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几种新药剂防治小麦蚜虫的药效试验黄振霖(重庆市植物保护站江北区630020)麦蚜是我市小麦生产上危害严重的一个常发性主要害虫,一般损失小麦产量1成左右,严重的可达3成以上。近年麦蚜发生面积占种植面积的50%~75%。如全生育期单一使用有机磷农药,用药... 相似文献
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麦蚜是为害小麦的主要害虫,其发生密度大、繁殖速度快、短时间内大范围暴发,严重影响小麦产量。利用飞机喷洒杀虫剂及时、有效地防治麦蚜,是保证小麦丰产、丰收的有效措施。 以往飞机防治麦蚜主要应用“运五”轻型飞机,其优点是单机飞防面积大、抗风力较强,但受专业机场和空域管制约束,时常影响麦蚜适时防治。“ AD- 200N”超轻型飞机具有机动灵活、操作简便,不需专业机场,适于小空域作业等优点。北京市农业局将其列为 1997、 1998年度示范与推广项目。该技术通过对供试飞机及所携通讯、施药设备性能调试,确定了经济、安全… 相似文献
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小麦不同生育期防治麦蚜效果及防治关键期 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《中国植保导刊》2015,(9)
为探索麦蚜农药减量防治技术,通过两年的田间试验,分别研究了在小麦半穗期、扬花初期、扬花末期、乳熟中期一次性化学防治对麦蚜及其天敌种群以及小麦产量的影响。结果表明,小麦扬花初期至扬花末期施药不仅能有效控制麦蚜种群为害,对减少小麦产量损失也最为有利。小麦扬花初期至扬花末期是一次性施药防治麦蚜、确保小麦增产的关键时期。 相似文献
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除蟎特是浙江省化工所新近研制的新型复合杀蟎杀蚜制剂。据各地试验,对抗性害蟎及抗性蚜虫以及介壳虫等多种难治害虫有较好的防治效果。1986年对麦蚜进行了防治试验。现将试验情况小结如下。 试验田小麦品种为扬麦4号,试验设除 相似文献
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为明确黄淮南片麦区主栽小麦品种对赤霉病的抗性水平。采用人工接种鉴定的方法对黄淮南片的河南、安徽、陕西和江苏四省的65份主栽小麦品种进行赤霉病抗性鉴定,经土表接种抗侵染型鉴定,中抗品种有‘徐农0029’、‘西农511’和‘保麦6号’,中感品种有‘徐麦31’、‘瑞华520’和‘西农3517’等18份,高感品种44份;经单花滴注接种抗扩展型鉴定,中抗品种为‘西农511’,中感品种有‘烟5158’、‘西农889’、‘西农2000’等14份,高感品种50份。由此可见,黄淮南片麦区主栽小麦品种对赤霉病抗性普遍较差,建议根据各地赤霉病发生程度,选择适宜抗性指标,结合现代育种技术,逐步提高主栽小麦品种的抗性水平。 相似文献
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Juliet E. Carroll Gary C. Bergstrom Stewart M. Gray 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1997,103(4):313-321
The dynamics of wheat spindle streak mosaic bymovirus in winter wheat were studied during two crop cycles in a field site with a history of high virus incidence. Individual plants of two susceptible cultivars were sampled from autumn to spring and the presence of virus antigen in roots and leaves was determined by ELISA. Virus incidence was higher in cv. Frankenmuth than in cv. Augusta. During year one, incidence of viral antigen in roots remained very low for four months after sowing, and did not reach maximum levels until the following spring. During year two, incidence of viral antigen in roots rose to maximum levels in autumn, only three months after sowing. These results strongly suggested that root infection occurred in spring as well as in autumn. In both cultivars and in both years, we detected the virus in roots one month prior to its detection in leaves, suggesting that virus moves slowly from roots into leaves. Maximum incidence of virus in leaves occurred in spring of both years, coinciding with the period of symptom development. Typical symptoms (yellow streaks, spindles, and mosaic) were observed in year two, whereas only mild mosaic was observed in year one. Virus antigen was detected in nonsymptomatic leaves from two months after sowing through crop senescence. Because antigen could be detected in roots throughout the crop cycle, and zoosporangia and cystosori of the fungal vector could be detected one and two months, respectively, after sowing, it is possible that wheat spindle streak mosaic bymovirus is acquired and/or spread by the vector during the majority of the crop cycle. 相似文献
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利用小麦内生细菌防治小麦全蚀病的初步研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
植物内生细菌是指能定殖在健康植物组织内,并与植物建立了和谐关系的一类细菌。内生细菌对植物的益生作用主要表现为促进植物生长、抑制植物病原物、增加植物的抗逆性和他感作用等几个方面。小麦全蚀病(wheat take-all)作为一种世界毁灭性病害,目前,由于缺乏抗病品种和有效的化学防治药剂,所以利用微生物之间的拮抗作用来控制小麦全蚀病危害具有广阔的应用前景。本研究通过从小麦里分离出内生细菌,从中筛选出对小麦全蚀病菌具有拮抗作用的菌株,在研究其拮抗机制和定殖作用基础上,对其防治小麦全蚀病的作用进行了初步研究。 相似文献
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《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2003,62(2):73-86
