洞庭青鲫肠道细菌分离及分泌胞外酶的能力分析

为了解湖南澧县北民湖(原产地)健康洞庭青鲫鱼(431.11～439.17 g/尾)肠道菌群的组成,2021年1月通过分离、纯化、培养,从健康洞庭青鲫肠道中获得24个细菌菌株,对其菌体形态、染色反应、培养性状、生理生化反应、分泌胞外酶(蛋白酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶和纤维素酶)能力等进行了系统研究。结果表明,22株分泌胞外蛋白酶,占菌株总数的91.67%;18株分泌胞外脂肪酶,占菌株总数的75.00%;10株分泌胞外淀粉酶,占菌株总数的41.67%;13株分泌胞外纤维素酶,占菌株总数的54.17%。4株菌分泌4种胞外酶,12株菌分泌3种胞外酶,5株菌分泌2种胞外酶,1株菌分泌1种胞外酶,2株菌不分泌胞外酶。洞庭青鲫肠道菌中各种产酶菌高达91.67%,说明肠道菌在洞庭青鲫食物消化过程中具有重要作用。     

犊牛和羔羊腹泻大肠杆菌F_(17)抗原菌株的研究

本报告用因子血清玻板凝集反应和电子显微镜技术首次从我国分离的68株犊牛腹泻大肠杆菌中鉴定出4株,51株羔羊腹泻大肠杆菌中鉴定出1株F_(17)纤毛抗原菌株。菌株产热稳定肠毒素性和部分动物红细胞的甘露糖抗性血凝特性测定的结果表明:5株F_(17)抗原菌均能产生热稳定肠毒素,对兔红细胞具有甘露糖抗性血凝特性,而对绵羊和豚鼠红细胞不具有该特性。     

家蚕肠道产酶菌的分离与筛选

探明家蚕肠道菌在食物消化过程中的作用,有助于微生态饲用添加剂的开发研究。从家蚕肠道中分离出30株菌株,并研究了它们的胞外淀粉酶、蛋白酶、纤维素酶和脂肪酶的产酶能力。在家蚕肠道中存在着可以分泌蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶和纤维素酶的菌株。在分离到的30株肠道菌株中,产4种酶的有1株菌,产3种酶的有4株菌,产2种酶的有2株菌,产1种酶的有11株菌,不产酶的有12株菌。在产酶菌中,有9株菌株能分泌蛋白酶,能分泌脂肪酶和纤维素酶的各有7株菌,有8株菌株能分泌淀粉酶。家蚕肠道菌中的各种产酶菌高达60%,表明了肠道菌在家蚕食物消化过程中的重要性。     

黄颡鱼源拟态弧菌的分离鉴定

采用病理剖检、分离培养、染色镜检、生化试验和16S rRNA基因序列分析等方法对分离菌株进行鉴定,结果显示该分离菌的培养特性、菌落形特征、生理生化特征均与拟态弧菌相同;药敏试验结果表明,该分离菌对链霉素、罗红霉素、丁胺卡那、氧氟沙星高度敏感,对多黏菌素敏感,对青霉素、氟苯尼考、头孢曲松、强力霉素耐药;16S rRNA基因序列同源性分析结果显示,该分离菌与弧菌科弧菌属的同源性为92.8%～99.9%,其中与中国分离的2株拟态弧菌的同源性最高(99.9%)。遗传进化树结果表明,分离株与霍乱弧菌、易北河弧菌、溶藻弧菌、拟态弧菌等自成一个分支,其中在这分支下与中国分离的拟态弧菌SCCF04(KC503059.1)、拟态弧菌XQ(KJ604709.1)单独另成一个小分支。从黄颡鱼中分离出1株拟态弧菌,并将命名为201811,试验结果可为黄颡鱼拟态弧菌病的防控提供参考。     

