共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Anderson F. da Cunha Sara J. Ramos Michelle Domingues Amanda Shelby Hugues Beaufrère Rhett Stout Mark J. Acierno 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(5):1068-1075
Objectives
1) To determine which peripheral artery commonly used for invasive arterial blood pressure (IBP) monitoring yields the least bias when compared with noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) values obtained at the antebrachium of the dog, and 2) to identify and describe differences in systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic arterial pressures (DAP) among different anatomical locations.Study design
Prospective experimental study.Animals
Twenty adult hound dogs weighing 24.5 ± 1.1 kg (mean ± standard deviation).Methods
Four peripheral arteries—dorsal pedal, median caudal, intermediate auricular and superficial palmar arteries—were catheterized with 20 gauge, 3.8 cm catheters. One NIBP cuff was placed in the middle third of the antebrachium. Four sets of IBP and NIBP measurements were simultaneously collected every 2 minutes. A linear mixed model was performed to analyze the collected data.Results
IBP values varied depending on the arterial catheterization site. The difference was greater for SAP. NIBP measured at the antebrachium had the best agreement with IBP measured at the median caudal artery.Conclusion and clinical relevance
IBP varies among anatomical locations. The smallest bias and narrowest limits of agreement were obtained at the median caudal artery, providing the best overall agreement with the equipment studied. The median caudal artery may be the preferable anatomical location for clinical comparison studies between IBP and NIBP in dogs when the cuff is on the antebrachium. 相似文献2.
Tyfane T. Yamaoka Derek Flaherty Patricia Pawson Marian Scott Adam Auckburally 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):492-501
Objective
To assess agreement between noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) oscillometrically-derived values from a multiparameter monitor (Datex Ohmeda S/5 Compact) with those obtained by invasive blood pressure (IBP) measurement in anaesthetised horses undergoing elective surgery.Study design
Prospective clinical study.Animals
A total of 40 healthy adult horses.Methods
Horses were anaesthetised with various anaesthetic protocols (based on clinical requirements). Depending on positioning, cannulation of the facial or lateral metatarsal artery was performed for IBP measurement. The cannula was connected via a transducer to the monitor. An appropriately sized NIBP cuff was placed around the tail base and connected to the same monitor. Systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial blood pressures were continuously recorded from the invasive system, and at 3 minute intervals from the oscillometric system, throughout the surgical procedure using a Datex iCollect program. An appropriate arithmetic correction factor was applied to the oscillometric results where the cuff was not level with the heart. Assessment of the degree of agreement between invasive and noninvasive readings at each time point was performed using a modified Bland-Altman analysis.Results
While in many horses there was relatively close correlation between the values obtained over time, there was substantial variability in individual animals which resulted in wide Bland-Altman limits of agreement. The oscillometric device over-reads by approximately 32, 23 and 22 mmHg, and under-reads by 26, 17 and 19 mmHg for SAP, MAP and DAP, respectively, compared with the IBP values. However, using the mean difference and standard deviation, the device conforms to American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) standards.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Oscillometric blood pressure measurement using the Datex Ohmeda S/5 Compact multiparameter monitor conforms to ACVIM standards when the NIBP cuff is placed on the tail. However, because of the wide variability in measurements, we cannot recommend this technique to guide therapy in anaesthetised adult horses. 相似文献3.
