Comparison of arterial and central venous cannulations using ultrasound guidance in pigs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of ultrasound guided vascular access in pigs by comparing central venous and arterial cannulation techniques. ANIMALS: Twenty-two healthy female Pietrain pigs, 14-18 weeks old and weighing 51.1 +/- 4.3 kg (mean +/- SD). STUDY DESIGN: Comparative animal trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After induction of general anaesthesia, cannulation of the external jugular vein and internal carotid artery was attempted using real-time ultrasound guidance. The quality of the ultrasound picture was assessed on an analogue scale from 1 (excellent) to 5 (insufficient). Vessel size, cannulation success rate, number of puncture attempts and time from first puncture attempt until insertion of the Seldinger wire were recorded. RESULTS: Cannulation was successful in all but one animal in which a cut-down technique was performed. The arteries were significantly smaller than the veins (p < 0.001) resulting in a significantly prolonged cannulation time (p = 0.032) for insertion of arterial catheters without differences in success rate. In 89% of attempted cannulations, the Seldinger wire was inserted within 5 minutes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In anaesthetized pigs undergoing instrumentation for biomedical research, ultrasound-guided vascular access is a simple and rapid alternative to surgical cut-down. In veterinary anaesthesia, the technique might be useful in sedated or anesthetized pigs in which arterial or central venous access is required.     

Freehand ultrasound-guided femoral arterial catheterization in dogs

Objective: To demonstrate that ultrasound‐guided femoral artery catheterization is feasible and practical in dogs. Case series summary: Four female mixed breed dogs weighing 14–23 kg were used following a terminal junior surgery laboratory and had been anesthetized before the ultrasound study. Dogs were positioned in lateral recumbency with the upper limb abducted and immobilized. The dependent limb was extended and shaved and isopropyl alcohol was applied. An ultrasound transducer was oriented transverse to the axis of the limb and, following ultrasonographic identification, the femoral artery was cannulated and a catheter was placed using the Seldinger technique. Ultrasound‐guided catheterization was successful in 9 of 10 attempts; cannulization was successful in 10 of 10 attempts. Procedure time improved from 10 minutes to 1 minute during practice. Each of the 2 investigators was able to simultaneously ultrasound and cannulate the vessel. The major complication was hematoma formation, which occurred regardless of success. Information provided: Ultrasound‐guided femoral artery catheterization is feasible and relatively easy to master in medium‐size, anesthetized dogs.     

Comparisons of carcass traits,meat quality,and serum metabolome between Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs

This study aims to compare the meat quality of Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs and to find the potential indicator in serum for superior meat quality. Six Shaziling and Yorkshire pigs at 30, 60, 90, 150, 210, and300 d of age were selected to examine carcass traits, meat quality, and serum metabolome. The results showed that the body weight, carcass length, and loin eye area of Shaziling pigs at 150, 210, and 300 d of age were significantly lower than those of Yorkshire pigs (P <0.05). Shaziling ...     

藏猪和大约克猪ACADM基因表达量与脂肪沉积性状的相关性分析

为探究中链酰基辅酶A脱氢酶(ACADM)基因在不同品种猪组织中的表达水平,并分析其与猪脂肪沉积性状的相关性,采用Sange测序法对藏猪(58头)和大约克猪(60头)ACADM基因起始密码子上游1 kb区域进行了单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)筛选与基因分型,选取180日龄藏猪和大约克猪各10头屠宰后分别采集肝脏、背脂、心脏和...     

Septic pericarditis in a Yorkshire Terrier

Objective: To describe a novel case management strategy for a small breed dog diagnosed with septic pericarditis. Case summary: An 8‐year‐old spayed female Yorkshire Terrier presented for evaluation of pericardial effusion and persistent hypoglycemia. The dog had been hospitalized at a primary care facility for acute onset of vomiting, lethargy, inappetance, and painful abdominal distension. Pericardial effusion was detected and upon referral, cytologic examination revealed a suppurative exudate with Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. The dog was treated with pericardiocentesis and placement of an indwelling pericardial catheter. Subtotal pericardiectomy was performed and a thoracotomy tube was utilized postoperatively. A penicillin‐susceptible Bacteroides species was cultured from the pericardial fluid and was treated with a 6‐week course of antibiotics. The dog was discharged from the hospital and clinical signs have not recurred in over 2 years. New or unique information provided: Septic pericarditis, an uncommon cause of canine pericardial effusion, has been described primarily in large breed dogs and in association with bacterial infection secondary to Hordeum grass (foxtail) awn migration. This case was unique in that the dog was a small breed with no evidence of foreign body penetration or other precipitating cause for the pericarditis. In a novel management plan, an indwelling pericardial catheter was employed to stabilize the dog before subtotal pericardiectomy.     

