新疆小尾寒羊副结核病病理学观察

对新疆某小尾寒羊场副结核病进行病理学观察。病羊消瘦、拉软屎、贫血；小肠后段至结肠粘膜增生形成皱褶，主要是上皮样细胞、多核巨细胞和淋巴细胞增生，肠腺萎缩。肠系膜淋巴结水肿和上皮样细胞等增生。病变肠粘膜和肠淋巴结抹片，抗酸染色可见细胞内外有副结核菌。     

一例苏尼特绵羊副结核病的诊断

本研究通过临床病史、尸体剖检、组织病理学和抗酸染色方法综合诊断了1例绵羊副结核病.其临床症状表现为顽固性腹泻和进行性消瘦,体温无明显变化,病程1年.尸体剖检可见全身脂肪完全萎缩消失,各实质器官萎缩.空肠后段大部分、空肠中段局部、回肠和盲肠肠管明显增粗,肠壁增厚,肠黏膜增厚明显,黏膜形成明显的脑沟回样褶皱.肠壁淋巴结明显肿大.空肠黏膜固有层和黏膜下层增厚,内有大量的上皮样细胞和少量淋巴细胞增生.肝小叶内可见多个上皮样细胞和淋巴细胞增生灶.肠系膜淋巴结皮质可见上皮样细胞增生灶.在经抗酸染色淋巴结触片内的上皮样细胞胞浆内外均见散在和成簇的典型的红色小杆状副结核杆菌.     

牛付结核病病理变化的研究

近年来,国外对牛付结核病的病理变化和细菌分布有过许多报道。一般认为病变主要在肠粘膜呈脑回样皱襞,肠壁增厚。病理组织学所见肠粘膜层有淋巴样细胞、上皮样细胞和郎罕氏巨噬细胞增生。后两种细胞能吞噬付结核分枝     

牛付结核病病理形态学的观察

在文献报告中指出,牛付结核病的病理变化,主要发生在消化道,尤其是小肠及其相应的淋巴结最为明显。付结核杆菌主要侵害肠壁粘膜及相应淋巴结的实质,并引起上皮样细胞,淋巴细胞和郎罕氏巨细胞的增生等病变。关于牛付结核病的病理学研究,目前为止国内报导还很少。本项研究对付结核牛的肠壁各甚病变,肠外器官病变和付结核杆菌的分布进行了初步探讨。     

兔圆小囊免疫功能及其与肠道粘膜局部免疫关系的研究：Ⅳ.实验性…

本研究对半月龄，５周龄和２月龄兔口服感染４种兔肠球虫后，圆小囊绒毛粘膜上皮间淋巴细胞和怀状细胞以及圆顶两侧粘膜上皮间淋巴细胞和怀状细胞的数量变化情况进行了观察分析。结果表明：感染后，５周龄组在，第５天圆顶两侧粘膜上皮间淋巴细胞、２月龄组绒毛粘膜上皮间淋巴细胞显著增国中，其余组上皮间淋巴细胞同对照组相比，差异不显著。怀状细胞数量的变化呈现相对的不规律性；半月龄组和５周龄组圆顶两侧粘膜上皮间杯状细胞数     

兔圆小囊免疫功能及其与肠道粘膜局部免疫关系的研究 Ⅳ.实验性感染肠球虫兔的圆小囊上皮间淋巴细胞及杯状细胞定量观察

本研究对半月龄、５周龄和２月龄兔口服感染４种兔肠球虫后，圆小囊绒毛粘膜上皮间淋巴细胞和杯状细胞以及圆顶两侧粘膜上皮间淋巴细胞和杯状细胞的数量变化情况进行了观察分析。结果表明：感染后，５周龄组第４天、第５天圆顶两侧粘膜上皮间淋巴细胞、２月龄组绒毛粘膜上皮间淋巴细胞显著增加，其余组上皮间淋巴细胞同对照组相比，差异不显著。杯状细胞数量的变化呈现相对的不规律性：半月龄组和５周龄组圆顶两侧粘膜上皮间杯状细胞数量呈增加趋势，而在２月龄组和５周龄组绒毛粘膜上皮间杯状细胞数量则呈减少趋势。这些结果表明，圆小囊的局部细胞免疫机制可能在机体抗球虫免疫中起着非常重要的作用。     

猪增生性肠炎的诊断与防治

猪增生性肠炎（porcine proliferative enteritis，PPE），通常称为回肠炎，是由胞内劳森菌引起的猪的一种接触性传染病。它主要发生在6～20周龄的生长肥育猪，临床主要表现为间歇性下痢、食欲下降和生长缓慢等。病理剖检可见小肠和结肠粘膜增厚。显微变化以回肠和结肠隐窝内未成熟的肠细胞发生腺瘤样增生为特征。     

