几种生根剂对圆叶海棠硬枝扦插生根的影响

用硬枝扦插方法可繁殖圆叶海棠。几种生根剂在不同浓度、不同时间下的蘸根处理试验结果表明,各种处理均利于圆叶海棠生根,与对照相比,效果十分明显,其中,2 000 mg/L ABT2号生根粉速蘸处理效果最佳,成活率达97%,当年可供嫁接苗木在93.8%以上;5 000 mg/L国光生根粉速蘸处理,成活率达91%,当年可供嫁接苗木为88.5%;2 000 mg/L ABT1号生根粉速蘸处理,成活率达93%,当年可供嫁接苗木为83.9%。生根剂处理插条繁殖苗木操作方法简便,生产成本低,可在苗木扩繁中推广应用。     

软枣猕猴桃试管苗驯化移栽技术的研究

为探索利于软枣猕猴桃组培苗(试管苗)移栽的条件,以生长健壮、木质化程度高、株高4～6 cm、5～7条根的"龙发一号"软枣猕猴桃试管苗为试材,测定了试管苗移栽前预处理方法、栽培基质以及移栽后生长环境对移栽效果的影响.结果表明,将整瓶试管苗移至室内自然光照下4 d炼苗后,清水洗苗,蘸生根粉溶液(萘乙酸钠30 mg/L)移栽...     

不同基质和生根粉浓度对西番莲扦插苗的影响

以黄壤、黄壤:有机肥=1:0.05为扦插基质,生根粉0、100、200 mg/L处理西番莲扦插苗,研究不同基质和不同浓度生根粉对扦插苗成活率、生物学特性及生物量的影响。结果表明,以黄壤:有机肥=1:0.05处理效果最好,成活率达到93%;相同基质处理下,插苗生物学特性和生物量均表现为生根粉200mg/L处理100 mg/L处理0 mg/L处理。说明以黄壤:有机肥=1:0.05为基质,生根粉200mg/L处理扦插穗条效果最佳。     

软枣猕猴桃硬枝扦插覆膜倒置促根技术试验

为克服早春地温低的现象,提高软枣硬枝扦插的生根率,进行了软枣猕猴桃硬枝扦插覆膜倒置催根技术试验。结果表明,软枣猕猴桃硬枝扦插覆膜倒置催根技术较常规扦插提高生根率为18.4%,平均生根率达到97.08%。     

不同浓度ABT生根粉对红花檵木嫩枝扦插生根影响

红花檵木嫩枝扦插繁殖研究结果表明:不同基质之间、不同基质与ABT生根粉1号不同浓度之间的成活率及生长量均有显著差异,9月份红花檵木200mg/L的生根粉浓度浸泡插穗3h。扦插在蛭石上其成活率(94.8%)、主根数(2.733)、平均根长(8.667cm),及根干重(0.28g)为最佳。     

ABT生根粉在银杏嫩枝扦插育苗中的应用试验

在银杏嫩枝扦插育苗中进行了ABT生根粉应用试验。结果表明,除了用ABT8号20mg/kg浓度处理的扦插成活率低于对照外,其余各处理均明显高于对照,其中6号生根粉100mg/kg处理的扦插成活率高达91.3%,比对照提高52.5个百分点。ABT生根粉6号的20、50和100mg/kg的处理扦插成活率为61.3%～91.3%,平均为76.3%,高于7号和8号,且效果稳定,可在生产中试用。试验结果还表明,带顶芽的、粗壮的插条扦插成活率高。ABT生根粉处理可增加扦插苗生根数量,最长根长度与对照差异不大。     

野生软枣猕猴桃茎尖培养研究

研究了野生软枣猕猴桃的茎尖繁殖。结果表明:茎尖是野生软枣猕猴桃快繁的最佳外植体;适宜初代培养基为MS+BA1.0mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L,继代培养基为MS+BA2.0mg/L+IBA0.2mg/L,生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.2mg/L;当试管苗根系长1.5～2.5cm时,去掉培养瓶封口膜,室内炼苗3～5天,移栽的基质宜选用河沙,控制移栽后温度、湿度、光照等,试管苗的移栽成活率可达80%,40天以后可将小苗装钵或移栽露地,成活率可达100%。     