Osteochondrosis and arthrosis in pigs. 3. A comparison of the incidence in young animals of the Norwegian Landrace and Yorkshire breeds

An investigation concerning the occurrence of osteochondrosis and arthrosis in 2 materials totalling 63 pigs of the Landrace breed and 63 of the Yorkshire breed is described. The animals were bred under the same conditions of feeding and housing. The differences should therefore mainly be of genetic origin. Both breeds were highly improved, Landrace the most. In general, Yorkshire pigs showed a lower incidence and a less marked degree of osteochondrosis and arthrosis than Landrace pigs. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.01) were demonstrated in the distal epiphyseal plate of the ulna, in the intervertebral joints of the lumbar region and in the medial condyle of the femur in 1 of the materials. The Landrace pigs had longer bodies, broader hindquarters, shorter femurs, and the stifle had a different shape as compared with Yorkshire pigs. There thus seemed to be a connection between exterior features, joint and bone shape and the occurrence of joint lesions. Differences among litters within breed were also demonstrated.     

Expression of proinflammatory cytokine mRNA in the lymphatic organs of adult and neonatal pigs

Inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in the lymphatic organs of neonatal, 1-month-old and adult pigs was compared. The mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- in the spleen, thymus, tonsil and popliteal and mesenteric lymph nodes was investigated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Stronger IL-1β mRNA expression was observed in the 1-day-old and 1-month-old piglets than in the adult pigs. In thymus, tonsil and mesenteric lymph node, IL-1β mRNA expression in 1-day-old piglets was stronger than in 1-month-old pigs. The expression of IL-6 mRNA in the 1-day-old and 1-month-old tonsil tended to be stronger than in the adult pigs. IL-18 and TNF- mRNA expression was constant in all the samples examined. The expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA may reflect an inflammatory reaction against the exo- and endogenous foreign bodies occurring in the lymphatic organs, especially in the tonsil, of neonatal piglets.     

约克夏、八眉猪及其杂种后代Ag—NORs的多态性研究

通过对约克夏(4头)、互助猪(4头)和约克夏×互助猪杂交一代(40头)外周淋巴细胞的培养、制片、Bloom法银染和光镜下分析,结果表明猪Ag-NORs在品种间、同一品种不同个体间、同一个体不同细胞间和同一细胞不同染色体间均有多态性。且约克夏猪的Ag-NORs众数为2,互助猪Ag-NORs众数为3,其杂一代介于亲本之间;并且纯种猪的Ag-NORs相对稳定,杂种猪变化较大。     

非洲猪瘟疫情形势下生长育肥猪饲养管理关键技术

育肥猪的科学饲养与管理直接影响猪场经济效益,非洲猪瘟疫情形势下的育肥猪生产更是充满挑战与压力。文章旨在针对生长育肥猪养殖的基本环节及操作要点,从环境控制、科学饲养与管理、严格防疫等方面阐述了育肥猪养殖的关键技术,为非洲猪瘟疫情防控形势下的生猪保供复产提供技术支撑。     

影响藏猪与大约克夏猪肌肉品质的lncRNA的筛选及功能分析

旨在分析藏猪和大约克夏猪(180日龄)背最长肌组织中与猪肉质性状相关的长链非编码RNA (lncRNAs)和基因,探讨lncRNAs在猪肉品质中的分子调控作用,为猪肉质性状的改良提供理论依据.本研究根据先前公布的数据,以饲养在相同条件下的180日龄健康藏公猪(n-3)和大约克夏公猪(n-3)为研究对象,收集背最长肌肉品...     