传染性法氏囊病强毒感染与鸡法氏囊植物凝集素受体的关系

用４种辣根过氧化物酶标记植物凝集素（ＣＯＮＡ、ＷＧＡ、ＳＢＡ、ＲＣＡ）作探针，观察了接种传染性法氏囊病强毒（ＩＢＤＶ）和不接种毒组鸡肠、气管和法氏囊凝集素受体的变化，结果发现，接毒组法氏囊粘膜上皮存在ＣＯＮＡ、ＷＧＡ、ＲＣＡ受体。滤泡细胞含有ＣＯＮＡ、ＷＧＡ、ＲＣＡ、ＳＢＡ受体；未接种毒组粘膜上皮存在ＣＯＮＡ、ＳＢＡ受体，滤泡细胞仅有ＷＧＡ受体。接毒组或非接毒组肠的气管粘粘膜上皮均含有ＣＯＮＡ、Ｗ     

牛副结核病的干酪性肉芽瘤

作者报道,于一头患有副结核病的5岁安格斯品种母牛的肠系膜淋巴结中发现干酪样肉芽瘤,还发现有上皮样细胞肉芽瘤。两者均含有大量抗酸性杆菌。肠道肉芽瘤中无干酷化,但有嗜中性球浸润     

泰山螭霖鱼肠道的显微和超微结构

采用光镜和扫描电镜技术 ,对泰山螭霖鱼 (Varicorhinusmacrolepis)的肠道进行了观察。结果表明 :泰山螭霖鱼无胃 ,食管之后是肠道 ,起始端膨大呈球状。肠道由前肠、中肠和后肠组成 ,肠管直径由前肠到后肠逐渐变小。各段肠壁均分为粘膜、肌层和浆膜 3层。粘膜上皮由柱状细胞和杯状细胞组成 ,肌层分内环行和外纵行 2层。粘膜向肠腔内突出形成许多粘膜褶 ,有的呈指状、杵状 ,有的有分支。由前肠到后肠 ,粘膜褶由高变低 ,数量逐渐减少 ;杯状细胞数目由多变少 ;肌层逐渐变薄。扫描电镜下 ,肠道的粘膜褶大体上呈纵向锯齿状 ,并且粘膜褶上还有次级皱褶。柱状上皮细胞表面多呈圆形 ,前肠、中肠柱状上皮细胞轮廓和界限清楚 ,常呈隆起状 ,而后肠上皮细胞表面较平坦。前肠柱状上皮细胞游离面的微绒毛长而密 ,后肠的短而稀疏。前肠的杯状细胞常常有较大的分泌孔 ,周围有分泌物 ,粘膜表面有粗大的分泌颗粒 ;后肠杯状细胞的分泌孔较小 ,粘膜表面有较多细小分泌颗粒。     

Theileria parva infection in calves causes massive lymphocyte death in the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes without initial proliferation

In a study of trends and magnitudes of lymphocytes proliferation, destruction or apoptosis eleven 3-month-old healthy calves were experimentally infected with the protozoan parasite Theileria parva, which is reported to cause lymphocyte proliferation. Four control calves were not infected. Infected and non-infected calves were sacrificed on days 9, 12, 16, 19, 23, 24 and 25 to examine lymphoid tissue changes and lymphocyte proliferation, apoptosis or necrosis in the thymus, spleen and lymph nodes. All infected calves developed severe East Coast fever, with enlargement of lymph nodes, dyspnoea, high fever and pulmonary oedema. Lymphocyte proliferation was not observed in lymph nodes, thymus and spleen; instead there were massive deaths of lymphocytes and other cells. The terminal severe disease caused massive lymphoid parenchyma coagulation terminating with caseation, organs and cells being undeterminable histologically. Tissues surrounding the lymph nodes were oedematous. Lymph node and thymus parenchyma were caseated and cortices and medulla indistinguishable because of severe lymphocyte and accessory cell deaths. The lymph node fibrous reticular stroma was necrotic and caseated. Lymphoid follicles in lymph nodes degenerated and lacked germinal centres. Lymph nodes, spleen and thymus were grossly enlarged, hardened, potato or cheese like, but microscopically very hypocellular and in the terminal disease acellular because of massive lymphocytes destruction. In the thymus there was extensive thymocyte and epithelioid cell necrosis and loss of distinction between cortex and medulla. The spleen white and red pulps were indistinguishable because of extensive lymphoid cell necrosis. The white pulp degenerated more than the red pulp. The massive lymphocyte deaths in the lymph nodes, thymus and spleen, without lymphocyte proliferation in this T. parva infection in calves leads to a conclusion that this parasite is lympho-destructive and lympho-degenerative in vivo rather than lympho-proliferative.     