地膜覆盖山葡萄硬枝扦插生根技术研究

采用药剂蘸根、插穗留芽处理、节段选择、扦插深度选择等措施,研究在覆膜条件下,各措施对山葡萄插条萌芽和生根的影响。结果表明:地膜覆盖条件下,选取枝条中部2～4节,芽眼饱满,充实的2～3芽为1个插穗,用ABT生根粉500 mg/L在插穗基部2～3 cm处浸泡30 min,然后进行扦插,深度控制在9～11 cm,插条生根成活率达到89.0%。     

日香桂扦插育苗试验

通过对日香桂当年生半木质化枝条采用不同基质和激素浓度的扦插效果对比试验,结果表明:采用混合扦插基质(泥炭:珍珠岩:蛭石=3:2:5)要明显优于黄泥、河沙、珍珠岩,在插条的生根速度、新根数量等方面表现显著。采用不同浓度生根粉对日香桂扦插成活率具有明显效果,但生根粉浓度过高会大大降低扦插的成活率和对新根的生长具有明显的抑制作用。采用混合基质,通过100mg/LABT生根粉处理对日香桂的扦插效果最好。     

提高葡萄绿枝扦插成活率试验

进行了提高葡萄绿枝扦插成活率的试验。结果表明:ABT生根粉对不同品种葡萄生根有促进作用,赤霞珠50mg/kg生根粉处理的成活率为85.4%,红地球150mg/kg生根粉处理的成活率为74.4%,皇家秋天150mg/kg生根粉处理的成活率为0;葡萄嫩枝中下部成活率较高。     

Identification of S-haplotypes of European cultivars of sour cherry

The sour cherry is known to exhibit the phenomenon of gametophytic self-incompatibility which prevents self-fertilization. In sour cherry, besides self-incompatible cultivars, there often occur self-compatible cultivars. This is due to the occurrence of natural mutations of the S-RNase or SFB genes and, consequently, loss of functionality of S-alleles. Here we present the results of the identification of S-haplotypes of 21 cultivars of sour cherry from various regions of Europe. The analyses were performed using methods based on the amplification of intron I and intron II of the S-RNase gene and fragments specific to the individual alleles of the S-RNase or SFB genes. The tested cultivars were found to contain 15 S-haplotypes: S₁, S_1?, S₄, S₆, S_6m, S_6m2, S₉, S₁₂, S₁₃, S_13?, S₂₆, S₃₅, S_36a, S_36b, and S_36b2. The most frequently occurring S-haplotypes were S_13? (61.9%), S_36a (57.1%), and S₂₆ (47.6%). On the basis of the results, 17 of the 21 cultivars were deduced to be self-compatible. The results will be of use in the production of sour cherry fruit by facilitating the selection of suitable pollinating cultivars. The results are also expected to be useful in the breeding of new cultivars of sour cherry when selecting genotypes for crosses.     

化学药剂对香椿休眠解除的影响及其机理

 采用五元二次正交旋转组合设计, 探索6-BA、GA₃ 、(NH₂) ₂CS、ZnSO₄ 、KNO₃ 对香椿休眠解除的影响, 5 种化学药剂解除休眠的作用依次为ZnSO4 > (NH₂) ₂CS > GA₃ > 6-BA > KNO₃ 。打破香椿休眠的最佳药剂组合是: 6-BA 20 mg/L + GA₃ 180 mg/L + (NH₂) ₂CS 1 % + ZnSO4 0.5 % + KNO₃ 2 %。用上述药剂处理可以使香椿提早23 d 萌芽。     

Ozone forming potential of tropical plant species of the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state of India

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are emitted by many plants. In this study, sixty common plant species of the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, India were examined for VOC (isoprene and monoterpene) emissions. Plant species VOC emission rates ranged from undetectable to 75.2 μg g^?1 h^?1. Dalbergia sissoo exhibited a maximum VOC emission rate of 75.2 μg g^?1 h^?1. Ozone forming potentials (OFP) of the sixty plant species were also estimated using the method of Benjamin and Winer (1998). Maximum ozone forming potential of 77 g O₃ (tree)^?1 d^?1 was observed in the case of Mangifera indica. Out of 60 species, 26 species (43.3%) had low OFP (less than 1 g O₃ (tree)^?1 d^?1), 18 species (30%) had medium OFP (less than 1–10 g O₃ (tree)^?1 d^?1) and 16 species (26.7%) had high OFP (more than 10 g O₃ (tree)^?1 d^?1).     