Kaylee S. Bohaychuk-Preuss M. Valentina Carrozzo Tanya Duke-Novakovski 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):483-491
Objective
To record the cardiopulmonary effects of pleural CO2 positive pressure insufflation in anesthetized horses.Study design
Prospective study.Animals
Seven horses (mean ± standard deviation, 530.9 ± 68.1 kg) undergoing terminal surgery.Methods
Horses were sedated with xylazine. Anesthesia was induced with ketamine–propofol and maintained with isoflurane, positive pressure ventilation, detomidine infusion, and butorphanol with the horses in dorsal recumbency. Baseline measurements were cardiac output, heart rate, pulmonary and systemic arterial and right atrial blood pressures, body temperature, expired and inspired gas concentrations, and arterial and mixed venous blood gases, electrolytes, glucose, and lactate concentrations. An 18 gauge 6.6 cm needle was inserted into the right pleural cavity midway between the sternum and dorsal midline in the sixth or seventh intercostal space for pleural pressure (PP) measurement. A 14 gauge 18 cm needle placed 5 cm below the previous needle allowed CO2 insufflation into the pleural cavity. All measurements were repeated after: needle insertion, at 2, 5, and 8 mmHg PPs, and after pleural gas removal (GR). Data were compared with baseline using one-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. p < 0.05 was considered significant.Results
Actual PPs were within 1.1 mmHg of the targeted PP. Pulmonary systolic and mean arterial pressures, alveolar dead space to tidal volume ratio, and isoflurane requirements increased at 8 mmHg PP and GR. Cardiac index decreased at 5 mmHg PP. Stroke index decreased at 2 mmHg PP to GR. PaO2 decreased at 5 mmHg PP to GR. PaCO2 increased at 8 mmHg PP and GR. Oxygen delivery decreased at 5 and 8 mmHg PP. Intrapulmonary shunt fraction and lactate concentration increased with GR.Conclusions and clinical relevance:
Severe adverse cardiopulmonary effects arise from CO2 positive pressure insufflation into the right hemithorax in dorsally recumbent isoflurane-anesthetized horses. PP should be ≤2 mmHg. 相似文献4.
Preet M. Singh Katherine Reid Ravindra Gaddam Madhav Bhatia Stefan Smith Antony Jacob Paul Chambers 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(5):1149-1155
Objective
To determine the anti-inflammatory efficacy of choline in vivo and in vitro and to investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of choline.Study design
Randomized, controlled studies.Animals
In vivo trials used 16 Romney sheep. In vitro experiments utilized RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells.Methods
Hypoxaemia induced in 16 sheep by intravenous (IV) injection of 50 μg kg–1 xylazine, an α-2 agonist, was measured in sheep at 0, 1 and 4 minutes using arterial blood gas analysis with and without 50 mg kg–1 IV choline chloride premedication. Cell culture studies used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure the release of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) from lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated macrophages with and without choline chloride premedication. TNF-α release was compared to thalidomide suppressed and untreated cells.Results
Choline premedication in sheep mitigated a reduction in arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) but did not prevent development of clinically significant hypoxaemia. Decrease in mean PaO2 of choline treated sheep was 6.36 kPa (47.7 mmHg) compared to 9.81 kPa (73.6 mmHg) in control sheep. In vitro studies demonstrate that choline administered concurrent with LPS activation did not significantly suppress TNF-α expression but that treatment of cells with choline 10 minutes prior to LPS activation did significantly suppress TNF-α expression. Choline pretreated cells expressed 23.99 ± 4.52 ng mg–1 TNF-α while LPS only control cells expressed 33.83 ± 3.20 ng mg–1.Conclusions
Choline is able to prevent macrophage activation in vitro when administered prior to LPS activation and may reduce hypoxaemia in sheep developing pulmonary oedema after xylazine administration. This effect requires premedication with choline.Clinical relevance
Pharmacological manipulation of autonomic inflammatory responses holds promise for the treatment of inflammation. However, the complex cellular mechanisms involved in this reflex means that an adequate therapy should approach multiple pathways and mechanisms of the inflammatory response. 相似文献5.
Yael Shilo-Benjamini Peter J. Pascoe Erik R. Wisner Nili Kahane Philip H. Kass David J. Maggs 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(4):925-932
Objective
To compare injectate distribution and likelihood of regional anesthesia to the orbit following retrobulbar (RB) or peribulbar (PB) injections in dog cadavers.Study design
Randomized, masked study.Animals
Twenty-four dog cadavers (aged 5.5–17 years, 2.0–36.3 kg).Methods
Orbits underwent one of three injection techniques with bupivacaine 0.5% and iohexol (1:1): ventrolateral RB injection (1–2 mL; 15 orbits), medial canthal PB injection (2–8 mL; PB-1; 16 orbits), or dorsomedial and ventrolateral PB injections (each 1–4 mL; PB-2; 16 orbits). The likelihood of successful regional anesthesia was estimated based on computed tomographic images scored for injectate volume of distribution at the base and within the extraocular muscle cone (EOMC), and injectate distribution around the optic nerve. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured before and after injections. Mixed-effects linear regression with post hoc Bonferroni contrast adjustments was performed. Significance was set at 0.05.Results
A difference in injectate volume of distribution within or at the base of the EOMC was not detected among groups. The median optic nerve circumference of injectate distribution was significantly higher in the RB injected group than in the PB-2 group. Injectate distribution following RB, PB-1 and PB-2 injections was graded as likely to provide regional anesthesia within the EOMC in 40%, 19% and 31% of eyes, and at the EOMC base in 60%, 63% and 50% of eyes, respectively. The probability of likelihood to provide regional anesthesia was lower in dogs of higher body weights. The IOP was significantly higher than baseline following PB-1 (18 ± 14 mmHg) and in comparison with RB (2 ± 3 mmHg), but not different from PB-2 injection (10 ± 11 mmHg).Conclusions and clinical relevance
None of the techniques reliably produced ‘successful’ injectate distribution based on this study's definitions; however, clinical assessment of anesthetic success is required. 相似文献6.
