药用植物多糖的免疫作用研究进展

近十余年来,各国学者逐渐从真菌、海藻、高等植物等生物体内获得的多糖中发现其具有独特的生物活性,其中以多糖促进和恢复机体的免疫功能尤为突出[1].多糖作为一种免疫促进和调节剂,是许多中草药的主要免疫活性物质,具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗寄生虫、抗肿瘤、抗辐射、抗衰老等功用[2],其应用范围日益扩大,同时也为中草药应用开辟了一个新途径.笔者等就近年来研究较多的药用植物多糖的免疫情况作一概述.     

黄芪多糖的药理作用及在养鸡业上的应用

随着近年来畜牧业规模化的发展,人们对抗生素毒副作用认识的提高,绿色养殖和食品安全已经引起人们的广泛关注,人们希望寻求更为安全有效的天然药物。中草药免疫增强剂具有毒性低、副作用小、病原微生物对其不易产生耐药性的优点被认为是理想的替代物之一。黄芪多糖作为扶本固正类中草药免疫增强剂,具有增强机体免疫、抗病毒、抗应激等作用。近年来,人们对黄芪多糖的研究已成为热点,本文仅从黄芪多糖的药理作用及在养鸡业上的应用作一简述,旨在为养鸡业提供参考依据。     

鸡感染免疫抑制病后的应对措施

1适当使用具有免疫增强作用的中草药许多中草药可提高机体的抗体水平及免疫力。补益类中药大多具有相同的成分如多糖类,像黄芪多糖,人参多糖,党参多糖等,大多具有提高机体免疫功能的作用。清热解毒类如黄连,黄芩,黄柏,大蒜,穿心莲,板蓝根等具有增强家禽机体免疫功能,有效地抑制病原菌的繁殖,对传染病具有防治作用。     

黄芪作为饲料添加剂在动物养殖上的应用

<正>近年来,由于人们对化学合成药毒副作用的认识的提高,国内外医药界开始重视开发天然植物药剂。开发毒副作用小、疗效显著、兼药物性和营养性于一体的中草药添加剂的需求越来越迫切,黄芪作为扶本固正类中草药饲料添加剂已开始被用于畜牧业生产。黄芪多糖具有提高营养     

中草药及其提取物的免疫增强及抑制作用

中草药免疫增强剂,是指具有增强机体免疫功能的中草药制剂,亦称免疫促进剂。近些年来,在用现代科技先进方法挖掘天然物中草药宝库中发现了许多天然物中草药或有关成分（多糖等）具有增强免疫功能的作用。     

中草药及提取物的免疫增强及抑制作用

中草药免疫增强剂,是指具有增强机体免疫功能的中草药之剂,亦称免疫促进剂。近些年来,在用现代科技先进方法挖掘天然物中草药宝库中发现了许多天然物中草药或有关成分（多糖等）具有增强免疫功能的作用。     

中草药及其提取物的免疫增强及抑制作用

中草药免疫增强剂,是指具有增强机体免疫功能的中草药之剂,亦称免疫促进剂。近些年来,在用现代科技先进方法挖掘天然物中草药宝库中发现了许多天然物中草药或有关成分（多糖等）具有增强免疫功能的作用。     

中草药提取物黄芪多糖在畜禽养殖中的应用

正黄芪多糖是中草药黄芪的重要活性成分之一,是天然中草药黄芪的提取物,毒性很低,无耐药性,具有抗病毒、抗应激、抗氧化、抗辐射等作用,能提高动物机体的免疫力,并且在畜产品中无残留,为一种绿色饲料添加剂。黄芪不仅可使机体免疫功能增强,还能提高细胞代谢并合成蛋白质,还同时具有消炎保肝、降压固肾等明显功效。1黄芪多糖在畜禽养殖中的作用1.1促生长作用黄芪多糖可以改善畜禽胃肠道微生态平衡,     

食用真菌多糖免疫调节作用及其机制研究进展

食用真菌多糖是一种从食用真菌中提取获得的安全无毒的天然高分子聚合物,具有复杂多样的生物学活性,国内外学者对食用真菌多糖在医学、药理学、食品科学等领域已进行了大量的研究,发现许多食用真菌最为显著的生物学活性是其免疫调节作用,其作用机理包括促进免疫器官发育、增强巨噬细胞吞噬功能、促进淋巴细胞增殖、提高体液免疫功能、促进免疫细胞因子及其mRNA表达、影响免疫细胞信号Ca2+、NO、cAMP和cGMPd的转导与活化等。部分食用菌多糖如香菇多糖、灰树花多糖已被用于辅助治疗免疫功能低下、肿瘤以及病毒感染性疾病。论文综述了食用真菌多糖对机体免疫功能的影响及其作用机理,为进一步开发利用我国丰富的食用菌资源提供依据。     

黄芪多糖对动物免疫功能的影响[综述]

随着减抗替抗的时代到来,研究和开发新型的绿色饲料添加剂是科研工作者的重要任务.中草药是一种绿色无污染天然的饲料添加剂,不仅具有预防病、保健、改善生产性能和动物品质等多种功能,还具有种类多、残留少、不易产生药性等特点.中草药不但能抑菌杀菌,还能提高动物的免疫和抗病能力.黄芪多糖是一种具有免疫调节作用的中草药绿色饲料添加....     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

国内外蛋氨酸与赖氨酸市场分析与展望

近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。