对甜菜夜蛾高毒力Bt新菌株的PCR-RFLP分析及生物活性测定

利用PCR-RFLP对Bt.新菌株cyz-13,T4-3的基因型进行分析。结果表明,cyz-13含有cry1Aa,cry1Ac,cry1Bc,cry2Ab4种基因型,其中cyz-13菌株的PCR产物的酶切片断类型不同于已知的基因类型;T4-3菌株含有cry1Aa,cry1Ac,cry1Ag,cry2Ac,cry1Ia5种基因型。室内生测结果显示,两菌株对甜菜夜蛾、粘虫、棉铃虫、玉米螟均具有高毒力,好于H D-1标准菌株。两菌株的发酵液均有杀虫活性,二者上清的杀虫因子不同。     

产Zwittermicin A的苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株的筛选及抗性基因zmaR的克隆与表达

 通过PCR方法筛选160株苏云金芽孢杆菌，其中94株含有zmaR基因。测定了含zmaR基因的菌株培养物上清液对草生欧文氏杆菌（Erwinia herbicola）的抑菌活性，结果表明有67株菌有抑菌活性，其中21株抑菌活性较高。经鉴定，抑菌活性较高的G03菌株含有cry1Ac、cry1Aa、cry1Ca和cry2Ab等高毒力杀虫基因，并从G03中克隆了zmaR全长基因，完成了序列测定。该基因编码区为1 125 bp，由核苷酸序列推导的氨基酸残基组成为375个，分子量为43.5 kD，等电点pI4.945。通过载体pET-21b将zmaR基因导入大肠杆菌BL21，可正常表达43.5 kD蛋白，并使宿主菌产生对Zwittermicin A的抗性。     

苏云金杆菌新菌株WB9 cry1基因型的PCR-RFLP分析

利用 PCR- RFLP技术对 Bt新菌株 WB9的 cry1基因型进行分析 ,结果表明该菌株含有 cry1Aa、cry1Ab、cry1Cb、cry1Fa和 cry1Ga 5种 cry1基因型 ,且 cry1Ab的酶切产物不同于正常的 cry1Ab.采用特异引物对 G1/ G2扩增 ,也证明 WB9含有 cry1Ab基因 .在此基础上 ,再利用引物对 G1/ K3un2进行扩增 ,其产物经回收纯化后用 Eco R / Xba 双酶切分析 ,结果也表明 WB9所含的 cry1Ab与众不同 ,无大片段出现且有一条 4 0 0 - 5 0 0 bp的特异片段     

Selection,effective dominance,and completeness of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 dual-protein resistance in Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

In the U.S., Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) is a major pest targeted by both transgenic maize and cotton expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins. Resistance of insect to Bt maize and cotton containing cry1A and cry2A genes has widely occurred in the U.S. In this study, two trials were performed to investigate larval survival and development of a Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 dual-protein resistant (VT2P-RR), a susceptible, and an F₁ heterozygous (VT2P-RS) populations of H. zea on ears of nine Bt and three non-Bt maize hybrids. The Bt maize hybrids evaluated represent five common pyramided traits expressing two or three of the Cry1A.105, Cry1Ab, Cry1F, Cry2Ab2, and Vip3Aa20 proteins. In the laboratory, neonates of the three H. zea populations were inoculated on silks of ears collected from maize at R1–R2 plant stages; and larval survivorship was checked 10 d after neonate release. All three insect populations survived normally on non-Bt maize ears. Varied numbers of VT2P-RR and VT2P-RS survived on ears of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 maize, while all larvae of the three populations died or could not develop on ears of Vip3Aa20-expressing maize. The results demonstrated that the dual-protein resistant H. zea was not cross-resistant to Vip3Aa20-expressing maize, and thus traits with vip3Aa20 gene should be effective to manage Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2-resistant H. zea. The resistance in VT2P-RR was determined to be incomplete on Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 maize. The effective dominance levels varied greatly, from recessive to incompletely dominant, depending on maize hybrids and trials, suggesting that proper selection of maize hybrids could be important for mitigating the Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 resistance. The data generated should aid in modeling multiple-protein Bt resistance in H. zea.     

