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高温胁迫对水稻剑叶氮代谢的影响 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
对水稻耐热品系996和热敏感品系4628抽穗期进行高温处理(08:00-17:00为37℃,17:00至次日08:00为30℃),研究高温胁迫对水稻剑叶氮代谢的影响。结果表明,高温胁迫下,水稻剑叶总氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性呈下降趋势,996下降幅度小于4628;可溶性蛋白质含量先升后降,996始终高于4628;热稳定蛋白含量、游离脯氨酸含量、游离氨基酸含量和游离脯氨酸/游离氨基酸比值均呈上升趋势,在整个处理期间,耐热品系996各指标的上升幅度均高于热敏感品系4628。 相似文献
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利用Agilent 4×44K芯片全基因组研究低氮胁迫下,2个不同叶绿素含量水稻齐穗期剑叶的转录因子相关基因表达的变化。结果表明,低氮处理与对照相比,超绿水稻沈农196(SN196)剑叶共有53个转录因子相关基因表达发生变化(35个在转录水平下调表达,18个在转录水平上调表达)。丰锦剑叶有27个转录因子相关基因表达发生变化(21个在转录水平下调表达,6个在转录水平上调表达)。低氮胁迫响应转录因子相关基因表现出品种(系)特异性,超绿水稻SN196有48个特异响应,丰锦有22个特异响应。两个水稻品种(系)低氮胁迫响应的转录因子相关基因有5个重叠,其中1个在转录水平上调表达,4个下调表达。低氮胁迫下,水稻剑叶转录因子相关基因的表达发生变化,不同叶绿素含量水稻品种(系)既表现特异性,也存在部分重叠。两个水稻的低氮胁迫响应转录因子基因在染色体上的分布存在差异。 相似文献
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利用粳稻Lemont导入籼稻特青背景构建的高代回交导入系和重组自交系群体,在北京和海南两地检测影响株高和剑叶宽的稳定表达的主效QTL,分析这些主效QTL在导入系和重组自交系群体的不同选择强度(5%、10%和20%)的极端群体中的等位基因偏离,研究不同性状的主效QTL对不同选择强度的响应及不同遗传结构群体对主效QTL人工选择响应的影响。结果表明,导入系的选择群体中所有主效QTL等位基因的偏离方向都使得供体等位基因频率增加,等位基因产生偏离的性状选择方向及供体等位基因的偏离方向与基因的加性效应方向完全一致,而重组自交系的选择群体中主效QTL等位基因的偏离既有供体等位基因增加的,也有等位基因降低的,两种群体中不同性状的主效QTL等位基因偏离与选择强度密切相关。通过比较不同群体结构的主效QTL定位及对选择响应的异同,发现一些假阳性QTL和在随机作图群体中漏检的QTL,强调作图群体QTL定位结果验证的重要性。鉴于不同群体、不同性状和不同主效QTL的选择响应特点,对不同主效QTL在基于常规表型选择和分子标记辅助选择回交育种中的利用价值及注意事项进行了探讨。 相似文献
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The microscopic and ultrastructural characteristics of mesophyll cells in flag leaves of two rice lines (a thermo-sensitive line 4628 and a thermo-resistant line 996) under high temperature stress (37°C during 8:00-17:00 and 30°C during 17:00-8:00) were investigated using an optical and a transmission electron microscopy. The membrane permeability and malondialdehyde content increased under the high temperature stress, and the increase of both variables was greater in the line 4628 than in the line 996. Und... 相似文献
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水稻剑叶角度的QTL分析 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
以剑叶角度差异显著的籼稻窄叶青8号和粳稻京系17以及由它们构建的加倍单倍体群体为材料,在抽穗期测量其剑叶角度,并利用该群体构建的分子图谱进行数量性状座位分析。分别在第1、2、3和12染色体上检测到4个QTL(qFLA-1、qFLA-2、qFLA-3和qFLA-12),贡献率分别为10.6%、11.8%、9.8%和8.1%,其中qFLA-1、qFLA-2的加性效应来自京系17,qFLA-3和qFLA-12的加性效应来自窄叶青8号。多个增效等位基因的聚合明显提高剑叶角度。讨论了这些控制剑叶张开性状的QTL在常规稻和杂交稻育种上的应用前景。 相似文献
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A leaf inclination angle distribution model, which is applicable to simulate leaf inclination angle distribution in six heights of layered canopy at different growth stages, was established by component factors affecting plant type in rice. The accuracy of the simulation results was validated by measured values from a field experiment. The coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean square error (RMSE) between the simulated and measured