L. Shen A.H. Estrada E. Côté M.A. Powell B. Winter K. Lamb 《Journal of Veterinary Cardiology》2017,19(2):144-152
Introduction
To determine the relationship between aortoseptal angle (AoSA) and the short- and long-term systolic pressure gradient (PG) reduction following combined cutting and high-pressure balloon valvuloplasty (CB/HPBV) in dogs with severe subaortic stenosis.Animals
Retrospective study of 22 client-owned dogs of various breeds with severe subaortic stenosis (mean left ventricular to aortic PG = 143 mmHg; range = 80–322 mmHg) that underwent CB/HPBV.Materials and methods
Initial angiographic and left apical and right-sided parasternal long-axis view echocardiographic video loops were used for measuring the angle between the plane of the interventricular septum and the longitudinal axis of the ascending aorta. The PG reduction ratio immediately after CB/HPBV and 6 and 12 months later were compared with AoSA.Results
Weak correlations were observed for all instances of PG reduction ratio and AoSA type. Significantly greater mean differences of PG reduction ratio were observed for angles >160° than for angles <160° at 24 h (>160° mean: 54.45, standard error [SE]: ±3.8; <160° mean: 39.88, SE: ±2.09), 6 months (>160° mean: 57.73, SE: ±10.9; <160° mean: 28.22, SE: ±3.42), and 12 months (>160° mean: 76.11, SE: ±17.5; <160° mean: 27.61, SE: ±6.44; p=0.003).Conclusions
Dogs with AoSA >160° on right-sided parasternal long-axis view echocardiograms responded with a greater PG reduction following CB/HPBV than did dogs with AoSA <160°. This suggests that AoSA is associated with long-term outcomes of CB/HPBV, and measurement could help in the evaluation of dogs that are candidates for CB/HPBV. 相似文献7.
Caroline S. Monk Dennis E. Brooks Tiffany Granone Fernando L. Garcia-Pereira Alexander Melesko Caryn E. Plummer 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):502-508
Objective
To measure intraocular pressure (IOP) in horses during hoisting after induction of anesthesia.Study design
Prospective nonrandomized clinical study.Animals
Eighteen healthy adult horses aged [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] 10 ± 4.2 years and weighing 491 ± 110 kg anesthetized for elective procedures.Methods
IOP was measured in the superior eye of each horse based on planned recumbency after induction of anesthesia. Measurements were taken directly after premedication with xylazine or detomidine with butorphanol, after induction with diazepam–ketamine, after intubation, when suspended by the hoist and on the operating table. During hoisting, the head was supported and the eye–heart height was measured to account for variations in head positioning among patients. IOPs were compared across time points using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Regression was used to compare IOP outcome with potential cofactors.Results
Compared with measurements after premedication (17.5 ± 2.5 mmHg) (mean ± SD), hoisting significantly increased IOP (32.4 ± 15.3 mmHg) (p < 0.01). The highest recorded IOP in the hoist was 80.0 (range, 16.0–80.0) mmHg. The difference in IOP between premedication and hoisting was 15.0 ± 16.2 (range, –1.0 to 68.0) mmHg. Body weight had a significant effect on absolute IOP and change in IOP in the hoist (p < 0.01).Conclusions and clinical relevance
Hoist IOP was significantly higher than post-premedication IOP with heavier horses having higher hoist IOPs and greater increases in IOP. The clinician should take this relationship into account when anesthetizing and hoisting larger horses where an increase in IOP could be detrimental. 相似文献8.
