Effects of Cyclic Electron Flow Inhibitor （Antimycin A） on Photosystem Photoinhibition of Sweet Pepper Leaves upon Exposure to Chilling Stress Under Low Irradiance

In chloroplast, there were two pathways involved in the cyclic electron flow around photosystem 1 （PS 1）. One was the NADH dehydrogenase （NDH）-dependent flow and the other was the ferredoxin quinone reductase-dependent flow. It was proposed that the NDH-dependent cyclic electron flow around PSI was related to the xanthophyll cycle-dependent non-photochemical quenching （NPQ） at chilling temperature under low irradiance （CL）. The function of the chloroplastic cyclic electron flow around PS 1 was examined by comparing sweet pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） control with its antimycin A （AA）-fed leaves upon exposure to CL stress. During CL stress, the maximum photochemical efficiency of PS2 （Fv/Fm） decreased markedly in both controls and AA-fed leaves, and P700＋ was also lower in AA-fed leaves than in controls. These results implied that cyclic electron flow around PS 1 functioned to protect the photosynthetic apparatus from CL stress. Under such stress, NPQ and PS2-driven electron transport rate were different between AA-fed leaves and controls. The lower NPQ in AA-fed leaves might be related to an inefficient proton gradient across thylakoid membranes （ApH） because of inhibiting cyclic electron flow around PS 1 under CL stress.     

缺磷胁迫对温州蜜柑光合作用的光抑制研究（二）

 用不同磷水平的营养液处理温州蜜柑后,测定其叶绿素荧光的非光化学猝灭3组分和505 nm光吸收的模拟日变化,对比了DDT处理温州蜜柑叶片后的初始荧光、电子传递速率、量子产量及与光抑制有关的qNs. 结果表明,缺磷胁迫加重了光合作用的光抑制,并且光合机构主要通过非光化学猝灭中依赖叶黄素循环方式和跨内囊体膜的质子梯度方式耗散过剩光能。     

Effects of Short-Term Chilling Stress on the Photosystems and Chloroplast Ultrastructure in Sweet Pepper

By measuring chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, composition of fatty acids, active oxygen species and activities of some antioxidant enzymes, effects of chilling stress (4℃) in the low light (100 μmol m-2 s-1) on chilling-sensitive plants were studied. After 6 h chilling stress (4℃) in the low light, the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm) of sweet pepper leaves decreased by 35.6%, and the oxidizable P700 decreased by 60%. However, chilling stress in the dark had no effect on both of them. Unsaturation of fatty acids in thylakoid membrane was accelerated, which might be helpful to stabilize photosynthetic apparatus. Distortion and swelling of grana caused by chilling in the dark probably decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes, which resulted in the accumulation of active oxygen species. On the contrary,photooxidation might be related to the disintegration and unstacking of grana. Chilling stress induced photoinhibition of PSⅡ and PSⅠ, and active oxygen species might be one of the factors causing the decrease of the oxidizable P700. PSⅠseemed to be more sensitive to chilling stress in the low light than PSⅡ.