犬呕吐腹泻综合征的原因分析与合理用药

引起犬呕吐、腹泻的原因可概括为感染性因素、非感染性因素及其它因素。采取合理使用抗菌药 ,控制胃肠道炎症 ;补充体液、营养 ,调节酸碱平衡 ;使用止吐、止泻、止血药物 ,控制呕吐、腹泻症状 ;去除病因 ,提高抵抗力等一系列用药方法及加强护理加以解决     

基于网络药理学及分子对接探究益母草碱治疗肠道炎症的分子机制

【目的】运用网络药理学、分子对接和动力学模拟技术研究益母草碱治疗肠道炎症的分子机制。【方法】采用Pubchem、PharmMapper和SwissTargetPrediction数据库收集益母草碱与肠道炎症的潜在靶点,利用Venny 2.1在线作图工具平台系统获取益母草碱治疗肠道炎症的交集靶点;通过STRING与DAVID数据库获取蛋白-蛋白相互作用(PPI)关系并绘制交集靶点的PPI网络图,对交集靶点进行GO功能与KEGG通路富集分析,运用Cytoscape 3.8.2软件筛选得到核心靶点蛋白,应用分子对接技术与分子动力学模拟对核心靶点进行验证。【结果】共收集到379个与益母草碱相关的潜在靶点蛋白,15 464个与肠道炎症相关的潜在靶点,获得170个益母草碱治疗肠道炎症的潜在交集靶点,筛选出丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1(AKT1)、抑癌基因TP53、前列腺素氧化环化酶2(PTGS2)、雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)、多聚ADP核糖聚合酶1(PARP1)等16个核心靶点。GO功能及KEGG通路富集分析结果显示,益母草碱通过调控蛋白质磷酸化、细胞增殖、凋亡过程负调控、蛋白水解、炎症反应等144个...     

公畜生殖疾病

1包皮炎包皮炎是指引起包皮发生的组织病理变化的各种炎症,有感染性和非感染性的两种类型,由于合并发作,所以临床多称包皮龟头炎。     

耕牛急性肌肉风湿病的诊治

风湿病是一种感染性变态反应性疾病,与溶血性链球菌感染有关,主要表现为全身各部胶原组织的多发性、反复发作的急性或慢性非化脓性炎症。按临床经过分为急性和慢性风湿病。按发病部位分为颈、肩臂、背腰、臀股、全身风湿病等。按发病组织器官分为肌肉、关节、心脏风湿病等。马     

杆状病毒的酪氨酸蛋白磷酸酯酶研究

酪氨酸蛋白磷酸酯酶是生命细胞内一类重要的酶 ,与细胞信号转导有关 ,对多种生理过程如生长、分化、代谢、细胞周期调节和细胞骨架等具有重要的调节功能。某些杆状病毒和痘苗病毒的基因组中具有编码酪氨酸蛋白磷酸酯酶的开读框 ,与感染性和致病性有关。病毒编码的酪氨酸蛋白磷酸酯酶具有双重底物特异性 ,即可以同时催化蛋白质酪氨酸和丝氨酸 /苏氨酸残基上的脱磷酸反应     

内质网参与NLRP3炎症小体激活的机制研究进展

内质网是动态的膜系统,参与分泌蛋白的合成与折叠、调控脂类合成、维持Ca~(2+)稳态等。核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域NOD样受体家族含Pryrin结构域蛋白3(NLRP3)炎症小体是细胞内的一种多蛋白复合物,被激活后引起机体炎症反应的发生,参与天然免疫防御。错误折叠蛋白应答激活内质网应激反应从而调节NLRP3炎症小体的组装和激活。线粒体相关的内质网膜是脂质等物质转运和NLRP3炎症小体装配的重要分子平台。内质网Ca~(2+)信号转导促进NLRP3炎症小体激活。脂质通过触发Ca~(2+)信号或增强内质网膜流动性激活NLRP3炎症小体。内质网及其相关分子参与NLRP3炎症小体的组装、激活和调控的相关研究为相关疾病的发病机制及治疗靶点提供参考。     