Objective
To evaluate the 24-hour postoperative respiratory effects of either intravenous fentanyl administered as a constant rate infusion or boluses of methadone, in dogs following spinal surgery, assessed by serial arterial blood gas analyses.Study design
Prospective, randomized clinical study.Animals
Thirty-two healthy dogs (American Society of Anesthesiologists I/II) anaesthetized for elective caudal thoracic and/or lumbar decompression spinal surgery.Methods
Dogs were assigned randomly to be administered a fentanyl constant rate infusion (5 μg kg?1 hour?1; group F, n = 14) or methadone boluses (0.2 mg kg?1, every 4 hours; group M, n = 15) postoperatively for 24 hours. Each dog’s anaesthesia protocol was customized. Arterial blood samples were collected from an arterial cannula, placed under anaesthesia, at 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours postextubation, while breathing room air. Cardiorespiratory variables, Glasgow composite pain scale (GCPS) and sedation (SED) scores were also recorded at these time points. Independent t tests, repeated measures anova and Mann–Whitney U tests were used. Significance was defined as p < 0.05.Results
There were no significant differences found between groups in any of the overall mean values or at any time point for values of partial pressure of oxygen [13.9 ± 2.1 kPa (103.9 ± 16.1 mmHg) and 12.6 ± 2.0 kPa (94.7 ± 15.2 mmHg)], partial pressure of carbon dioxide [4.8 ± 0.6 kPa (36 ± 4.2 mmHg) and 4.9 ± 0.6 kPa (36.5 ± 4.5 mmHg)], pH (7.38 ± 0.03 and 7.40 ± 0.03), bicarbonate (21.5 ± 2.3 mm and 21.9 ± 6.6 mm) and base excess (?3.4 ± 2.6 mm and ?2 ± 3 mm) for groups F and M, respectively. Cardiorespiratory variables, GCPS and SED scores were also similar between groups.Conclusions and clinical relevance
At the doses studied, neither fentanyl nor methadone caused respiratory depression postoperatively in dogs following caudal thoracic and/or lumbar spinal surgery. 相似文献9.
Klaus Hopster Karl Rohn Bernhard Ohnesorge Sabine B.R. Kästner 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(1):121-126
Objective
To compare the effects of controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV) and constant positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and interposed recruitment manoeuvres (RMs) with those of CMV without PEEP on gas exchange during general anaesthesia and the early recovery period.Study design
Prospective, randomized clinical trial.Animals
A total of 48 Warmblood horses undergoing elective surgery in lateral (Lat) (n = 24) or dorsal (Dors) (n = 24) recumbency.Methods
Premedication (romifidine), induction (diazepam and ketamine) and maintenance (isoflurane in oxygen) were identical in all horses. Groups Lat- CMV and Dors-CMV (each n = 12) were ventilated using CMV. Groups Lat-RM and Dors-RM (each n = 12) were ventilated using CMV with constant PEEP (10 cmH2O) and intermittent RMs (three consecutive breaths with peak inspiratory pressure of 60 cmH2O, 80 cmH2O and 60 cmH2O, respectively). RMs were applied as required to maintain PaO2 at > 400 mmHg (> 53.3 kPa). Dobutamine was given to maintain mean arterial blood pressure at > 60 mmHg. Physiological parameters were recorded every 10 minutes. Arterial blood gases were measured intra- and postoperatively. Statistical analyses were conducted using analyses of variance (anova), t tests and the Mann–Whitney U-test.Results
Horses in Dors-RM had higher PaO2 values [478 ± 35 mmHg (63.7 ± 4.6 kPa)] than horses in Dors-CMV [324 ± 45 mmHg (43.2 ± 6 kPa)] during anaesthesia and the early recovery period. There were no differences between horses in groups Lat-CMV and Lat-RM. Other measured parameters did not differ between groups.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Ventilation with CMV, constant PEEP and interposed RM provided improved arterial oxygenation in horses in dorsal recumbency that lasted into the early recovery period, but had no benefit in horses in lateral recumbency. This mode of ventilation may provide a clinically practicable method of improving oxygenation in anaesthetized horses, especially in dorsal recumbency. 相似文献10.