Take-all, caused by the soilborne fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici, is arguably the most-studied root disease of any crop, yet remains the most important root disease of wheat worldwide. S. D. Garrett launched the study of root diseases and soilborne pathogens as an independent field of science starting in the middle of the 20th century, inspired by and based in large part on his research on take-all during the first half of the 20th century. Because there has been neither a source of host plant resistance nor an effective and economical fungicide for use against this disease, the focus for nearly a century has been on cultural and biological controls. In spite of the intensive and extensive works towards these controls, with mostly site-or soil-specific success, the only broadly and consistently effective controls require either crop rotation (break crops), or the converse, wheat monoculture to induce take-all decline. Take-all decline has become the model system for research on biological control of plant pathogens in the rhizosphere and provided the first proof to the scientific world after decades of debate that antibiotics are both produced in soils and play a role in the ecology of soil microorganisms. On the other hand, even the best yields following take-all decline are rarely equal to those achieved with crop rotation. Because of this, the continuing trends globally to shorten rather than lengthen the rotations in wheat-based cropping systems, and the growing use of direct-seed (no-till) trashy systems to reduce costs and protect soil and water resources, new methods to control take-all are needed more than ever. With high resolution maps of the genomes of cereals and other grasses now available, including a complete sequence of the rice genome, and the interesting differences as well as striking similarities among the genomes of cereals and related grasses, gene transfer to wheat from oats, rice, maize and other grass species resistant to G. graminis var. tritici should be pursued. 相似文献
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Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - In the present study we examined the effect of the presence of wheat bugs (Eurygaster spp. and Aelia spp.) on wheat on the mortality, progeny production... 相似文献
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通过对田间不同程度麦蚜危害的小麦冠层反射光谱测量,研究了各波段反射光谱的变异特征,并对光谱反射曲线进行微分分析。结果表明:在麦蚜危害的初期,近红外反射率明显降低,即陡坡效应受到明显的削弱,随着麦蚜危害程度加重,小麦冠层的反射率在不同波段有明显下降,尤其在近红外区下降更为显著。利用光谱微分技术,对受麦蚜不同程度危害的小麦冠层反射率求一阶导数,得到红边斜率。结果表明,麦蚜危害后小麦冠层的红边斜率在近红外波段发生剧烈的变化,且随着危害程度的加重其值逐步下降。将归一化植被指数(NDVI)分别和百株蚜量进行相关及回归分析,并对监测蚜虫敏感波段的选择做了初步的探讨。 相似文献
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10个小麦品种(材料)对麦长管蚜的室内苗期抗蚜性* 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
[目的] 明确不同小麦品种对麦长管蚜(Sitobion avenae)的室内苗期抗性。[方法] 在温室内采用每株小麦接种1头蚜虫的方法,测定了麦长管蚜在来源于3个国家的10个小麦品种上的发育历期(DD)、相对日均体重增长量(MRGR)和成虫日均产仔数(Rm),以此来确定不同小麦品种(材料)的抗蚜性。[结果] 应用多元方差分析,多目标综合判别及聚类分析等方法分析表明,麦长管蚜在‘Ww2730’、‘98 10 30’、‘Astron’上的适应性最差,这几个品种对其抗性最好,是可以利用的抗性品种(材料);‘98 10 35’、‘98 10 32’次之;‘Batis’对麦长管蚜的适应性最好,抗性最差;‘186Tm’,‘Xanthus’,‘Amigo’对麦长管蚜适应性较好,与作为对照的‘小偃 22’一样,抗性处在中间水平。[结论] 研究结果可以为进一步的抗蚜育种提供依据。 相似文献
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小麦抗病遗传多样性对条锈病的调控效应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
选用小麦抗条锈病近等基因系的5个品种,进行不同混播处理,研究了混播群体中存在各不同抗病基因时对小麦条锈病的控制效果。试验结果表明,两个单基因品种混播多不能显著降低条锈病的发生,而3个以上单基因品种混播多可显著降低条锈病的发生,而且4~5个品种混播的REM值也说明多个品种的混播可减少条锈病的发生。但是,防效并非完全与混播基因数目有关,而与基因的类型也有关。不同抗病基因对条锈菌生理小种的选择存在差异,小麦群体中所含的丰富抗病基因可减缓优势小种的出现。千粒重数据显示,品种混播的千粒重高于单个品种。 相似文献
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关中地区麦田杂草危害状况及防除对策 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
为摸清目前关中地区麦田杂草种类、分布、感染危害情况,历时3个月对关中地区4市25个县(区)麦田杂草感染危害状况进行全面调查。结果发现,关中地区麦田杂草不仅种类繁多,分布广泛,而且危害普遍严重,其中以播娘篙、猪殃殃、荠菜和节节麦分布最广,危害最严重,平均每平方米分别是93株、84株、21株和19.5株,最多样方分别是1 0421、246、352和256株/m2。因此,麦田杂草防除,应在一定的轮作与土壤耕作的基础上,把各项除草措施综合在一起,以求高效、低投入。 相似文献