栀子苷对小鼠哮喘的保护作用及其机制

通过Ova（鸡卵清蛋白）诱导和激发BALB/c小鼠,构建哮喘疾病动物模型,探究栀子苷对非感染性气道炎症的调控作用,并探讨其可能的作用机制。研究发现,栀子苷（80mg/kg）可显著调节Ova触发的哮喘症状,如减少BALF中嗜酸性粒细胞数和炎性细胞总数;下调BALF（支气管肺泡灌洗液）中Th2细胞因子IL-4、IL-5和IL-13及嗜酸性趋化因子水平;降低血清中Ova特异性IgE的含量;改善支气管周围肺组织病理学变化和气道高反应性等。结果表明,栀子苷可通过缓减炎症过程保护Ova致小鼠过敏性哮喘,其机制可能与阻断NF-κB（核转录因子-κB）信号转导通路的激活有关,为栀子苷在治疗哮喘等疾病及相关原料药物研发过程提供理论和数据支持。     

猪痢疾的诊断和防治

猪痢疾是一种由猪痢疾蛇形螺旋体引起的一种猪产生黏液出血性下痢、大肠黏膜产生卡他性出血性炎症或者大肠产生纤维素坏死性炎症为特征的疾病。猪痢疾又被称作黑痢、血痢或黏液性出血性下痢。猪痢疾主要感染的动物为猪,对人或者其他动物不具感染性,并且对各种年龄阶段的猪都具有感染性,是一种危害极大的猪传染病。     

牛白外障的治疗点滴

牛白外障又称白翳、白眼。多见于机械性和感染性引起角膜的局限性炎症。及时用青霉素、盐酸普鲁卡因、氢化考的松等药物,作眼脸注射,均有一定疗效。若用顺气穴插柳枝作辅助治疗,经对比试验,疗程可     

高尿酸通过转运蛋白引起大鼠小肠黏膜上皮细胞炎性反应

研究转运蛋白(TSPO)在高尿酸引起肠上皮细胞炎症反应中的作用及机制。高尿酸体外处理肠黏膜上皮细胞,通过荧光定量PCR方法检测转运蛋白,ATP结合膜转运蛋白(ABCG2)、闭锁蛋白Occludin、上皮紧密连接相关蛋白-1(ZO-1)和IL-1β等基因表达水平,采用Western blot检测NF-κB信号通路中p65和IL-1β表达水平,采用试剂盒检测线粒体活性氧的变化,从分子水平及氧化应激反应的角度研究尿酸诱导的肠上皮细胞的炎症反应机制。最后研究高尿酸血症小鼠和正常小鼠的肠渗透性变化。结果表明,与对照组相比,高尿酸处理的肠上皮细胞TSPO、ABCG2、IL-1β等基因的mRNA的表达量显著上升(P<0.05),紧密连接相关蛋白ZO-1、Occludin表达量降低(P<0.05),p65蛋白和IL-1β的蛋白表达升高(P<0.05),活性氧(ROS)产生增高(P<0.05);高尿酸小鼠的肠渗透性明显高于正常小鼠(P<0.05)。说明高尿酸可以通过转运蛋白引起肠上皮细胞炎症反应,增加肠渗透性。     

Rapid and widely disseminated acute phase protein response after experimental bacterial infection of pigs

The acute phase protein response is a well-described generalized early host response to tissue injury, inflammation and infection, observed as pronounced changes in the concentrations of a number of circulating serum proteins. The biological function of this response and its interplay with other parts of innate host defence reactions remain somewhat elusive. In order to gain new insight into this early host defence response in the context of bacterial infection we studied gene expression changes in peripheral lymphoid tissues as compared to hepatic expression changes, 14–18 h after lung infection in pigs. The lung infection was established with the pig specific respiratory pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Quantitative real-time PCR based expression analysis were performed on samples from liver, tracheobronchial lymph node, tonsils, spleen and on blood leukocytes, supplemented with measurements of interleukin-6 and selected acute phase proteins in serum. C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A were clearly induced 14–18 h after infection. Extrahepatic expression of acute phase proteins was found to be dramatically altered as a result of the lung infection with an extrahepatic acute phase protein response occurring concomitantly with the hepatic response. This suggests that the acute phase protein response is a more disseminated systemic response than previously thought. The current study provides to our knowledge the first example of porcine extrahepatic expression and regulation of C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, fibrinogen, pig major acute phase protein, and transferrin in peripheral lymphoid tissues.     