Isla Arcaro Berit L. Fischer Kara M. Lascola Stuart C. Clark-Price 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(1):70-76
Objective
To investigate the effects of intravenous (IV) administration of terbutaline on PaO2, PaCO2, pH, heart rate (HR) and arterial pressures in healthy, laterally recumbent horses breathing ambient air under total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA).Study design
Prospective experimental study.Animals
Eight healthy adult horses were enrolled. Six horses, four mares and two geldings weighing 433-624 kg, completed the study.Methods
Horses were sedated with xylazine (1.0 mg kg?1) IV for placement of arterial and venous catheters. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam (0.1 mg kg?1) and ketamine (2.2 mg kg?1) IV and maintained with an IV infusion of guaifenesin (50 mg mL?1), ketamine (2 mg mL?1) and xylazine (0.5 mg mL?1) at 1.9 ± 0.3 mL kg?1 hour?1. Horses were in left lateral recumbency and breathed air spontaneously. Arterial blood was collected for pH and blood gas analysis during xylazine sedation, 15 minutes after induction of anesthesia, immediately before and 5, 15 and 30 minutes after administration of terbutaline (2 μg kg?1), and when the horse was standing after recovery from anesthesia. HR, systolic (SAP), mean (MAP) and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressures were recorded at 5 minute intervals during anesthesia. Normal data were analyzed with anova and non-normal data were analyzed with a Friedman test with a p < 0.05 considered significant.Results
The mean PaO2 decreased from baseline to <60 mmHg (8.0 kPa) during anesthesia (p < 0.0001) and did not improve after administration of terbutaline. After terbutaline administration, HR increased (p = 0.002), and SAP, MAP and DAP decreased (p < 0.001) with the greatest changes occurring immediately after terbutaline administration.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Terbutaline (2 μg kg?1) IV did not improve PaO2 and was associated with adverse cardiovascular effects during TIVA in healthy, laterally recumbent horses breathing air. 相似文献11.
Sarah E. Bigby Jennifer E. Carter Sébastien Bauquier Thierry Beths 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(4):905-909
Objective
The evaluation of alfaxalone as a premedication agent and intravenous anaesthetic in pigs.Study design
Prospective, clinical trial.Animals
Nine healthy, 6–8-week-old female Landrace pigs weighing 22.2 ± 1.0 kg, undergoing epidural catheter placement.Methods
All pigs were premedicated with 4 mg kg?1 alfaxalone, 40 μg kg?1 medetomidine and 0.4 mg kg?1 butorphanol administered in the cervical musculature. Sedation was subjectively scored by the same observer from 1 (no sedation) to 10 (profound sedation) prior to induction of anaesthesia with alfaxalone intravenously to effect. All pigs were maintained on alfaxalone infusions with the rate of administration adjusted to maintain appropriate anaesthetic depth. Quality of induction was scored from 1 (poor) to 3 (smooth) and basic cardiorespiratory variables were recorded every 5 minutes during anaesthesia. Results are reported as mean ± standard deviation or median (range) as appropriate.Results
Sedation scores were 9 (7–10). Inductions were smooth in all pigs and cardiovascular variables remained within normal limits for the duration of anaesthesia. The induction dose of alfaxalone was 0.9 (0.0–2.3) mg kg?1. Three pigs did not require additional alfaxalone after premedication to facilitate intubation.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Intramuscular alfaxalone in combination with medetomidine and butorphanol produced moderate to deep sedation in pigs. Alfaxalone produced satisfactory induction and maintenance of anaesthesia with minimal cardiovascular side effects. Appropriate monitoring of pigs premedicated with this protocol is required as some pigs may become anaesthetized after intramuscular administration of this combination of drugs. 相似文献12.
Allan J. Williamson Joao H.N. Soares Noah D. Pavlisko Robert McAlister Council-Troche Natalia Henao-Guerrero 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(4):738-745
Objective
To characterize the isoflurane-sparing effects of a high and a low dose of fentanyl in dogs, and its effects on mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR).Study design
Prospective, randomized crossover trial.Animals
Eight healthy male Beagle dogs weighing 12.1 ± 1.6 kg [mean ± standard deviation (SD)] and approximate age 1 year.Methods
Dogs were anesthetized using isoflurane and minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) was determined in duplicate by the bracketing method using an electrical stimulus on the tarsus. Animals were administered fentanyl: low dose (33 μg kg?1 loading dose, 0.2 μg kg?1 minute?1) or high dose (102 μg kg?1 loading dose, 0.8 μg kg?1 minute?1) and MAC was re-determined (MACISO-F). Blood was collected for analysis of plasma fentanyl concentrations before administration and after MACISO-F determination. All values are presented as mean ± SD.Results
Isoflurane MAC (MACISO) was 1.30 ± 0.23% in the low dose treatment, which significantly decreased to 0.75 ± 0.22% (average MAC reduction 42.3 ± 9.4%). MACISO was 1.30 ± 0.18% in the high dose treatment, which significantly decreased to 0.30 ± 0.11% (average MAC reduction 76.9 ± 7.4%). Mean fentanyl plasma concentrations were 6.2 and 29.5 ng mL?1 for low and high dose treatments, respectively. MAP increased significantly only in the high dose treatment (from 81 ± 8 to 92 ± 9 mmHg). HR decreased significantly in both treatments from 108 ± 25 to 61 ± 14 beats minute?1 with the low dose and from 95 ± 14 to 42 ± 4 beats minute?1 with the high dose.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Fentanyl administration resulted in a dose-dependent isoflurane MAC-sparing effect with bradycardia at both doses and an increase in MAP only at high dose. Further evaluation is needed to determine the effects of fentanyl on the overall cardiovascular function. 相似文献13.