京白梨等品种S 基因型鉴定及新基因S28 和S30 的核苷酸序列分析

 根据梨S基因高度保守区C1和C3区, 设计1对引物P1和P2, 对梨品种的基因组DNA进行S基因特异扩增、克隆、测序, 并在GenBank中BLAST比较, 确定S 基因特异性片段, 对京白梨等6个供试自交不亲和品种的S基因型比对结果为: 白梨中的‘库尔勒香梨’为S₂₁ S₂₈ , ‘苹果梨’为S₁₇S₁₉ ; 砂梨中的‘台湾蜜梨’为S₁₁ S₂₂ ; 西洋梨中的‘葫芦梨’为S_a S_b; 秋子梨中的‘京白’为S₁₆ S₃₀ , ‘早梨18’为S₄ S₂₈。其中S₂₈和S₃₀为首次登录的新S 基因, 在GenBank的登录号分别为AY562394 (库尔勒香梨) 和AY876945 (京白) 。     

金嘴蝎尾蕉切花苞片褐变的控制

 研究了金嘴蝎尾蕉切花最佳采收时期和对其苞片褐变具有良好控制效果的预处理保鲜液及瓶插方法。结果表明: 金嘴蝎尾蕉以中蕾期采收最佳; 整个花枝水平放置, 完全浸泡于500 mg·L ^{- 1} H₃BO₄或500 mg·L ^{- 1} MgSO₄中1 h后, 结合2 mg·L ^{- 1} 6-BA + 200 mg·L ^{- 1} Al₂ ( SO₄ ) 3瓶插保鲜及0.1%聚乙烯醇喷洒花枝, 可显著控制苞片褐变, 保持组织较低水平pH值, 减缓膜透性的上升。其瓶插寿命分别达12 d和11.5 d, 显著高于对照的4 d。     

The effect of organic supplementation of solarized soil on the quality of tomato fruit

Soil solarization, used to control weeds and soil-borne pathogens in hot climates, has not yet been widely adapted as a commercial practice because of its lack of efficacy. Experiments were carried out in southern Italy over two growing seasons to study the effect of three levels (0, 0.35 and 0.7 kg m⁻²) of organic supplementation of the soil prior to solarization on soil mineral availability and fruit quality attributes. Soil temperature and chemical properties were monitored, together with changes in the physical characteristics and chemical composition of tomato fruits grown under commercial greenhouse conditions. Organic supplementation increased the soil temperature achieved through solarization by 3.9 to 5.5 °C. Organic supplementation increased (P ≤ 0.05) the soil concentration of NO₃⁻-N, exchangeable K₂O, Ca²⁺, Na⁺ and Mg²⁺ and the level of electrical conductivity in the soil extract. Physical characteristics of tomato fruits were improved by supplementation, with fresh and dry weight enhanced up to 11 and 21%, respectively, mesocarp thickness up to 19%, firmness up to 36% and skin redness (a^*/b^* ratio) up to 24%. As the supplementation rate was raised from 0 to 0.7 kg m⁻², the fruit content of reducing sugars increased (P ≤ 0.01) from 1.75 to 2.14 g per 100 g f.w., ash from 0.49 to 0.62%, soluble solid from 5.12 to 6.18 °Brix, titratable acidity from 0.16 to 0.19%, and ascorbic acid from 25.1 to 32.5 mg 100 mL⁻¹. We concluded that organic supplementation appears to be a valuable and environmentally friendly way to improve the mineral availability in the soil and improve fruit quality of tomato.     