一株对鳞翅目蔬菜害虫具有广谱高毒力的新Bt菌株

从河北省土壤分离出苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)MB-15菌株,利用室内生物活性测定的方法,与Bt标准菌株HD-1的杀虫毒力进行比较,结果发现该菌株胞晶混合液对棉铃虫(Helicoverpaarmigera)、甜菜夜蛾(Spodoptera exigua)、小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella)、斜纹夜蛾(Spodoptera litura)和菜青虫(Pieris rapae)等5种鳞翅目蔬菜害虫的毒力均高于标准菌株Bt HD-1胞晶混合液。对发酵液各组分活性的分析发现,该菌株的上清液对胞晶混合物的杀虫活性有明显的增效作用。光学显微镜下观察该菌株伴胞晶体为菱形,SDS-PAGE分析显示其伴胞晶体主要由130.0 kDa和65.0 kDa两种晶体蛋白组成。利用PCR-RFLP对其杀虫基因型进行鉴定,结果表明该菌株含有cry1Ac、cry2Aa、cry1I和vip3Aa基因。推断该菌株是一株对鳞翅目蔬菜害虫的防治具有潜在的商业开发价值的Bt野生株。     

利用DNA shuffling技术构建含5个cry基因的突变体库以筛选高毒力杀虫蛋白

以改造合成的5个Bt基因(crylC*、cry2A*、crylAb、crylAc和fry9C*)为材料,利用DNA shuff-ling的体外分子进化技术构建1个含有1 000个重组基因克隆的大肠杆菌表达库;通过诱导表达重组蛋白.ELISA方法测定蛋白表达量,以棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)为试验昆...     

苏云金芽胞杆菌cry1Ib6基因的克隆、表达及活性的研究

苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)能产生杀虫晶体蛋白(Insecticida Crystal Proteins, ICPs),对敏感昆虫有强烈毒性,而对高等动物和人无毒性。ICPs由cry或cyt基因编码,根据cry1I型基因设计引物,以Bt LB52菌株的质粒DNA为模板,扩增出了全长为2.1 kb的cry1I基因,其能通过表达载体pEB在大肠杆菌中高效表达为79.9 kDa的蛋白。经过AlginX软件分析该蛋白由712个氨基酸组成,分子量为79.9 kDa,等电点为6.54,为弱酸性蛋白质,NCBI Blast比对该蛋白的氨基酸序列与Cry1Ib3的相似性最高为98%,有12个氨基酸的差异。该基因已在GenBank中注册,登录号为ADK38579,并被国际基因命名委员会正式命名为cry1Ib6。它的表达产物对小菜蛾具有较高的毒力,LC50为1.196 μg/mL,为抗虫转基因植物研究提供了新的基因。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌LSZ9408菌株基因型的鉴定

利用聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)技术鉴定苏云金芽胞杆菌LSZ9408菌株的杀虫晶体蛋白及其基因组成.PCR结果表明:苏云金芽胞杆菌LSZ 9408菌株中含有cry1和cry2两种基因型.采用5对通用引物-Un1、Un2、Un3、Un4、Un7/8进行PCR扩增,结果显示:Un1和Un2引物扩增的DNA片段大小分别为270 bp和700 bp左右,其他引物无PCR扩增产物.SDS-PAGE结果也表明:苏云金芽胞杆菌LSZ 9408菌株中含有cry1和cry2两种基因,它们编码的杀虫晶体蛋白分子量约为130 kD和65 kD.     

苏云金芽胞杆菌BRC-HZP7杀虫晶体蛋白多样性分析

分离自武夷山土壤的苏云金芽胞杆菌BRC-HZP7菌株对小菜蛾和甜菜夜蛾幼虫有较好的毒杀作用.对该菌株进行了生理生化测定、cry基因的PCR-RFLP检测,以及通过SDS-PAGE检测晶体蛋白,并对蛋白点进行肽段指纹图谱鉴定.结果表明该菌株含有cry1Aa、cry1 Ba、cry1 Ia、cry2Ab、cry2Ac、cr...     