嗜水气单胞菌不同分离株生化特性及胞外蛋白酶的检测

嗜水气单胞菌可引起多种宿主患病,该菌致病性与其产生的多种毒力因子特别是胞外蛋白酶有关。本研究检测了26株嗜水气单胞菌不同分离株的生化指标,采用脱脂乳平板法检测了胞外蛋白酶的产生情况,并利用PCR技术检测了2种胞外蛋白酶基因ahp-A(编码丝氨酸胞外蛋白酶)和eprCAI(编码温敏胞外蛋白酶)。结果表明,大部分菌株生化指标表现为蔗糖(+)、阿拉伯糖(+)、葡萄糖(+)、甘露醇(+)、鸟氨酸脱羧酶(-)、肌醇(-)、七叶苷(+);脱脂乳平板法检测发现,91.7%(22/24)的致病菌株均能产生胞外蛋白酶,而2株无毒株则不能产生,对2个胞外蛋白酶基因的检测也得到相似的结果。本研究将为嗜水气单胞菌的流行病学调查和致病机制的深入研究奠定基础。     

噬菌蛭弧菌微生态制剂在动物养殖中的应用

噬菌蛭弧菌(下简称蛭弧菌)是Stolp等(1962)在德国土壤中于一种植物假单胞菌上发现的一类细菌的寄生菌.蛭弧菌比通常的细菌小,有似细菌病毒(噬菌体)的作用,具有细菌特性,寄生和裂解(溶菌)宿主细菌是蛭弧菌独特的生物学特性.     

青虾源维氏气单胞菌胞外产物生物学特性及蛋白成分分析

为了研究维氏气单胞菌胞外产物在青虾感染中的致病作用以及维氏气单胞菌的致病机理,本试验以青虾源维氏气单胞菌QXF0711B为研究对象,提取其胞外产物,采用打孔法测定其胞外产物的酶活性,并对溶血活性进行溶血谱分析,同时分析其致病性。应用液相质谱与串联质谱相结合方法(LC-MSMS)对其胞外产物蛋白成分进行鉴定,利用Gene Ontology(GO)对已鉴定蛋白进行生物学过程、分子功能和细胞组分的分类分析。结果表明:QXF0711B菌株胞外产物具有淀粉酶活性、脂肪酶活性、蛋白酶活性和溶血活性,不具有明胶酶活性;其可溶解多种动物红细胞,尤以对鱼类红细胞溶血性更强,但对鸡、鸭红细胞无溶血活性。通过对菌株胞外产物蛋白成分分析显示有90种蛋白:共参与45种生物学过程,主要涉及碳水化合物代谢过程、运输等;共有46种分子功能,主要涉及DNA结合、ATP结合、金属离子结合等;为12种细胞组分,主要包括膜的有机组成、细胞质、细胞外膜等。     

鱼类致病性气单胞菌诊断试剂盒的研制

在 Dot-ELISA检测胞外蛋白酶 ( ECPase)的基础上 ,研制了鱼类致病性气单胞菌诊断试剂盒。该试剂盒可检出气单胞菌培养上清中的 ECPase,检出的最低水平为 78μg/L;气单胞菌属的细菌均呈现阳性反应 ,与迟缓爱德华菌、鳗弧菌、鲁氏耶氏菌、荧光假单胞菌等 4种常见鱼类致病菌不发生交叉反应 ,仅与大肠杆菌有轻微交叉反应。反应试剂盒和脱脂奶平板法检测 2 3株参考株和 1 2 4株样本 ,两者符合率分别为 73.9%和87.2 %。以上试验批内、批外重复 3次结果一致。试剂盒可在 2 4 h内报告结果 ,保存期达 1 a,具有敏感、特异、实用的优点 ,可用于鱼类致病性气单胞菌的诊断     

大菱鲆源美人鱼发光杆菌胞外产物生物学特性及蛋白成分分析

为了研究美人鱼发光杆菌胞外产物对大菱鲆的致病作用以及美人鱼发光杆菌的致病机理,本试验以大菱鲆源美人鱼发光杆菌为研究对象,提取其胞外产物,采用打孔法测定其胞外产物的酶活性,并对溶血活性进行溶血谱分析,同时分析其致病性。应用LC-MSMS方法对其胞外产物蛋白成分进行鉴定,利用Gene Ontology(GO)对已鉴定蛋白进行生物学过程、分子功能和细胞组分的分类分析。结果表明:美人鱼发光杆菌胞外产物具有淀粉酶活性、脂肪酶活性、蛋白酶活性、卵磷脂酶活性和溶血活性,不具有明胶酶活性和脂肪酶活性;其可溶解多种动物红细胞,尤以对鱼类红细胞溶血性更强,但对鸡、鸭红细胞无溶血活性。通过对菌株胞外产物蛋白成分分析显示,有45种蛋白共参与34种生物学过程,主要涉及碳水化合物代谢过程、运输等;共有41种分子功能,主要涉及脱氢酶、磷酸酶、氧化还原酶和金属离子结合等;包括15种细胞组分,主要有细胞质和细胞外膜等。     