values were 0.9472 and 3.93%, respectively. The simulation results showed that the distribution of leaf inclination angles differed among the three plant types. The leaf inclination angles were larger in the compact variety Liangyoupeijiu with erect leaves than in the loose variety Shanyou 63 with droopy leaves and the intermediate variety Liangyou Y06. The leaf inclination angles were distributed in the lower range in Shanyou 63, which matched up with field measurements. The distribution of leaf inclination angles in the same variety changed throughout the seven growth stages. The leaf inclination angles enlarged gradually from transplanting to booting. During the post-booting period, the leaf inclination angle increased in Shanyou 63 and Liangyou Y06, but changed little in Liangyoupeijiu. At every growth stage of each variety, canopy leaf inclination angle distribution on the six heights of canopy layers was variable. As canopy height increased, the layered leaf area index (LAI) decreased in all the three plant types. However, while the leaf inclination angles showed little change in Liangyoupeijiu, they became larger in Shanyou 63 but smaller in Liangyou Y06. The simulation results used in the constructed model were very similar to the actual measurement values. The model provides a method for estimating canopy leaf inclination angle distribution in rice production. 相似文献
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测墒补灌对冬小麦耗水特性、旗叶水势、籽粒产量和水分利用率的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了解土壤相对含水量对小麦耗水特性和籽粒产量的影响,以小麦品种济麦22为材料,在田间试验条件下,设置5个土壤水分处理(W0~W4),其中各处理在0~140cm土层越冬、拔节和开花期土壤相对含水量分别为:80%、60%和52%(W0),80%、70%和65%(W1),85%、70%和65%(W2),80%、70%和70%(W3),85%、70%和70%(W4),比较分析了不同土壤水分条件下小麦耗水特性、旗叶水势和相对含水量及籽粒产量的差异。结果表明,W2处理的降水量占总耗水量的比例显著高于W3和W4处理,与W1处理无显著差异;灌水量及其占总耗水量的比例低于W4处理,与W3处理无显著差异;土壤耗水量占总耗水量的比例显著高于W4处理,低于其他处理。灌浆前期W2处理旗叶水势低于W3和W4处理,与W1处理无显著差异,旗叶相对含水量与其他处理无显著差异;灌浆后期W2处理旗叶水势和相对含水量均显著高于W1和W3处理,与W4处理无显著差异。W2和W4处理的籽粒产量无显著差异,均高于其他处理;W2处理的水分利用效率和灌溉效益高于W4处理。综合来看,本试验条件下,W2处理为冬小麦兼顾高产和节水的最佳测墒补灌模式。 相似文献
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水稻剑叶全氮含量及其变化的遗传分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以籼稻品种IR24 和粳稻品种Asominori 及其染色体片段置换系(CSSLs)群体为遗传研究材料, 在抽穗后5个不同时期分别测定剑叶全氮含量,并结合水稻RFLP分子标记连锁图谱,对水稻剑叶全氮含量性状进行QTL的动态定位,探讨了控制剑叶全氮含量基因在水稻发育过程中的时序表达方式。在抽穗后各时期共检测到7个QTL, 位于第2和第11染色体上的2个QTL(QN 2、QN 11)增效基因来自粳稻品种Asominori,其他QTL的增效基因来自籼稻IR24;抽穗后2周内检测到2个QTL,即QN 3和QN 8b, 其加性效应值较大, 解释表型变异的贡献率较高;后期检测到的QTL加性效应和贡献率较低,位于第2染色体上R3393的QN 2位点的基因在抽穗后第3周内表达, 位于第8染色体上G1149的QN 8位点的基因在抽穗后第4周内表达,位于第11染色体上G1465的QN 11位点的基因在抽穗后4周和5周持续表达。控制剑叶全氮含量的基因在抽穗后早期表达较为活跃,可以应用于改良水稻品种的剑叶光合功能;在测定末期检测到的控制剑叶全氮含量的QTL,则可以用于延缓叶片早衰的育种改良。 相似文献
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FAN Gui-zhi DONG Yan-jun WANG Chun-ming WAN Jian-min XIE Hui XU Chang-liang ZHU Jian-guo CAI Qing-sheng 《水稻科学》2007,14(1):7-12