急性期蛋白及其在奶牛乳房炎发展中的作用

急性期蛋白(Acute Phase Protein,APP)属于血液蛋白的一种,检测其水平可作为一种估计动物机体对疾病的先天性免疫反应的方法。当炎症、感染和创伤发生时,动物血清急性期蛋白浓度会增加或减少25%以上,它可以作为判断预后、评价治疗效果、衡量动物健康和诊断疾病方面的定量标记物。就像直肠温度一样,虽然不能对疾病进行特异性诊断,而且影响因素较多,但在机体受到病理损伤时,却具有极高的敏感性。当奶牛发生乳房炎时,可以分析其血清和乳汁中急性期蛋白的水平,监督乳房组织的炎症状态。     

Re: The safety of oral calcium formate

A Short Communication was published in the October 2002 issue of the New Zealand Veterinary Journal entitled An investigation of the safety of oral calcium formate in dairy cows using clinical, biochemical and histopathological parameters (McIntyre and Weston 2002). It appeared to be comparing results directly with those of a prior communication (Scott and Van Wijk 2000). The following should be considered when comparing the two papers. Haptoglobins were propounded by McIntyre and Weston as definitive indicators of acute inflammation, yet current literature does not give consistent viewpoints as to their value. The authors cited instances where the haptoglobin concentration was measured in cases of infective disease. However, Skinner et al (1991) believed that haptoglobin concentrations increase as a result of the infection rather than the trauma. To further complicate matters Alsemgeest et al (1994) found that haptoglobin concentrations were elevated in cattle with chronic rather than acute conditions whereas Horadagoda et al (1999) believed the concentrations of acute-phase proteins were higher in acute inflammation. However, they found serum amyloid A was more reliable as an indicator of acute, rather than chronic, inflammation than was haptoglobin. Therefore, histopathology would appear to give much more conclusive evidence of mucosal inflammation than the determination of haptoglobin...     

Bold fusion: transtracheal wash from a Jersey calf

A 10-week-old, female, Jersey calf was referred to the University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center for evaluation of difficult breathing and inappetence of 18-hours duration. Cytologic examination of a transtracheal wash specimen revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation, with increased numbers of multinucleated cells. Differential diagnoses included established bacterial infection, viral infection, fungal infection, and foreign body reaction. Immunocytochemical staining was done on a direct smear of the transtracheal wash using a cocktail of 4 mouse monoclonal antibodies against 3 human respiratory syncytial virus proteins. Strong intracytoplasmic staining within mononuclear cells was observed and a diagnosis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection was made. Immunocytochemistry may be used as a rapid, inexpensive, adjunctive diagnostic tool for the antemortem diagnosis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus on transtracheal wash specimens.     

Application of acute phase protein measurements in veterinary clinical chemistry

The body's early defence in response to trauma, inflammation or infection, the acute phase response, is a complex set of systemic reactions seen shortly after exposure to a triggering event. One of the many components is an acute phase protein response in which increased hepatic synthesis leads to increased serum concentration of positive acute phase proteins. The serum concentration of these acute phase proteins returns to base levels when the triggering factor is no longer present. This paper provides a review of the acute phase proteins haptoglobin, C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A and their possible use as non-specific indicators of health in large animal veterinary medicine such as in the health status surveillance of pigs at the herd level, for the detection of mastitis in dairy cattle and for the prognosis of respiratory diseases in horses.     

Biomarkers of Inflammation in Exotic Pets

The acute phase response (APR) is a key part of the innate immune system and acute phase proteins (APPs) represent the core of the early response to stimuli such as trauma, infection, stress, neoplasia, and autoimmune disease. These biomarkers have a different timeline and magnitude of expression vs traditional means of examining inflammation (e.g., total white blood count and albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio). Extensive studies conducted in companion and large animals have demonstrated many clinical applications for inflammatory biomarkers including diagnosis, prognosis, detection of subclinical disease and chronic inflammation, and monitoring stress. This article provides information regarding the APR and the uses of APP quantitation, as well as the growing body of information on APPSs in exotic animals.     