Comparison of anthocyanins in non-blotches and blotches of the petals of Xibei tree peony

A comparison in non-blotches and blotches of 35 cultivars of Xibei tree peony was investigated to explore flower coloration of Xibei tree peony (the second cultivar group in Chinese tree peony). With high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, six anthocyanins including peonidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside (Pn3G5G), peonidin 3-O-glucoside (Pn3G), cyanidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside (Cy3G5G), cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (Cy3G), pelargonidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside (Pg3G5G), and pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside (Pg3G) were detected in non-blotches and blotches of petals. Total anthocyanins (TA), total flavones and flavonols (TF), and the copigmentation index (CI) were also analyzed. Cyanidin-based glycosides, which accumulated abundantly at the basal petal, resulted in blotch formation. Some peculiar cultivars with only one kind of anthocyanins or without anthocyanins in non-blotches were found in this study. For example, ‘Feng Zi Xiu Se’, ‘Ou Duan Si Lian’, and ‘Xi Wang’ contained only Pn3G5G; ‘Bing Shan Cang Yu’ and ‘Jin Bo Dang Yang’ contained only Cy3G; while no anthocyanins were found in ‘Bing Shan Xue Lian’. Several cultivars were rich in Pg-based glycosides, such as ‘Ni Hong Huan Cai’, and ‘Ju Yuan Shao Nv’. These cultivars would be excellent parents for creating new cultivars with novel flower color in the future.     

Analyses of pollen-tube growth and biological action of S-RNase in the style of self-compatible Japanese pear

The Japanese pear ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ (S₂S₄^SM) (SM = stylar-part mutant) is a self-compatible bud mutant that originated from self-incompatible ‘Nijisseiki’ (S₂S₄). The S₄-allele of the pear is deleted and it shows unilateral incompatibility to cultivar with an S₂S₄ genotype. However, when pollen-tube growth was compared between cross-compatible [‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ × ‘Okusankichi’ (S₅S₇)], unilateral-compatible [‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ × ‘Kikusui’ (S₂S₄)], self-compatible (‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ × ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’), and unilateral-incompatible pollination (‘Kikusui’ × ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’), pollen-tube growth clearly showed the following order: cross-compatible > unilateral-compatible > self-compatible > unilateral-incompatible. This indicates that the ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ style produces specific inhibitor(s) not only to S₂- and S₄-pollen but also “self-pollen”, because the phenotype of S₄^SM-pollen is the same as S₄-pollen. Stylar protein analysis demonstrated that ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ produces S₂-RNase (RNase associated with S₂-allele) together with a small amount of S₄-RNase. The purified S₄-RNase possessed almost the same inhibitory action on the growth of S₄-pollen-tubes in vitro at 1 μg μl⁻¹ as that from original ‘Nijisseiki’. These results suggest that the depressed growth of unilateral-compatible and self-pollen-tubes in ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ is due to this biologically active S₄-RNase. Growth of self-pollen-tubes may also be depressed by inhibitor(s) specific to “self-pollen” unrelated to S-alleles.     

DNA profiling of Capsicum landraces of Manipur

Seven chilli landraces of Manipur belonging to three cultivated species of Capsicum (Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, and Capsicum chinense) form economically important food crops of the region. The genotypes were characterized using ten random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The cluster analysis based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient calculated by UPGMA method differentiated the genotypes into two main cluster groups. One cluster represented the C. annuum genotypes while the other cluster represented the C. frutescens and the C. chinense genotypes. C. chinense genotypes were more close to C. frutescens genotypes. Genetic variation between the C. frutescens genotypes was more than among the C. annuum genotypes and the C. chinense genotypes were the least similar ones.     

5种国兰( Cymbidium ) 的光合特性

 通过气体交换和叶绿素荧光分析等方法研究了5种国兰(Cymbidium ) 的光合特性。其光饱和点、光补偿点、CO₂ 补偿点和CO₂ 饱和点表明它们具有C3 植物特征; 光合速率在3.0 ～5.9 μmol·m^{- 2} ·s^{- 1}之间, 在低于2 000 μmol·mol^{- 1} CO₂ 浓度下, 光合速率受CO₂ 浓度影响较大; 5种国兰的光合能力、表观量子效率、羧化效率等都有所差异; 光饱和点在350～650μmol·m^{- 2} ·s^{- 1}之间, 属于喜阴植物,其中春兰、建兰耐阴性相对较低, 墨兰、春剑耐阴性相对较高, 蕙兰居中。从暗处暴露到强光下, 5种国兰的光化学反应启动差异较大, 启动后的光化学效率差异也较大, 这可能与国兰不同种起源地的生态环境,适应性及进化有关。