A case of glomus tumor in a dog

A subcutaneous mass at the digit of the left-hind limb of a 12-year-old, male mongrel dog was examined. A white firm mass, approximately 1 x 2 cm in diameter, was excided surgically. Histopathologically, the mass formed multiple nodules consisting of mixed proliferation of round epithelioid cells arranged in cord or sheet-like structures and small spindle cells forming loose irregular bundles. The epithelioid cells often showed proliferation around the blood vessels. A few giant cells scattering in the neoplastic foci were observed. The neoplastic cells were positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin, and were negative for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), desmin, factor-VIII related antigen, S-100 protein, and neuron specific enolase. On the basis of these findings, this tumor was diagnosed as glomus tumor. Since the present neoplasm had neither recurrence nor distal metastasis during the 12 month after surgical resection, the biological natures of the present neoplasm are supposed to be benign.     

Pathology of naturally occurring paratuberculosis in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

Gross and histologic lesions of paratuberculosis were studied in water buffaloes. Small intestines and associated mesenteric lymph nodes of 405 water buffaloes were examined. Of these, 20 animals having visible changes of intestinal thickening, mucosal corrugations, and enlargement of mesenteric lymph nodes exhibited histologic alteration characteristics of mild to moderate granulomatous inflammation. The histologic lesions observed in these animals were classified into 3 grades on the basis of type of cellular infiltration, granuloma formation, and presence of acid-fast bacilli. Grade-1 lesions observed in 8 animals were marked by the presence of scattered epithelioid macrophages amid large number of lymphocytes in the intestinal villi and in the paracortical regions of the associated mesenteric lymph nodes. Another 8 animals classified under grade-2 revealed microgranulomas, infiltration with a larger number of epithelioid macrophages besides lymphocytes in the intestinal villi, and granulomas in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Grade-3 lesions observed in 4 animals were characterized by the presence of epithelioid granulomas and giant cells in the intestines and the mesenteric lymph nodes. The Ziehl-Neelsen's stained tissue sections revealed acid-fast bacilli in grade-3 and -2 animals and acid-fast granular debris in grade-1 animals. Among these 20 buffaloes, 14 (70%) were positive in the IS900 specific polymerase chain reaction and 6 (30%) were positive in the bacterial culture.     

Thymic granulomatous lesions in pigs

Rare cases of thymic granulomatous lesions were found in pigs. The lesions consisted of epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant cells, and lymphocytes. Such lesions also were observed in the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, kidney, and stomach. The cytoplasm of the majority of giant cells and some epithlioid cells was periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) positive. All cells were positive for vimentin, lysozyme, and desmin. Ultrastructurally, the giant cells were rich in organella and attached to adjacent epithelioid cells by membrane interdigitation. The cells included numerous coated vesicles and granules. No etiologic pathogen, including porcine circovirus type 2, was detected in the lesions. This is the rare case of idiopathic thymic granulomatous lesion in pigs.     

A new case of Mycobacterium bovis pulmonary tuberculosis in the dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) in Mauritania]

A case of pulmonary tuberculosis is described in a dromedary from Nouakchott (Mauritania). Gross lesions affected pulmonary parenchyma, diaphragmatic pleura, pericardium and regional lymph nodes: caseo-calcified nodules, miliary tubercles and haemorrhagic "pendeloques". Microscopically lesions were characterised by granulomatous tissue, epithelioid cells, necrotic material in the centre. No Langhans giant cells were seen. Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from these samples.     

Granulomatous lymphadenitis associated with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 in slaughter barrows

This study evaluated the occurrence of granulomatous lymphadenitis and its association with Actinobacillus spp. in 151 653 slaughtered pigs. Markedly enlarged pulmonary hilar, mediastinal, mandibular or hepatic lymph nodes were detected in 6 castrated males. The cut surfaces showed multifocal yellow-white lesions. Histologically, gram-negative bacilli were visible in the centers of the lesions with asteroid bodies, epithelioid cells, and multinucleated giant cells. Dense fibrous connective tissue surrounded these granulomatous lesions. Immunohistochemically, the organisms reacted with polyclonal antibodies against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 in all 6 barrows. The organism was isolated from the lymph nodes of all 6 animals. The results indicate that the granulomatous lymphadenitis was associated with A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 and the disorder had a tendency to occur in slaughter barrows.     