农杆菌介导法获得籼稻温敏核雄性不育系转Bt基因植株

通过农杆菌介导法将Bt融合型基因cry1Ab/cry1Ac导入籼稻温敏核雄性不育系03B198S和03B199S的愈伤组织,经过多轮潮霉素筛选,获得了一批独立转化体,同时,从每一个独立转化体至少再生出5株绿苗。经PCR、RT-PCR检测证实该Bt融合型基因已整合到部分受体基因组中,并表现出不同程度的表达。这些阳性转基因植株在异地异季低温条件下割蔸栽植,部分恢复可育,且表现出很强的抗螟虫性能。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌CPB012菌株的杀虫功能基因鉴定及其对害虫的控制作用

【目的】分析并鉴定对马铃薯甲虫(Leptinotarsa decemlineata)具强致病性的苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)CPB012菌株的杀虫基因型,为充分而有效地利用此生防菌奠定基础。【方法】CPB012菌株在LB培养基上30℃培养2-3 d,用苯酚品红进行晶体染色,观察伴孢晶体形态。cry1-cry10杀虫基因的检测选用技术成熟的PCR-RFLP（polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism）法,即对某一类基因（如cry1、cry2…）保守区序列设计通用引物,并引入限制性内切酶识别序列,将扩增产物用相应的限制性内切酶处理,得到的酶切图谱可以初步判断杀虫基因多态性。同时结合特异性PCR方法对二、三级分类基因（如cry1A、cry2Aa…）设计特异性引物进行扩增,将扩增产物测序比对。cry11-cry40和vip基因通过设计引物进行PCR检测。菌株在LB培养基上培养24、48、72和96 h分别提取晶体蛋白,结合晶体蛋白的SDS-PAGE图谱分析其表达的杀虫蛋白。室内分别测定CPB012对鳞翅目家蚕(Bombyx mori)、鞘翅目马铃薯甲虫和双翅目橘小实蝇(Bactrocera dorsalis)的杀虫效果;室内和田间测定CPB012与球孢白僵菌（Beauveria bassiana）MJ07菌株对马铃薯甲虫的生物协同防治效果。【结果】通过菌株形态和晶体形态的连续观察,发现CPB012能够产生方形和球形等晶体。基因型检测表明CPB012菌株含有cry1Aa、cry1Ia、cry2Aa、cry2Ab和vip3A,结合蛋白电泳图谱,其可能分别编码了约135、80、70、85-90 kD的大分子杀虫蛋白;同时可能还含有30和50 kD的两种新蛋白。室内生测试验显示,除马铃薯甲虫外,CPB012对家蚕和橘小实蝇也具有很强的毒杀作用,处理7 d 后死亡率分别为80.30%和76.72%。将CPB012与球孢白僵菌MJ07菌株按0.5﹕0.5剂量混合后室内接种,处理14 d后2龄马铃薯甲虫的累计死亡率达96.5%,极显著地(P<0.01)高于球孢白僵菌MJ07或苏云金芽孢杆菌CPB012单独处理的累计死亡率90.1%(MJ07)或83.3%（CPB012）。多重线性回归方程计算得出单独接种CPB012的LC₅₀为1.88×10⁷ cfu/mL,MJ07的LC₅₀为5.46×10⁷cfu/mL,而二者混用后LC₅₀为1.10×10⁷ cfu/mL,CTC（共毒系数）值为254,增效明显。在田间施用CPB012+MJ07混合剂(0.5﹕0.5)后对1龄和2龄马铃薯甲虫的防治效果分别为47.5%和43.8%, 显著高于MJ07、CPB012和Bt药剂对照的防治效果。【结论】苏云金芽孢杆菌CPB012的杀虫功能由cry1Aa、cry1Ia、cry2Aa、cry2Ab和vip3A等基因所决定,这些基因编码135、80、70、85-90 kD的杀虫毒蛋白。该菌的杀虫谱较广,对鞘翅目、鳞翅目和双翅目害虫都具有很强的生物毒性,其与球孢白僵菌MJ07混合施用可显著提高对马铃薯甲虫的防治效果。     

Biological characteristics of Bacillus thuringiensis strain Bt11 and identification of its cry-type genes

A novel strain of Bacillus thuringiensis Bt11, isolated from soil samples in China, was classified and characterized in terms of its crystal proteins, cry genes content. The Bt11 strain showed high toxicity against Spodoptera exigua and Helicoverpa armigera neonates. Bt11 strain shares morphological and biochemical characteristics with the previously described Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that crystals were composed of several polypeptides ranging from 20 to 130 kDa, of which the 35, 80, and 130 kDa proteins were the major components. PCR-RFLP with total DNA from strain Bt11 and specific primers for cry1, cry2, cry3, cry4/10, cry7, cry8, cry9, and cry11 genes revealed that cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ia, and cry9Ea genes were present.     