To understand the responses of flag leaf shape in rice to elevated CO2 environment and their genetic characteristics,quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for flag leaf shape in rice were mapped onto the molecular marker linkage map of chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSLs)derived from a cross between a japonica variety Asominori and an indica variety IR24 under free air carbon dioxide enrichment(FACE,200μmol/mol above current levels)and current CO2 concentration(Ambient,about 370μmol/mol).Three flag-leaf traits,flag-leaf length(LL),width(LW)and the ratio of LL to LW (RLW),were estimated for each CSSL and their parental varieties.The differences in LL,LW and RLW between parents and in LL and LW within IR24 between FACE and Ambient were significant at 1%level.The continuous distributions and transgressive segregations of LL,LW and RLW were also observed in CSSL population,showing that the three traits were quantitatively inherited under both FACE and Ambient.A total of 16 QTLs for the three traits were detected on chromosomes 1,2,3,4,6,8 and 11 with LOD(Log10-likelihood ratio)scores ranging from 3.0 to 6.7.Among them,four QTLs (qLL-6*,qLL-8*,qLW-4*,and qRLW-6*)were commonly detected under both FACE and Ambient.Therefore,based on the different responses to elevated CO2 in comparison with current CO2 level,it can be suggested that the expressions of several QTLs associated with flag-leaf shape in rice could be induced by the high CO2 level. 相似文献
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优质籼稻剑叶SPAD值与稻米品质相关性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的为揭示优质籼稻关键生育时期剑叶SPAD值与稻米品质性状间的关系,为今后的优质籼稻育种和生产提供理论依据。方法以优质籼稻美香占2号、黄华占和五山丝苗等12个品种(系)为研究材料,测定各品种(系)的稻米品质性状、蒸煮食味品质、淀粉RVA谱和始穗期、齐穗期、乳熟期、蜡熟期、黄熟期的剑叶SPAD值,并对5个时期剑叶SPAD值与品质性状进行相关性分析。结果籼稻蜡熟期和黄熟期剑叶SPAD值与稻米食味值均呈极显著正相关,与稻米蛋白质含量均呈极显著负相关,与稻米淀粉峰值黏度和崩解值呈显著或极显著正相关。结论籼稻黄熟期剑叶SPAD值与稻米食味值和蛋白质含量的相关性比蜡熟期高。黄熟期剑叶SPAD值越高,稻米蛋白质含量越低,食味品质越好。通过黄熟期剑叶SPAD值可以预测籼稻食味值和蛋白质含量。黄熟期剑叶SPAD值(x)与稻米食味值(y)的直线拟合方程为y=0.0901x+65.76,决定系数R2=0.687;与蛋白质含量(y)的直线拟合方程为y=-0.098x+9.217,决定系数R2=0.602。 相似文献
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Relationship Between Canopy Temperature at Flowering Stage and Soil Water Content, Yield Components in Rice 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
ZHANG Wen-zhong HAN Ya-dong DU Hong-juan 《水稻科学》2007,14(1):67-70
The canopy temperature of rice at the flowering stage and the soil water content were investigated under different soil water treatments(the soil water contents were 24%,55%,90%and 175%at the flowering stage).The canopy temperature was lower than air temperature,and the soil water content significantly influenced the canopy temperature.The lower the soil water content,the higher the canopy temperature,the less the accumulative absolute value of canopy-air temperature difference.Moreover,the maximum difference