Training-induced modifications in some biochemical defences against free radicals in equine erythrocytes

Oxidative stress develops when the generation of free radicals exceeds the antioxidant capacity of cells or extracellular fluids. It can also occur as a result of physical exercise, and the pathogenesis of exercise-induced myopathies and haemolysis in horses may be related to changes in lipid peroxidation caused by free radicals. Cells have developed biochemical protection against oxidative stress and, as tissues seem to increase their antioxidant defences under chronic activation, training may be one of the ways of increasing antioxidant defences. Accordingly, we tested some enzymatic antioxidant activities as well as nonenzymatic antioxidants in horses undergoing special training. The results indicated a decrease in both chemical and biochemical defences against free radicals during training. It was deduced that the horses' diet may have been unable to provide the increased need for antioxidant defences resulting from training.Abbreviations DPH 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene - EU enzymic unit - GSH-Px glutathione peroxidase - P degree of fluorescence polarization - Phospholipid P phosphorous content in phospholipids - RBC red blood cell - t-ButOOH t-butylhydroperoxide     

足球场草坪养护技术的应用研究

根据足球场草坪养护中存在的问题和技术要求，研究应用无纺布建立备草区、喷施矮化剂和着色剂等新技术以及施肥与补播等常规技术在足球场草坪实际养护中的操作技术与方法。     

中华人民共和国最高人民法院中华人民共和国最高人民检察院公告

《最高人民法院、最高人民检察院关于办理非法生产、销售、使用禁止在饲料和动物饮用水中使用的药品等刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》已经最高人民法院审判委员会第1237次会议、最高人民检察院第九届检察委员会第109次会议通过。现予公布,自2002年8月23日起施行。     

2009年昆明全犬种展评暨训练比赛散记

昆明的秋天是温和的、柔媚的，月季花随处开着，叶子花妩媚而娇嫩，空气中弥漫着各种花香，仿佛春天一般，可谓“春城无处不飞花”。湛蓝而高远的天空，几朵白云悠闲地飘着。一场热烈而精彩的全犬种展评暨训练比赛正在位于昆明市北郊的公安部昆明警犬基地赛场等候着养犬爱犬之人。这一天是2009年10月17日，也是一年一度的由中国工作犬管理协会主办，公安部昆明警犬基地、中国工作犬管理协会昆明办事处承办的犬的盛会。     

Cardiovascular demands of competition on low-goal (non-elite) polo ponies.

Knowledge of the competitive demands of different sports or activities is important for designing appropriate training programmes to ensure that animals reach a sufficient level of fitness to reduce the risk of overexertion and injury or illness and to achieve the best possible performance in relation to an individual's genetic potential. Whilst the physiological demands of many equestrian sports have been described, to the best of our knowledge the cardiovascular demands of polo have not. The aims of the present study were therefore to record heart rate during and after competitive polo games in a group of low-goal (non-elite) polo ponies in order to describe the absolute heart rates during play, the relationship of these heart rates to maximal heart rate and the characteristics of a typical chukka in terms of effort. Six low-goal polo ponies were studied during a total of 59 chukkas. Heart rate was monitored continuously before, during and after competition using a commercial heart rate monitor. Maximal heart rate was determined with field and treadmill incremental exercise tests and used to express work intensity in terms of time during play that each ponies heart rate was less than 75% HRmax, between 75 and 90% HRmax and greater than 90% HRmax. Mean maximum heart rate was not different during play or during field and treadmill exercise tests; 215+/-7 (mean +/- s.d.), 211+/-7 and 213+/-2 beats/min, respectively (P>0.05). Mean heart rate for all ponies over all chukkas was 166+/-6 beats/min with a mean chukka duration of 611+/-18 s. Of this time, 44+/-7% of the time was spent below 75% HRmax, 39+/-8% between 75 and 90% HRmax and 17+/-8% of time above 90% HRmax. When only one chukka had been played, there was a good correlation between mean heart rate during play and 3 min recovery heart rate (r = 0.63, P<0.001). Based on these observations, it is proposed that low-goal polo places moderate to high stress on the cardiovascular system.     

Protocols in Medicolegal Veterinary Medicine: I. Identification of Cases and Preparation for Court

Guidelines for the identification of potential legal cases and the correct procedures for recording and handling of information and exhibits are described. Preparation for court appearance as an expert witness is discussed.