乌鳢源维氏气单胞菌胞外产物的生物学活性分析

为研究维氏气单胞菌胞外产物在乌鳢感染中的致病作用以及维氏气单胞菌的致病机理,以乌鳢源维氏气单胞菌WL161为研究对象,提取其胞外产物,采用打孔法测定其胞外产物的酶活性,并对与毒力密切相关的溶血活性进行进一步的溶血谱研究,同时分析其致病性。应用LCMSMS方法对其胞外产物蛋白成分进行鉴定,利用Gene Ontology(GO)对已鉴定蛋白进行生物学过程、分子功能和细胞组分的分类分析。结果表明,WL161菌株具有淀粉酶活性、脂肪酶活性、蛋白酶活性和溶血活性,不具有明胶酶活性;ECP对其他多种动物红细胞均有溶血活性,对鱼类红细胞溶血性较强,但对鸡红细胞无溶血活性。其胞外产物共检测出118种蛋白,共参与40种生物学过程,主要涉及碳水化合物代谢过程、几丁质分解代谢过程、DNA结合等;69种分子功能主要涉及ATP结合、金属离子结合、碳水化合物结合等;19种细胞组分主要包括胞外区、细胞质、细胞外膜等。     

Purification and partial characterisation of a fish lethal extracellular protease from Vibrio pelagius

The purification, characterisation and lethal effect of an extracellular protease present in the extracellular products (ECPs) of a pathogenic Vibrio pelagius (7P) strain are described. The extracellular protease was purified by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography and characterised by enzymatic assays. The lethal effect was evaluated by injection into fish. The native protease had a molecular mass of 39 kDa, was active on casein and L-leucyl-beta-naphthylamide (LNA) and its metalloprotease nature was shown by the LNA inhibition profile. Kinetic studies on the hydrolysis of casein and LNA confirmed a competitive inhibition of one substrate with respect to the other. The temperature assays showed that both aminopeptidolytic and caseinolytic activities were labile at 70 degrees C for 3 min. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of 7P protease revealed a high degree of homology with other metalloproteases of Vibrio species that are implicated in virulence. The purified 7P protease showed an LD(50) of 1.77 microgprotein/g fish for turbot. The quick lethal effect (<24h) and the macroscopic damage (external haemorrhagic areas, principally on fins and mouth, petechial haemorrhages in internal organs, but with no external or internal apparent necrotic areas) detected in the host were similar to those obtained by injection of total ECP and live cells of 7P strain.An extracellular protease with endopeptidolytic and exopeptidolytic activities, responsible for the lethal effect of ECP and clinical signs of vibriosis in turbot was purified from a pathogenic V. pelagius (7P) strain.     

The humoral immune response of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) immunised by various regimes and preparations of Aeromonas salmonicida antigens

Antibody production in rainbow trout to extracellular antigens was investigated. The following antigen preparations and immunisation regimes were used: native extracellular products (ECP) in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), intraperitoneally (i.p.) with and without booster; formalinized ECP in FCA, i.p. with and without booster; washed, formalinized A. salmonicida cells in FCA, i.p., with booster; native ECP in saline, i.m., four weekly injections at two different doses, 45 micrograms and 6 micrograms each injection (after the protocol of Shieh, 1985). Using crossed normal rainbow trout serum, i.p., single injection (after the protocol of Sakai, 1985). Using crossed immunoelectrophoresis all antisera contained precipitating antibodies to three to five ECP components except that from fish immunised i.m. with 6 micrograms protein where antibodies were undetectable. In no case were specific antibodies to ECP protease or haemolysin detected. In a rabbit immunised with formalinized ECP in FCA under a similar regime to the rainbow trout, antibodies to at least 15 ECP components, including protease and haemolysin, were detected. The assumption of a specific immune response to the protease, at least in respect of antibody production, in recent reports of protection afforded by vaccines composed of either crude ECP or partially purified protease (Shieh, 1985) or partially purified protease inactivated by normal serum (Sakai, 1985) is not supported by the present findings.     