between treatments and CK in the accumulative absolute value of canopy-air temperature difference appeared at 13:00 p.m.in a day,thus,it could be considered as a suitable measuring time.Under the lowest water content treatment,the peak flowering occurred in the first three days(about 70%of panicles flowered),resulting in shortened and lightened panicle of rice.As to the CK and the high water content treatments,the peak flowering appeared in the middle of flowering duration,with longer panicle length and higher panicle weight.Results indicated the lower the soil water content,the less the filled grain number and grain yield. 相似文献
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水稻开花期冠层温度与土壤水分及产量结构的关系 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在开花期对水稻进行不同梯度水分胁迫处理,研究了水稻开花期冠层温度与土壤水分状况及产量结构之间的关系。 水稻开花期冠层温度一般低于气温,但土壤含水量对冠层温度有显著影响,土壤含水量越低,水稻冠层温度越高,冠气温差绝对值越小,并且在13:00时冠气温差与对照差别最大,认为13:00可以作为测定冠气温差的最适时间。通过对开花时间进行观察,发现土壤含水量最低的处理,植株开花高峰提前,开花时间集中在花期的最初3 d,其平均穗长较小,穗重较轻;而土壤含水量较高的处理与对照一致,开花时间主要集中在花期中间时段,平均穗长较大,穗重较重。土壤含水量越低,每穗饱粒数越少。 相似文献
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苗期水分胁迫对大豆器官平衡和产量的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
在盆栽条件下,研究了苗期水分胁迫对大豆器官平衡和产量的影响.结果表明:在苗期不同强度水分胁迫下,不同时期大豆各器官的物质分配比例不同.中度水分胁迫下收获期的器官平衡为:籽粒根荚皮叶片茎秆叶柄,两个品系辽51064和辽51095的叶片分别占16.31%、15.28%,籽粒分别占25.83%、28.92%,叶柄分别占6.27%、4.85%,说明大豆苗期适度水分胁迫可以改变大豆的"源.库"关系.中度水分胁迫下,辽51095生物产量和经济产量的相关系数最大(0.9956).就产量而言,正常供水与中度水分胁迫的差异并不显著,与重度水分胁迫则差异显著. 相似文献
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玉米光合生理对苗期土壤水分亏缺的响应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在盆栽条件下研究了不同程度土壤水分亏缺下玉米苗期光合生理变化特征。结果表明:在土壤水分亏缺下,玉米叶片光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾强度(Tr)均有不同程度下降,叶片水分利用效率(WUEL)有不同程度升高。轻度水分亏缺植株叶片表观光量子效率(AQY)比对照下降了6.9%,羧化效率(CE)比对照下降了26.3%,CO2补偿点(Γ)比对照升高了55.8%;重度水分亏缺处理表观光量子效率比对照下降了27.6%,玉米叶片羧化效率(CE)比对照下降了46.4%,CO2补偿点比对照升高了193.8%。土壤水分亏缺导致玉米叶片PSⅡ反应中心光化学效率(Fv/Fm)和潜在光化学效率(Fv/Fo)降低,光化学淬灭系数(qP)降低,非光化学系淬灭系数(qN)升高。轻度水分亏缺下,气孔限制是光合速率下降的主要原因;重度水分亏缺下,非气孔限制是光合速率下降的主要原因。 相似文献
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为了探讨超表达Os PIN1a对水稻旗叶水通道蛋白基因家族表达影响,以转基因株系3和7-5及野生型水稻盛花期旗叶为材料,通过半定量PCR检测各基因表达水平,结果发现:(1)转基因和野生型都呈现Os TIPs家族表达量最大,Os PIPs家族次之,再次是Os NIPs和Os SIPs家族。(2)转基因和野生型都呈现Os PIP1-1、Os PIP2-7和Os PIP2-6的表达最高,Os PIP2-4,Os PIP2-2表达较低,而Os PIP1-2、Os PIP1-3、Os PIP2-1、Os PIP2-3和Os PIP2-8在旗叶内均不表达;转基因的Os PIP1-1,Os PIP2-4、Os PIP2-6和Os PIP2-7表达明显高于野生型。(3)转基因和野生型都呈现Os TIP1-1、Os TIP1-2、Os TIP2-2、Os TIP3-1、Os TIP4-2与Os TIP4-3表达较高,而Os TIP3-2、Os TIP5-1的表达相对较低;转基因株系3的Os TIP3-2和Os TIP5-1表达均高于野生型,但Os TIP3-1、Os TIP4-1和Os TIP4-3明显低于野生型;转基因7-5株系中,除Os TIP4-3基因表达低于野生型外,其余基因的表达量均高于野生型。(4)Os NIP1-1、Os NIP2-1与Os NIP2-2在转基因和野生型均能表达,但Os NIP1-2、Os NIP1-4、Os NIP3-2、Os NIP3-3和Os NIP4-1均不表达,但野生型的Os NIP2-1与Os NIP2-2表达量均高于转基因。(5)转基因和野生型的Os SIP1-1均不表达,但野生型Os SIP1-2与Os SIP2-1表达量均高于转基因。试验结果表明,盛花期当天旗叶中Os TIPs基因家族表达量最大,超表达Os PIN1a影响了多个水通道蛋白基因表达。 相似文献