control (PC, basal diet + 20 mg/kg colistin sulphate + 50 mg/kg kitasamycin), and CAP treatment (CAP, basal diet with 400 mg/kg CAP). Average daily gain of piglets fed the CAP diet was greater (P < 0.05) than that of piglets fed the PC or NC diet during days 1–7, 8–14 and 15–21. Diarrhea rates of piglets fed the CAP or PC diet were lower (P < 0.05) than those of NC‐fed piglets during days 1–7. Apparent total tract digestibility for dry matter and crude ash in CAP‐fed piglets was greater (P < 0.05) than that of NC‐fed piglets. In the CAP group, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts were greater (P < 0.05) and Escherichia coli counts were lower (P < 0.05) than numbers for the NC group. Our results indicate that dietary CAP had beneficial effects on growth performance and health status in weaned piglets.     

不同添加剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

为对比不同添加剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响,选取180头体重7 kg左右杜长大三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为3组,每组2重复,每重复30头,对照组饲喂含2 000 mg/kg氧化锌+0.55%石粉日粮,试验组Ⅰ日粮中含0.55%石粉+500 mg/kg肠溶型包衣锌制剂,试验组Ⅱ日粮中含0.385%有机复合酸钙+0.15%酸化剂,进行为期14 d的饲养试验。结果表明,两个试验组仔猪的生产性能和抗腹泻能力均能保持在正常的生产水平,且生产性能比对照组还有一定的改善,同时还可以去除长时间使用氧化锌后仔猪生长过慢、毛长以及抵抗力水平低的副作用和高锌对水、土等环境的污染,可在生产中予以推广使用。     

三种不同药物对断奶仔猪生产性能和健康状况的影响

试验共选用135头日龄相近的断奶仔猪(40日龄左右),随机将其分到3个日粮处理组中。本试验分两期进行,第1期进行3个重复试验,其中阉公猪2个重复,小母猪1个重复,该期阉公猪和小母猪平均初始体重分别为9.91±1.37kg和10.4±0.86kg;第2期进行2个重复试验,其中阉公猪和小母猪各1个重复,二者平均初始体重分别为9.83±1.00kg和9.57±1.00kg。3个处理日粮分别在基础日粮中添加一定比例的药物添加剂:处理1组为基础日粮+10mg/kg那西肽,处理2组为基础日粮+20mg/kg效美素,处理3组为基础日粮+12mg/kg恩拉霉素。两期试验持续期均为7d,并且都是从断奶后第2d开始进行的。统计结果表明,处理1组仔猪平均日增重显著优于处理3组(p=0.048),而平均日采食量与处理3组相比有提高的趋势(P0.10)。对于其他生产性能指标,各处理组之间差异不显著。从数值上看,处理1组仔猪的采食量和日增重都是最佳的,而饲料效率与处理2组相当,处理3组仔猪在生产性能上的表现最差。不同药物对阉公猪和小母猪增重的影响不尽一致,总体上看小母猪平均日增重比阉公猪大,但这也可能与小母猪初始体重较大有关。从腹泻情况看,各处理组仔猪腹泻频率不存在显著差异。考虑药物的相对价格以及对仔猪生长和健康的影响,在该期饲料中添加10mg/kg那西肽是值得推荐的。     

日粮添加阿拉伯木聚糖酶对仔猪血液生化指标和生长性能的影响

探索阿拉伯木聚糖酶对日粮中非淀粉多糖的作用效果。试验选取16头平均体重(7.74±1.03)kg的28日龄长×大断奶仔猪,分为基础日粮(对照日粮组)和基础日粮+1.0 g/kg阿拉伯木聚糖酶(试验日粮组),分别在试验第12 d、第24 d测定各组内脏器官重量、血液生化指标。试验结果表明,在试验第24 d试验日粮组日增重明显高于对照日粮组,且有显著性差异(P<0.05);在不同的试验时期,试验日粮组对内脏器官绝对重量的影响较大,对相对重量的影响较小,对脾脏的影响无显著性差异(P>0.05);在不同试验时间,两组的血清IgGI、gM、肌酐、血糖、血氨、甘油三酯、总蛋白的含量均无显著性差异(P>0.05),第24 d试验日粮组低密度脂蛋白含量均高于其他各组,且有显著性差异(P<0.05),对照日粮组低密度脂蛋白含量高于第12 d,且有显著性差异(P<0.05),试验日粮组血清尿素氮含量明显低于对照组,且在试验第12 d、第24 d时两组间均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。日粮添加阿拉伯木聚糖酶能提高断奶仔猪日增重,从而影响仔猪生长性能和相关血液生化指标。     

仔猪日粮中添加糖萜素对生产性能及腹泻率影响研究

本试验按性别和体重选用120头杜×长×大21日龄断奶健康仔猪进行饲喂试验,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每重复8头猪。研究结果表明,饲料中添加糖萜素,提高了仔猪的日增重和采食量。糖萜素与黄霉素有一定的协同作用。     

菊粉对断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的作用研究

试验旨在探讨菊粉对断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的作用,采用单因子随机分组设计,选取30日龄三元杂交(杜×长×大)仔猪64头,随机分成4组(对照组和试验1、2、3组),每组4个重复,分别饲喂含0%、1%、1.5%、2%菊粉的日粮,试验为期5周。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验1组、2组和3组平均日增重、脾脏指数、胸腺指数和IgA水平显著提高(P<0.05),腹泻指数显著降低(P<0.05),试验1组和2组与对照组相比,日均采食量显著提高(P<0.05)。菊粉可提高断奶仔猪生产性能和免疫功能,且饲料中添加1.5%的菊粉效果最好。     

Effects of farrowing crate floors on health and performance of piglets and sows

Three types of raised perforated floor were compared with floor-level concrete which had perforated flooring at the rear. Piglets on raised perforated floors grew faster (P less than 0.05) to 21 days than pigs on mainly solid floors (205 g/day and 198 g/day, respectively). The mortality in the first 21 days of all pigs born did not differ between raised (18.4 per cent) and mainly solid floors (18.7 per cent) and there were no effects of individual floor types on overall survival or on deaths due to crushing. The incidence of diarrhoea was not significantly less on raised than on solid floors (27 per cent and 34 per cent of litters, respectively) but antibiotic treatment time was shortened (0.9 days and 1.2 days, P less than 0.05). The incidence of splayleg was highest on fibreglass slats. Concrete floors caused most knee abrasions but the incidence of arthritis was unaffected. Approximately twice as many sows on mainly solid floors went off their feed or had a high rectal temperature compared with sows on raised perforated floors. No differences were observed between narrow or A-frame farrowing crates.     

血红素铁对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液指标的影响

选取120头28日龄断奶仔猪,随机分成4个处理组,即1个对照组和3个试验组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别饲喂基础日粮中血红素铁净添加量为27.5、55.0、85.0 mg/kg的3种试验日粮,研究日粮中添加血红素铁对断奶仔猪的生长性能、血液指标(血红蛋白浓度、免疫球蛋白浓度)的影响。试验正试期13 d。结果表明,血红素铁各添加量组均能够提高仔猪的生长性能,日粮中血红素铁添加量为55 mg/kg时,仔猪平均日增重、饲料转化率较对照组分别提高12.02%和10.27%(P<0.05)。血红素铁对断奶仔猪有良好的促生长作用,也在一定程度上提高了仔猪血液中血红蛋白和IgG浓度。