Comparative antigenic analysis of extracellular proteins of Bacteroides nodosus isolated from virulent and benign ovine footrot

Antigens in the extracellular protein (ECP) complexes of Bacteroides nodosus, isolated from sheep with either benign or virulent footrot, were studied by immunoelectrophoresis (IEP). Rabbit antisera against ECP from virulent and benign strains, were used in homologous and heterologous crossed IEP. Four precipitin peaks unique to the virulent strain, and five peaks unique to the benign strain were identified. In an attempt to characterize the different antigens in ECP, rabbit antisera were raised against an outer membrane protein (OMP, mol. wt. 35 000 daltons), pili and various proteases of virulent and benign strains of B. nodosus. No precipitin band was observed when ECP from both B. nodosus strains were reacted against anti-OMP and anti-pilus antisera. However, single precipitin bands unique to one protease from the benign strain and one protease from the virulent strain were identified. The results suggest that specific antigens other than proteases or pili are important in determining whether a B. nodosus isolate is virulent or benign.     

Development of Monoclonal Antibodies to the Extracellular Products of Mycobacterium spp. Isolated from Chevron Snakehead and the Reference Strain Mycobacterium chelonei

Abstract

Thirteen monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were prepared against the extracellular product (ECP) of Mycobacterium sp., strain TB267, isolated from chevron snakehead Channa striata, and five MAbs were prepared against the reference strain Mycobacterium chelonei. The reactivity of the MAbs was examined against seven different strains of mycobacteria by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blot analysis was used to establish the molecular weight of antigens recognized by the MAbs. Western blot analysis proved essential for the selection of the MAbs because some that did not react by ELISA were found to be positive in this assay. All MAbs recognized a 65-kilodalton (kDa) protein present in ECPs, whole cell sonicates, and lysate preparations of the mycobacteria examined, and the epitopes recognized by the MAbs were located on molecules susceptible to protease activity. The 65-kDa protein, one of the major protein constituents of the mycobacterial preparations, was found in periplasmic spaces and cell walls of the bacteria via immunogold staining with MAbs.     

迟缓爱德华氏菌胞外产物的细胞毒性和动物致病性

分析了２８株迟缓受德华氏菌（Ｅdwardwiella tarda,Ｅt）胞外产物（extracellular puodrcts,ＥＣＰ）的致病性。将Ｅt用覆有玻璃纸的ＴＳＡ培养,１８株（６９．２３％）的 ＥＣＰ使ＨＥp－２细胞产生病认,认圆,脱落。这种细胞毒作用能被ＡＴＣＣ１５９４７株的ＥＣＰ抗体作为探 针进行免疫转印分析,结果显示,不同来源的９株Ｅt的ＥＣＰ在 转印膜上出现３条共同蛋白条带,相对分子质量分别约１４４００、３２、３００、７９、     

Resynchronization of estrus in cattle of unknown pregnancy status using estrogen,progesterone, or both