Denise T. Fantoni Keila K. Ida André M. Gimenes Matheus M. Mantovani Jacqueline R. Castro Geni C.F. Patrício Aline M. Ambrósio Denise A. Otsuki 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(4):710-718
Objective
To investigate whether pulse pressure variation (PPV) can predict fluid responsiveness in healthy dogs during clinical surgery.Study design
Prospective clinical study.Animals
Thirty-three isoflurane-anesthetized dogs with arterial hypotension during orthopedic surgery.Methods
Fluid challenge with lactated Ringer's solution (15 mL kg?1 in 15 minutes) was administered in mechanically ventilated dogs (tidal volume 10 mL kg?1) with hypotension [mean arterial pressure (MAP) < 65 mmHg]. The volume expansion was considered effective if cardiac output (CO; transesophageal Doppler) increased by ≥ 15%. Cardiopulmonary data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and Spearman coefficient; p < 0.05 was considered significant.Results
Effective volume expansion, mean ± standard deviation 42 ± 4% increase in CO (p < 0.0001) was observed in 76% of the dogs, resulting in a decrease in PPV (p < 0.0001) and increase in MAP (p < 0.0001), central venous pressure (CVP; p = 0.02) and ejection fraction (p < 0.0001) compared with before the fluid challenge. None of these changes occurred when volume expansion resulted in a nonsignificant CO increase of 4 ± 5%. No significant differences were observed in blood gas analysis between responsive and nonresponsive dogs. The increase in CO was correlated with the decrease in PPV (r = ?0.65; p < 0.0001) but absolute values of CO and PPV were not correlated. The PPV performance (ROC curve area: 0.89 ± 0.06, p = 0.0011) was better than that of CVP (ROC curve area: 0.54 ± 0.12) and MAP (ROC curve area: 0.59 ± 0.13) to predict fluid responsiveness. The best cut-off for PPV to distinguish responders and nonresponders was 15% (50% sensitivity and 96% specificity).Conclusions and clinical relevance
In mechanically ventilated, healthy, isoflurane-anesthetized dogs, PPV predicted fluid responsiveness to volume expansion, and MAP and CVP did not show such applicability. 相似文献14.
Graeme M. Doodnaught Marina C. Evangelista Paulo V.M. Steagall 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(2):364-369
Objective
To evaluate the onset, magnitude and duration of thermal antinociception after oral administration of two doses of tapentadol in cats.Study design
Prospective, randomized, blinded, experimental study.Animals
Six healthy adult cats weighing 4.4 ± 0.4 kg.Methods
Skin temperature (ST) and thermal threshold (TT) were evaluated using a wireless TT device up to 12 hours after treatment. Treatments included placebo (PBO, 50 mg dextrose anhydrase orally), buprenorphine (BUP, 0.02 mg kg?1) administered intramuscularly, low-dose tapentadol (LowTAP, 25 mg orally; mean 5.7 mg kg?1) and high-dose tapentadol (HighTAP, 50 mg orally; mean 11.4 mg kg?1) in a blinded crossover design with 7 day intervals. Statistical analysis was performed using anova with appropriate post hoc test (p ≤ 0.05).Results
Salivation was observed immediately following 11 out of 12 treatments with tapentadol. The ST was significantly increased at various time points in the opioid treatments. Hyperthermia (≥ 39.5 °C) was not observed. Baseline TT was 45.4 ± 1.4 °C for all treatments. Maximum TT values were 48.8 ± 4.8 °C at 1 hour in LowTAP, 48.5 ± 3.0 °C at 2 hours in HighTAP and 50.2 ± 5.3 °C at 1 hour in BUP. TT significantly increased after LowTAP at 1 hour, after HighTAP at 1–2 hours, and after BUP at 1–2 hours compared with baseline values. TTs were significantly increased in BUP at 1–2 hours compared with PBO.Conclusion and clinical relevance
Oral administration of tapentadol increased ST and TT in cats. The durations of thermal antinociception were similar between HighTAP and BUP, both of which were twice as long as that in LowTAP. Studies of different formulations may be necessary before tapentadol can be accepted into feline practice. 相似文献15.