质粒拯救型T-DNA标签质粒的构建

[目的]为了高效率地获得转基因植物的旁邻序列。[方法]以pUC18及pWM101为出发质粒,通过用限制性内切酶EcoRⅠ和HindⅢ双酶切质粒pUC18,得到含大肠杆菌复制起点及氨苄青霉素抗性基因的pUC18大片断,并将这段DNA整合到pWM101的T-DNA之中构建重组质粒。[结果]该质粒利用根癌农杆菌转化植物后,可利用潮霉素筛选转化细胞,拯救质粒则可转化大肠杆菌后,以氨苄青霉素进行筛选。[结论]该研究为以后的用T-DNA标签研究植物功能奠定了基础。     

Polyhedrosis Virus in Bacillus thuringiensis

This study was conducted to build a recombinant strain with highly insecticidal activity and a wide host range by using the cry1Ac and p74 gene.Firstly,the p74 gene was amplified from the genosome of Autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus.The cry1Ac gene and the terminator gene of cry1Ac,named cry1Act,were amplified from the plasmid of Bt 4.0718 strain.Three T vectors,named pTp74,pT1Ac,and pT1 Act which held the aimed gene p74,cry1Ac,and cry1Act,respectively,and two middle vectors,named pTp74Act and pT1Acp74 which held the aimed fusion gene p74-cry1Act and cry1Ac-p74,respectively,were built by using pMD18-T.Then pT1Acp74 and the shuttle plasmid were digested and linked and an expressing-vector pH1Acp74 was built.Finally,pH1Acp74 was transformed into the acrystalliferous strain XBU001 and the aimed recombinant strain XBU-H1Acp74 was obtained.The expression of Bt transformant XBU-H1Acp74 was analyzed by SDS-PAGE which showed XBU-H1Acp74 could produce 130 kDa Cry1Ac protein and 50 kDa P74 protein.The insecticidal activity of transformant against Spodoptera exigua was evaluated compared with the contrast strains HTX-42(only cry1Ac gene was transformed into XBU001)after autolysis.The LC50 of HTX-42 was higher than that of the XBU-H1Acp74's,which implied that P74 could increase the efficacy and range of Bt Cry toxins in insect control.The fusion gene of cry1Ac and p74 were constructed successfully which will be served as the foundation for constructing the fusion genes of Bt cry gene and other foreign genes.     

苏云金杆菌cry Ⅰ A(a)、cry Ⅰ A(b)和cry Ⅰ A(c)基因型的PCR分析鉴定

根据苏云金杆菌（Ｂａｃｉｌｕｓｔｈｕｒｉｎｇｉｅｎｓｉｓ）杀虫晶体蛋白基因的结构特点,合成了ｃｒｙⅠ基因５′端特异引物和３′端共同引物,利用ＰＣＲ扩增,使不同基因引物产生不同长度的扩增产物,通过扩增产物片段的分子量大小来确定菌株所含杀虫基因类型．本研究对福建农业大学生物技术中心分离和保存的２０个菌株进行了ｃｒｙⅠＡ（ａ～ｃ）基因类型的ＰＣＲ鉴定．结果表明：４个菌株含有ｃｒｙⅠＡ（ａ）、ｃｒｙⅠＡ（ｂ）和ｃｒｙⅠＡ（ｃ）基因,２个菌株含有ｃｒｙⅠＡ（ａ）和ｃｒｙⅠＡ（ｃ）基因,其余菌株不含所鉴定的基因类型．     