Ultrasound-guided liver biopsy in birds

In this study, 30 pigeons (Columba livia forma domestica) and 30 quails (Coturnix coturnix) were used to evaluate the diagnostic practicability and relevance of an ultrasound-conducted liver biopsy. Their body weight ranged between 144 and 603g. Considering anatomical peculiarities, the lateral (pigeons) or ventro-median (quails) access was chosen. In the case of the pigeons, 29 (96.7%) biopsies proved clearly to be liver tissue, while in the case of the smaller quails, 19 (63.3%) samples could be clearly identified as liver tissue. All animals but one quail survived the intervention. The blood chemical parameters varied before and after the biopsy within the physiological range. These results show that ultrasound-guided liver biopsy in avian patients is generally possible and with strict indication and conscientious application can be considered as a relatively risk free and diagnostically sensible addition to liver diagnostic in birds. An aimed collection of focal hepatic alterations is conceivable depending on the size of the patient.     

乳果糖的作用及在猪生产中的应用

乳果糖具有特异性促进双歧杆菌增殖、降低血内毒素、增强机体免疫等作用。本文就乳果糖的作用及其在猪生产上应用作一综述。     

Candidate gene expression and intramuscular fat content in pigs

Seventy-two pigs of three genetic groups (Brazilian indigenous breed Piau, Commercial line and Crossbred) of both sexes were slaughtered at four live weights (30, 60, 90 and 120 kg). Intramuscular fat (IMF) content in Longissimus dorsi muscle of each animal was extracted and correlated with candidate gene mRNA expression (ATN1, EEF1A2, FABP3, LDLR, MGP, OBSCN, PDHB, TRDN and RYR1). Within slaughter weight of 120 kg, Piau and Crossbred pigs showed higher IMF content (p < 0.05) than commercial animals, with 2.48, 2.08 and 1.00% respectively. Barrows presented higher values of IMF (p < 0.05) than gilts (1.54 and 1.30% respectively). Gene expression of EEF1A2, FABP3, LDLR, OBSCN, PDHB, TRDN and RYR1 were correlated with IMF (p < 0.05) using the whole dataset. For Piau data only, expression of FABP3, LDLR, MGP, OBSCN, PDHB, TRDN and RYR1 showed correlation with IMF (p < 0.05). Genes that have important roles in lipid transportation inside the cell (FABP3) and tissues (LDLR) showed correlation with IMF of, respectively, 0.68 and 0.63 using the whole data set, and 0.90 and 0.91 using data from Piau animals. The highly positive correlation of the LDLR and FAPB3 expression with IMF content may confirm that these genes are important for fat deposition in the porcine L. dorsi muscle.     

大约克母猪排卵规律的研究

通过对大约克母猪在发情不同时间分批屠宰测定表明，大约克母猪排卵时间是在发情开始后４８小时左右至７２小时之前这一范围。并采用杜洛克和大约克公猪分别在母猪发情的不同阶段先后配种，从所产仔猪的遗传特征鉴别结果判断，排卵大多集中在发情３６小时后至６０小时左右范围内，与屠宰测定基本一致。据上试验结果，确定掌握适配期为母猪发情开始后３６－４８小时期间第一次配种，间隔１２－２４小时内复配一次。经两年配种实践取得良好效果，情期受胎率分别达到９１．２７％（２０９／２２９）和９３．３６％（２６７／８６）。     

Cst B基因在180日龄大白猪不同组织中的表达研究

为了研究Cst B基因在180日龄大白猪心肌、肝脏、胃、肾脏、肺脏、大肠、小肠、背肌和腿肌组织中的表达情况,试验采用RT-PCR技术对大白猪进行检测。结果表明:Cst B基因在肺脏中有较高的表达,而在心肌、背肌和腿肌等肌肉组织中的表达量相对较低。     

Construction and Expression of SLA-1 Prokaryotic Expressing Vector in Yorkshire Pig