16.
The hairy lizard: heterothermia affects anaesthetic requirements in the Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx)
Mads F. Bertelsen Osama Mohammed Tobias Wang Paul R. Manger David Michael Scantlebury Khairi Ismael Nigel C. Bennett Abdulaziz Alagaili 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(4):899-904
Objective
To study the effect of heterothermia on anaesthetic drug requirements in semi-free ranging Arabian oryx and to assess the temperature quotient (Q10) of oxygen consumption.Study design
Prospective observational study and controlled metabolic experiment.Animals
Sixty-eight anaesthetic events in 59 Arabian oryx from Mahazat As-Sayd protected area, Saudi ArabiaMethods
Anaesthesia was induced by remote injection of 25 mg ketamine, 10 mg midazolam and 0.5 mg medetomidine with a variable amount of etorphine based on a target dosage of 20 μg kg–1 and subjective assessment of body mass. Animals not recumbent within 15 minutes or insufficiently anaesthetized were physically restrained and administered supplementary etorphine intravenously depending on the anaesthetic depth. Body temperature (Tb) was measured rectally immediately upon handling of each animal. From six anaesthetized oryx, expiratory gasses for oxygen analysis and metabolic rate calculation were collected at two Tbs; before and after submersion in ice water for approximately 30 minutes.Results
Forty-two animals (62%) became recumbent with the initial dose, with a mean induction time (± standard deviation) of 9 ± 2 minutes. The remaining animals could be handled but needed 0.3 ± 0.1 mg etorphine intravenously to reach the desired level of anaesthesia. There was a significant positive correlation between Tb and effective etorphine dosage (R2 = 0.48, p < 0.0001). Average Tb of the six animals in which metabolic rate was measured decreased from 40.0 ± 0.5°C immediately after induction to 35.5 ± 0.5°C after cooling. This reduction was associated with a reduction in oxygen uptake from 3.11 ± 0.33 to 2.22 ± 0.29 mL O2 minute–1 kg–1, reflected in Q10 of 2.17 ± 0.14.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Tb significantly affects anaesthetic requirements in Arabian oryx and should be considered when selecting dosages for anaesthetic induction for species showing diurnal heterothermy. 相似文献17.
Bettina Dunkel Thilo Pfau Andrew Fiske-Jackson Kata O. Veres-Nyeki Harriet Fairhurst Katrina Jackson Yu-Mei Chang David M. Bolt 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(1):154-162
Objectives
To investigate whether acupuncture can alter gait in horses as assessed by objective and subjective parameters.Study design
Prospective, randomized, singleblinded, crossover study.Animals
Eight adult horses.Methods
Horses were randomly assigned to a treatment (three acupuncture treatments in 8 days) or control group. Subjective and objective gait analyses were performed before and after each treatment and at 1, 3 and 7 days after the last treatment (time-points 1–9, respectively). Horses were assessed at the trot in a straight line on a hard surface and on the lunge on the left and right reins on a soft surface (conditions 1–3, respectively). After 12 weeks, groups were reversed. Objective gait analysis was performed using inertial sensors and subjective analysis by two board- certified surgeons who reviewed video-recordings. Each limb was assessed for lameness before and after treatment. Lameness and global scores were assigned using 4-point scales. Assessors were blinded to treatment status. The effects of treatment (yes/no), time (1–9) and horse under conditions 1 –3 were compared using a linear mixed-effects model and a generalized estimating equation.Results
Treatment decreased hip hike difference under all conditions [condition 1: control, 6.3 ± 6.4 mm versus treatment, –0.2 ± 6.4 mm (p = 0.007); condition 2: control, 9.7 ± 7.8 mm versus treatment, 2.8 ± 7.8 mm (p = 0.032); condition 3: control, 7.3 ± 6.3 mm versus treatment, –2.7 ± 6.4 mm (p = 0.003)]. Other parameters also improved significantly under conditions 1 and 3. Based on subjective gait analysis, treatment decreased lameness [odds ratio (OR) 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.34–0.78; p = 0.002] but not global (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.24–1.10; p = 0.12) scores.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Acupuncture can change horses' gaits to a degree appreciable by objective and subjective analyses. 相似文献18.