Serum α-globulin fraction in horses is related to changes in the acute phase proteins

Serum electrophoresis is a useful technique to diagnose some diseases characterized by quantitative and qualitative changes in the serum proteins, such as the acute phase proteins. An increased synthesis of acute phase proteins has been associated with acute infection and inflammation. We wanted to study whether gastrointestinal diseases and disorders of the locomotor system in horses produce enough inflammatory reaction so the acute phase proteins can be detected by electrophoresis in serum. Serum total proteins were calculated, and the serum electrophoresis from 63 horses was performed. The horses were classified in 3 groups: Group I (19 healthy horses), Group II (20 horses suffering from inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract), and Group III (24 horses with inflammatory disorders of the locomotor system). Results indicated an increase of the acute phase proteins only in patent inflammatory disorders that showed a rapid progression. A global increase in those proteins was observed only for α₁-globulins from Group II.     

Comparison of a radioimmunoprecipitation assay to immunoblotting and ELISA for detection of antibody to African swine fever virus

A radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) has been developed for detection of antibody to African swine fever virus (ASFV) and compared with the immunoblot assay with regard to sensitivity and specificity. Two hundred seven field sera, obtained from pigs in Spain from different geographic areas between 1975 and 1986, that were positive by ASFV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were also analysed by immunoblot assay and RIPA. By serum dilution experiments, the RIPA appeared at least as sensitive as the ELISA and immunoblotting tests, although ELISA and RIPA detected antibodies to ASFV earlier in natural infection than did the immunoblot assay, as disclosed by animal inoculation studies. The most antigenic ASFV-induced proteins in natural infection detected by RIPA were the viral proteins p243, p172, p73, p25.5, p15, and p12 and the infection proteins p30 and p23.5. In the immunoblot assay, the proteins that were most reactive with the same sera were the viral protein p25.5 and the infection proteins p30, p25, and p21.5. Only 1 serum, from an animal infected with ASFV, was negative by immunoblot assay but showed a positive result by RIPA. A modification of conventional RIPA was performed using a dot transference of immunoprecipitated proteins to a nitrocellulose filter. This modification simplified the conventional RIPA procedures by eliminating the electrophoresis of immunoprecipitated proteins without affecting sensitivity and specificity. The ease of use, specificity, and the sensitivity comparable to that of the immunoblot assay make the RIPA a useful confirmatory assay for sera that yield conflicting results in other ASFV antibody assays.     

Effect of rifaximin on gut-lung axis in mice infected with influenza A virus

Gut-lung axis injury is a common finding in patients with respiratory diseases as well as in animal model of influenza virus infection. Influenza virus damages the intestinal microecology while affecting the lungs. Rifaximin, a non-absorbable derivative of rifamycin, is an effective antibiotic that acts by inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis. This study aimed to determine whether rifaximin-perturbation of the intestinal microbiome leads to protective effects against influenza infection, via the gut-lung axis. Our results showed that influenza virus infection caused inflammation of and damage to the lungs. The expression of tight junction proteins in the lung and colon of H1N1 infected mice decreased significantly, attesting that the barrier structure of the lung and colon was damaged. Due to this perturbation in the gut-lung axis, the intestinal microbiota became imbalanced as Escherichia coli bacteria replicated opportunistically, causing intestinal injury. When influenza infection was treated with rifamixin, qPCR results from the gut showed significant increases in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium populations, while Escherichia coli populations markedly decreased. Furthermore, pathology sections and western blotting results illustrated that rifaximin treatment strengthened the physical barriers of the lung-gut axis through increased expression of tight junction protein in the colon and lungs. These results indicated that rifaximin ameliorated lung and intestine injury induced by influenza virus infection. The mechanisms identified were the regulation of gut flora balance and intestinal and lung permeability, which might be related to the regulation of the gut-lung axis. Rifaximin might be useful as a co-treatment drug for the prevention of influenza virus infection.