In order to construct the prokaryotic expressing vector of SLA-1 derived form Yorkshire pig and express the interest of protein, a pair of primers was designed to amplify the extracellular domain of SLA-1 gene from Yorkshire pig (named SLA-1-DYKe) by PCR. Then the PCR product was cloned into pMD^®19-T Simple Vector and transformed into Escherichia coli TOP10. After cleaved by Nde Ⅰ and Xho Ⅰ, the positive clones were selected to be sequenced. Analyzing by biological soft, the fragment from positive clone with correct sequence was inserted into pET-28a (+) and transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3). After induction and expression, the interest of protein was detected by SDS-PAGE. The results showed that the extracellular domain of SLA-1-DYKe was successfully amplified with the fragment length of 837 bp. The interest of SLA-1 gene was successfully cloned into pMD^®19-T Simple Vector and the positive recombinant plasmids with correct sequences were obtained. The SLA-1-DYKe from positive recombinant plasmids was further inserted into pET-28a(+). After transformed into E.coli BL21(DE3) and induction, the SLA-1-DYKe was successfully expressed. The molecular weight of the protein was about 34 ku. It was concluded that the prokaryotic expressing vector of SLA-1 was constructed successfully from Yorkshire pigs and then the expressed protein was obtained, which would lay a base for studying on the structure and function of SLA-1 from Yorkshire pig in the future.     

基于主成分分析构建大白猪一般抗病力的评估模型

为构建大白猪一般抗病力的评估模型,本研究分别检测了30日龄大白猪血清中IL-1β、IL-4、IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、TGF-β、TNF-α和IFN-γ 8个重要细胞因子的浓度,并对这8个指标进行了主成分分析.结果显示,选取前5个特征值作为5个主成分(累计贡献率达到87.721%),基本上反映了原先免疫指标的全部信息;通过建立主成分综合评价模型,比较30日龄腹泻及健康大白猪断奶仔猪的主成分综合得分,健康组断奶仔猪综合得分为0.080,而腹泻组断奶仔猪综合得分为-0.009.本研究初步确定了影响大白猪一般抗病力的主成分,并且对其进行了初步验证,为今后大白猪一般抗病力的早期选育提供了一定的指导和依据.     

Hematology and clinical chemistry values of normal and euthymic hairless adult male Dunkin-Hartley guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus)

Hematology and serum chemistry measurements were performed on blood specimens from 12 male Dunkin-Hartley hairless guinea pigs Crl:IAF(HA)BR and 10 haired Dunkin-Hartley male guinea pigs Crl:(HA)BR. Significantly higher activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, amylase, and creatine kinase were observed in the hairless guinea pigs as compared to the haired strain. Alkaline phosphatase activity was found to be lower in the hairless guinea pig. The hairless guinea pigs were found to have serum urea concentrations approximately 46% higher than the normal guinea pig strain. The erythrocytic mean cell volume of the hairless strain was found to be smaller, with a greater hemoglobin content. Hairless guinea pigs were found to have approximately 40% fewer leukocytes with a reversed lymphocyte:neutrophil ratio compared to the haired guinea pigs which had much higher lymphocyte counts.     

大约克猪SLA-1原核表达载体的构建及表达

为构建大约克猪SLA-1胞外区的原核表达载体及表达目的蛋白,试验设计1对引物,经PCR扩增获得大约克猪SLA-1胞外区基因（命名为SLA-1-DYKe）,将此片段克隆至pMD^®19-T Simple Vector,转化大肠杆菌TOP10感受态细胞,经Nde Ⅰ和Xho Ⅰ双酶切筛选阳性克隆菌并测序,将目的基因插入到原核表达载体pET-28a（+）中,转化至宿主菌BL21（DE3）进行诱导表达,用SDS-PAGE检测目的蛋白的表达情况,大量诱导提取包涵体并检测。结果显示,PCR成功扩增SLA-1-DYKe的胞外区,得到大小为837 bp的目的基因,目的基因成功克隆至pMD^®19-T Simple Vector,并获得序列正确的重组质粒。以得到的重组质粒成功构建了SLA-1-DYKe/pET-28a（+）表达载体,目的蛋白大小约为34 ku。本研究成功构建了大约克猪SLA-1原核表达载体,获得了表达蛋白,为今后研究大约克猪SLA-1的空间结构和基因功能奠定了基础。