Our objective was to develop treatments applied to cattle of unknown pregnancy status that would resynchronize the repeat estrus of nonpregnant females. In Exp. 1, previously inseminated dairy and beef heifers were assigned randomly to each of three treatments 13 d after AI: 1) no treatment (controls; n = 44); 2) 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate (ECP) i.m. on d 13 and 20 at the time of insertion and removal of a used intravaginal progesterone (P4)-releasing insert (CIDR; P4 + ECP; n = 44); and 3) same as P4 + ECP without injections of ECP (P4; n = 42). The P4 + ECP (>90%) and P4 (>75%) protocols effectively synchronized repeat periods of estrus to 2 d and did not harm established pregnancies. In Exp. 2, treatments similar to those in Exp. 1 were applied to previously inseminated beef heifers (n = 439). Feeding 0.5 mg of melengestrol acetate (MGA) from d 13 to 19 after AI replaced the CIDR as a source of progestin. Of those heifers not pregnant (n = 65) after the initial AI, more than 86% were reinseminated, but conception was decreased (P < 0.05) by 28 to 39% compared with controls. In Exp. 3, previously inseminated lactating beef cows at four locations were assigned within herd to each of three treatments: 1) no treatment (control; n = 307); 2) same as in Exp. 1, but with P4 + 1 mg of estradiol benzoate on d 13 and 20 (P4 + EB; n = 153); and 3) same as in Exp. 1, P4 + ECP (n = 149). Treatments with P4 plus estrogen did not decrease conception rates in pregnant cows at any location, but increased (P < 0.05) the percentage of nonpregnant cows returning to estrus between 19 and 23 d after timed AI from 29% in controls to 86% in P4 + EB and 65% in P4 + ECP cows. Conception rates at the return estrus were not decreased when treatments occurred between d 13 and 20. In Exp. 4, lactating beef cows were assigned as in Exp. 3 to each of three treatments: 1) no treatment (controls; n = 51); 2) P4 + ECP (n = 47), as in Exp. 1; and 3) a single injection of ECP on d 13 (n = 48). Previously established pregnancies were not harmed (P = 0.70), and return rates of nonpregnant cows did not differ (P = 0.78) among treatments. In summary, in both heifers and lactating beef cows, the P4-based resynchronization treatments increased synchronized return rates when estrus detection rates were low, had no negative effects on established pregnancies, and decreased or tended to decrease conception rates at the resynchronized estrus.     

Extracellular virulence factors of fish Vibrio: relationships between toxic material, hemolysin, and proteolytic enzyme

Biological activities of cell-free culture filtrate of 3 virulent strains of fish Vibrio were examined to determine the relationship to the pathogenesis of fish vibriosis. Among the 3 strains examined, V anguillarum strains NCMB6 and NCMB571 produced hemolysin and protease, whereas V ordalii strain N7802 did not. Culture filtrate of strain NCMB571 were lethal to rainbow trout and produced a cytotoxic effect on fish cell line. Results revealed that the extracellular products may be involved in the pathogenesis of fish vibriosis.     

Induction of inflammatory cytokines by extracellular products and LPS of the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. achromogenes in mice and mouse cell cultures

Balb/c mice, injected i.p. with extracellular products (ECP) of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes (Asa), displayed symptoms similar to toxic shock syndrome. The LD(50) observed was between 1.5 and 2.0 microg g(-1) and the mice died within 19 h. Four inflammatory cytokines were measured in mice receiving sublethal ECP doses. TNF-alpha and IL-6 showed a sharp peak in the serum while IL-1 beta and IL-2 were not detected. When peritoneal macrophages were cultivated in the presence of ECP, AsaP1 (a toxic caseinolytic metallo-protease purified from ECP) or LPS, all cultures produced TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-1 beta. The same antigens were mitogenic in spleen cell cultures. Furthermore, IL-2 production, which is a normal T-cell response to ConA stimulation, was downregulated in spleen cell cultures from mice injected with ECP.     

H1N1猪流感病毒环介导等温扩增快速检测方法的建立

目的:建立H1N1猪流感病毒环介导等温扩增(LAMP)快速检测方法。方法:从GenBank中获得H1N1猪流感病毒血凝素(HA)、神经氨酸酶(NA)基因序列,应用DNAStar软件MegAlign程序分析其序列,利用Primer ExplorerV4软件在序列保守区域设计LAMP引物,即外引物和内引物,同时以H1N1猪流感病毒的cDNA作为阳性模板,对试验中的几个反应条件进行优化。结果:LAMP检测方法对H1N1猪流感病毒的灵敏度达到4～6个拷贝,其引物对于H9亚型禽流感病毒、猪瘟病毒和猪圆环病毒均无非特异性扩增,表现出良好的特异性。结论:建立的H1N1猪流感病毒环介导等温扩增快速检测方法灵敏度高、特异性强、重复性好,为快速检测猪流感病毒提供了新方法和新思路。