甲维盐对菜青虫生物活性及田间应用效果的影响

采用药浸法进行了2.2%甲维盐微乳剂对菜青虫室内毒杀的毒力测定,试验结果表明,2.2%甲维盐微乳剂对菜青虫4龄幼虫有较强的毒杀作用,LC50为0.026mg/L.用2.2%甲维盐微乳剂对菜青虫进行了田间试验,试验结果表明,2.2%甲维盐微乳剂对菜青虫具有良好防效,药后3 d浓度为200 mg·kg-1的甲维盐微乳剂防效达95.81%,药后9 d,防效下降为89.15%,表明持效期10 d左右.     

树干注药技术对松材线虫病的预防效果

为研究树干注药技术对松材线虫病的预防效果，选择1.8%阿维菌素微乳剂、0.3%苦豆碱水剂、2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、10%甲维·吡虫啉可溶液剂进行室内毒力检测和林间防效试验。结果表明，测定室内毒力，2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对松材线虫抑制效果最好，其次是10%甲维·吡虫啉可溶液剂。通过林间防效试验表明，在药后1年和2年，4种药剂松材线虫病的防效均在70%以上，2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐的防效最好，分别为89.33%和89.91%，其次是10%甲维·吡虫啉可溶液剂，防效分别为84.12%和86.14%。说明2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐和10%甲维·吡虫啉可溶液剂在树体内传导的注干药剂均有较好的防效及持效期，可在林间推广和应用。     

几种杀虫剂对十字花科蔬菜小菜蛾的药效试验

用5种杀虫剂对十字花科小菜蛾的田间药效进行试验。结果表明:2%阿维菌素微乳剂和5%高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂对小菜蛾有良好的防治效果,药后2d防效达到82.4%以上,药后7d超过90.8%。2.2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂、1.5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂和2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油药后2d防效在69.2%以上,药后7d达到87.8%。这些药剂均可作为防治小菜蛾的优良药剂。     

BT乳剂防治菜青虫和小菜蛾的药效试验

为明确生物农药BT乳剂对菜青虫和小菜蛾的防治效果、使用适期和使用浓度,2012-2013年开展了该药剂的药效试验。结果表明:BT乳剂对防治菜青虫和小菜蛾具有明显的效果,用BT乳剂500倍液防治菜青虫,药后3 d的防效可达90.0%以上;用BT乳剂500倍液防治小菜蛾,药后3 d的防效为81.6%,药后5 d的防效达到95.4%。在幼虫2~3龄期施用BT乳剂幼虫死亡速度快,超过3龄期用药则幼虫死亡速度减慢,故应选择在低龄幼虫阶段使用BT乳剂进行防治。     

5种杀虫剂对菜青虫的田间防治效果和室内毒力测定

为明确贵阳地区菜青虫种群对几种常用杀虫剂田间防治效果和敏感性,分别采用了浸叶法和常规喷雾法对常用杀虫剂进行室内毒力测定和田间药效试验。田间药效试验表明阿维菌素和苦参碱处理对菜青虫田间防效较高,施药后7 d防效分别为89.8%和74.8%;其次为高氯·甲维盐和氯虫苯甲酰胺,而溴氰菊酯的田间防效最差。笔者选择了田间防效最高(阿维菌素)、最低(溴氰菊酯)、居中(高氯·甲维盐)这3种杀虫剂对菜青虫进行毒力测定,结果表明菜青虫对阿维菌素最敏感,LC_(50)为1.25 mg·L~(-1),而对溴氰菊酯具有较高的抗性,LC_(50)为327.78 mg·L~(-1)。室内毒力测定结果与田间防效呈线性正相关。因此,该地区可选用阿维菌素和苦参碱等药剂来防治菜青虫,同时应注意不同药剂的轮换使用,以延缓菜青虫抗药性的发展。     

不同杀虫剂防治三叶草斑潜蝇田间药效试验

在莴苣上进行了5种不同杀虫剂对三叶草斑潜蝇的田间药效试验。试验结果表明,各药剂对三叶草斑潜蝇均有一定的防治效果,其中50%灭蝇胺可湿性粉剂2500倍液的防治效果最好,药后10d防效达到79.45%,显著好于其他处理且持效期长;其次是2%甲维盐微乳剂3500倍液、1.8%阿维菌素乳油2500倍液、5%抑太保乳油1500倍液,药后10d防效均在50%以上;3%啶虫脒可湿性粉剂3000倍液处理防效较低,低于其他4种药剂。各个药剂在供试浓度下对莴苣生长均无不良影响,表现安全。     

2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂防治甘蓝菜青虫田间药效试验

进行了2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂防治甘蓝菜青虫田间药效试验。试验结果表明,2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯水乳剂,667m2用25g施药后3d防效达97.9%,药后7d其防效仍达94.3%,与对照药剂2.5%功夫水乳剂相比效果明显,持效期长,适宜施药剂量为每667m220～25g。药后安全性调查表明,该药剂对作物安全,适合用于无公害蔬菜生产。     

木芙蓉桑粉蚧生物防治技术研究

对甲维盐、BT和苦参碱3种生物农药防治木芙蓉桑粉蚧的效果进行试验。结果表明:0.6%苦参碱乳油对木芙蓉桑粉蚧的防效非常好,能达到97%以上;BT乳剂的防效次之;5%甲维盐悬浮剂效果最差。     

0.3%老·甲维盐ME防治甘蓝害虫的效果

春夏季节十字花科蔬菜上害虫危害十分严重,主要有菜青虫、小菜蛾等,田间发生量很大,加之世代交替,给防治工作带来了很大的难度。为此,我们对自行研制开发的0.3%老·甲维盐微乳剂在去年试验有效的基础上,2006年对菜青虫、小菜蛾等害虫进行了田间小区药效试验研究,取得了较好的效果。现将试验结果总结如下。1材料与方法1.1供试药剂0.3%老·甲维盐微乳剂,《植物源农药的研究与开发》项目组研制开发;4.5%高效氯氰菊酯微乳剂     

9 种药剂对温室彩椒西花蓟马的田间防效评价

针对西花蓟马对京郊保护地彩椒危害严重的现况,选取市售的0.6% 苦参碱水剂、0.5% 印楝素乳油、1% 虫菊·苦参碱微囊悬乳剂、1.5% 除虫菊素水乳剂、7.5% 鱼藤酮乳油等5 种植物源药剂和1% 甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂、1.8% 阿维菌素乳油、2% 高氯·甲维盐微乳剂、6% 乙基多杀菌素悬乳剂等4 种非植物源药剂,进行田间药效筛选。结果表明：在试验观察期,施药后1、3、7 d,5 种植物源药剂校正防效由34.8%～50.0% 上升至59.2%～68.6%,防效随着处理时间的延长表现出增强的趋势,药效呈现较好的持效性;4 种非植物源药剂在药后3 d 的校正防效均达64% 以上,对西花蓟马表现出较好的速效防治效果,但防效随时间
延长表现出减弱的趋势,施药后第7 天,除1.8% 阿维菌素乳油之外,非植物源药剂的防效均显著低于植物源药剂防效。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.