A Disease Resembling Paratuberculosis (Johne’S Disease) in Roe Deer (Capreolus Capreolus L.) an Aetiological and Patho-Anatomical Study

A disease in wild living roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) caused by acid-fast bacteria is described.The morphological and cultural properties of these bacteria agree closely with corresponding properties of Mycobact. johnei.Enlarged lymph nodes, especially mesenteric lymph nodes with greyish-yellow necroses, were the most prominent macroscopic lesions. No intestinal lesions were present.The histopathological picture of the lymph nodes resembled mostly lesions which can occur in paratuberculous sheep and goats. The epithelioid cells contained masses of acid-fast bacteria. Such rods were also demonstrated in the intestinal villi.The acid-fast bacteria could be isolated from the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleens, bone marrow, mammary gland and also from the lymph nodes of other organs.The organism did not produce tuberculosis in guinea pigs. Intravenous injections into hens and rabbits resulted in miliary nodules resembling those of tuberculosis in the livers and spleens of the hens, and in joint and tendon sheath lesions in the rabbits. Microscopically the lesions mostly resembled those in paratuberculosis.One of the strains which was inoculated intravenously into two calves caused no lesions. The results of the allergy tests and serological blood tests in one animal indicate that infection with Mycobact. johnei cannot be excluded.A goat which was inoculated in the same manner and with the same strain as the calves died after six weeks. Miliary epithelioid cell granulomas in the liver, spleen, kidneys, bone marrow of long bones and in the submucosa of the ileum, as well as patchy infiltration of epithelioid cells in, among others, the mesenteric lymph nodes were observed on microscopic examinations.By intravenous infection the disease could be reproduced in a roe deer (fawn) (Gapreolus capreolus L.). The animal died nine weeks after the infection, and during the last two days before death it had a profuse diarrhoea. Masses of short acid-fast bacteria in clumps were present in the faeces. Nor in the experimental animal did macroscopic intestinal lesions occur. Enlarged villi infiltrated with epithelioid cells containing acid-fast bacteria were demonstrated by histological examination.The acid-fast bacteria could be recovered, but only on the Taylor/ Finlayson medium, from all experimental animals except the guinea pigs. Concerning the experimental calves, acid-fast bacteria were recovered from only one of them and then nearly three years after the infection.The acid-fast bacteria did not reduce nitrate. They showed positive neutral red reactions and were sensitive to isoniazid in a concentration of 2.5 µg per ml medium after three weeks’ incubation.The possibility that the isolated acid-fast bacteria and the lesions caused by them might be avian tubercle bacilli and avian tuberculosis has been discussed by the author. He does not, however, find any relevant reason for such an assumption. The author considers that the bacteria and the lesions exhibit the greatest similarity to Mycobact. johnei and paratuberculosis (Johne’s disease).On account of the organism’s pathogenicity for hens and rabbits, and necroses in the course of the disease, the author suggests that these bacteria possibly constitute a variety of the classic bovine Mycobact. johnei, different from the pigmented and the Icelandic varieties.     

Porcine postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Korean pig: detection of porcine circovirus 2 infection by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction.

This report describes the first diagnosis of porcine circovirus (PCV) infection in weaned pigs with postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in Korea by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. The most unique lesions were multifocal granulomatous inflammation affecting lymph nodes, liver, and spleen, characterized by infiltrates of epithelioid macrophages and multinucleated giant cells. Circoviral antigen was detected in formalin-fixed sections and was usually present in large, round, dendritic cells in the white pulp of spleen and remnants of follicles in lymph nodes. Lymphoid follicles in the tonsils also contained PCV antigen. A 530-bp DNA fragment of circovirus was successfully amplified from all tested lymph nodes, liver, and spleen.     

Histological comparison of malignant epithelioid mesothelioma in young and adult cattle

The histology and immunohistochemistry of pleomorphic and conventional epithelioid mesotheliomas were examined. The former was detected in two young calves aged 2 and 4 months and was characterized by pleomorphic and atypical cells with decreased expression of cytokeratin 7 (CK7). In contrast, the latter was found in a 31-month-old heifer, consisting of tumor cells uniform in size and shape with CK7 expression in nearly all cells. Production of collagen by tumor cells was demonstrated in both histological types, and was considered to be characteristic of bovine epithelioid mesothelioma. Pleomorphic mesothelioma is far more pleomorphic and mitotically active than conventional mesothelioma, and its normal counterpart may be immature mesothelial cells with high proliferation potential, which exist in fetal life and early calfhood.     

羊尤氏泰勒虫病的病理学观察

对尤氏泰勒虫人工感染的绵羊进行了病理学观察。主要的组织病变：淋巴结充血、出血及淋巴窦网状内皮细胞增生;肺脏出血,间质淋巴细胞和网状细胞增生,肺泡隔增厚;肾小球内皮细胞、血管内皮细胞增生,淋巴网状细胞灶状积累,甚至形成结节;心肌细胞变性、坏死,染色不均;肠道固有膜明显充血、出血;肝细胞颗粒变性,有散在细胞坏死,汇管区和小叶间有淋巴网状细胞增生;瘤胃黏膜下层有散在性出血,肌层见灶状出血。