核型多角体病毒p74基因在苏云金芽胞杆菌中的表达

 【目的】利用核型多角体病毒（NPV）的p74基因与苏云金芽胞杆菌（Bt）的cry1Ac基因构建融合基因cry1Ac-p74,构建具有广谱杀虫作用的工程菌。【方法】从Bt4.0718菌株中克隆cry1Ac基因及其终止子cry1Act,从苜蓿丫纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒（AcMNPV）中克隆p74基因,以pMD-T作为大肠杆菌亚克隆载体,分别构建含有目的基因片段的T载体pT1Ac、pTp74、pT1Act以及中间载体pT1Act、pTp74Act,获得携带有目的融合基因cry1Ac-p74的表达载体pH1Acp74;该表达载体电转化至Bt无晶体突变株XBU001,得到目的重组菌株XBU-H1Acp74。【结果】XBU-H1Acp74可表达130 kD的Cry1Ac蛋白和50 kD的P74蛋白,生测显示P74蛋白可以协同Cry1Ac的杀虫效果。【结论】本研究成功构建了cry1Ac基因与p74基因融合的Bt工程菌,为进一步研究和构建新型生物杀虫剂的工程菌株,研制出高效、广谱、安全的杀虫剂提供了新的技术途径。     

苏云金杆菌新菌株WZ-7的PCR-RFLP分析及生物活性研究

利用PCR—RFLP技术分析了自河北省土壤中分离的苏云金杆菌新菌株WZ-7，结果表明该菌株含有cryl、cry2Ab、cryllal型基因，其中cryl型基因的酶切片段类型不同于已发表的基因类型，有可能含有新的基因。SDS—PAGE分析结果出现130、79、73、66、60、58kD左右的6种晶体蛋白，毒素蛋白类型属于Ⅱ型。室内生测结果显示，该菌株对重要的农业害虫棉铃虫、甜菜夜蛾、小菜蛾、菜青虫、玉米螟等均有较高的杀虫毒力。     

电穿孔法用于大肠杆菌和苏云金杆菌的转化及质粒消除

利用电脉冲将质粒pHT3101和pHE－4D分别转入了大肠杆菌和苏云金杆菌,结果显示大肠杆菌DNA的转化率（转化子）为104～105·μg－1,苏云金杆菌的DNA的转化率（转化子）为102～103·μg－1．同时利用该法消除了Escherichiacoli菌株TG1和Bt菌株ISP78／11中的pHT3101质粒,消除率分别为88．6％和66．4％．比较了转化和质粒消除的条件并构建了一个工程菌．     

No detrimental effect of Bt maize pollen containing Cry1Ab/2Aj or Cry1Ac on adult green lacewings Chrysoperla sinica Tjeder

Adult Chrysoperla sinica Tjeder is a common pollen feeder in maize fields. They are thus directly exposed to insecticidal proteins by consumption of genetically engineered maize pollen containing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) proteins. Here we assessed the potential effects of Cry1Ab/2Aj- or Cry1Ac-containing Bt maize pollen on the fitness of adult C. sinica via a dietary-exposure assay under laboratory conditions. Survival, pre-oviposition, fecundity and adult dry weight did not differ between adult C. sinica consuming Bt or the corresponding non-Bt maize pollen. The stability of the Cry protein in the food sources and uptake of the Cry protein by adult C. sinica during the feeding experiment were confirmed by ELISA. These results demonstrate that adult C. sinica are not affected by the consumption of Cry1Ab/2Aj- or Cry1Ac-containing maize pollen, suggesting that production of Bt maize expressing cry1Ab/2Aj or cry1Ac genes will pose a negligible risk to adult C. sinica.     

Construction of a Fosmid genomic library of Streptomyces roseoflavus Men-myco-93-63

To clone the antibiotic biosynthesis gene cluster of Streptomyces roseoflavus Men-myco-93-63, we constructed a Fosmid genomic library. The genomic DNA of the strain Men-myco-93-63 was isolated by the modified CTAB procedure, and the size of most genomic DNA fragments was larger than 150 kb. Then, a Fosmid genomic library containing more than 6000 clones was constructed. The average size of the inserted DNA in recombinant plasmids was 38.1 kb, and the probability of harboring any gene in the genome of the strain Men-myco-93-63 was 99.99%. The library coverage was at least a 10-fold genome equivalent. Therefore, the constructed Fosmid library meets the requirements as a standard genomic library