Latifa Khenissi Gwen Covey-Crump Toby G. Knowles Joanna Murrell 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(3):452-460
Objective
To investigate whether the use of a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) preserves body temperature in dogs weighing <10 kg anaesthetised for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Study design
Prospective, randomised, clinical trial.Animals
Thirty-one client-owned dogs.Methods
Dogs were assigned randomly to a treatment group [HME (n = 16) or no HME (n = 15)]. Dogs were pseudorandomised according to the premedication they were administered, either dexmedetomidine or no dexmedetomidine. Induction agents were not standardised. General anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane vaporised in 100% oxygen delivered using a T-piece and a fresh gas flow of 600 mL kg?1 minute?1. Rectal temperature was measured before premedication (T1), after induction (T2), before moving to the MRI unit (T3) and at the end of the MRI scan (T4). Ambient temperatures were measured in the induction room, outside and inside the MRI unit. Data were analysed using a general linear model with T4 as the outcome variable. Linear correlations were performed between T1, T2, T3 and T4, and variables that predicted T4 were investigated.Results
Sex, age and body mass were not significantly different between groups. There were no significant differences in rectal temperature between groups at any time point (group with HME at the end of MRI = 36.3 ± 1.1 °C; group with no HME at the end of MRI = 36.2 ± 1.4 °C) but at the end of the MRI, dogs administered dexmedetomidine (36.6 ± 0.7 °C) had a higher rectal temperature compared with dogs not administered dexmedetomidine (35.9 ± 1.6 °C) for premedication. Rectal temperature varied directly with ambient temperature in MRI scanning room and inversely with anaesthetic duration.Conclusions and clinical relevance
Using an HME did not alter body temperature in dogs weighing <10 kg undergoing an MRI, but including dexmedetomidine in the premedication regimen seemed to preserve the body temperature during anaesthesia. 相似文献19.
Irene Dimopoulou Tilemahos L. Anagnostou Nikitas N. Prassinos Ioannis Savvas Michael Patsikas 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(5):1189-1197
Objective
To test the efficacy of intraoperative intrafragmentary administration of bupivacaine (haematoma block) in controlling postoperative pain in dogs undergoing osteosynthesis of long-bone isolated diaphyseal fractures.Study design
Randomized, ‘blinded’, placebo-controlled, prospective study.Animals
A total of 23 client-owned dogs with isolated long-bone fractures.Methods
Dogs were allocated randomly to two groups: bupivacaine group (B) or placebo group (P). Group B dogs (n = 11) were administered an intraoperative intrafragmentary injection of 0.5% bupivacaine (1.1 mg kg–1) just before fracture fixation, whereas group P dogs (n = 12) were administered normal saline. Postoperative pain evaluations using the University of Melbourne Pain Scale (UMPS) and algometer were performed upon arrival to the recovery room and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 20 and 32 hours later. Algometer measurements were performed on: the incision site, a healthy region near the fracture line and the contralateral healthy limb. When the pain score exceeded 14 points in the UMPS, rescue analgesia was administered. The time-standardised area under the curve (AUCst) was used to compare UMPS scores and mechanical pain thresholds between the two groups.Results
None of the group B dogs required rescue analgesia, whereas eight of the 12 group P dogs did (p = 0.001). The pain threshold AUCst at the incision line was higher in group B [16.3 (2.9–41.6) N] than in group P [5.6 (2.5–17.4) N] (p = 0.029). The mean UMPS score AUCst was lower in group B (3.7 ± 1.8) than in group P (9.4 ± 4.6) (p = 0.016). In a small number of animals of both groups that were evaluated radiologically, adequate bone healing was noted.Conclusions and clinical relevance
An intraoperative bupivacaine haematoma block is a simple, quick and effective method that can be used to aid in postoperative pain control in dogs submitted to long-bone osteosynthesis. 相似文献20.
Carlos Ros Carme Soler Alejandra García de Carellán Mateo 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2017,44(5):1085-1090