桂竹香花器离体培养的研究

以桂竹香花柄，花瓣，花丝为外植体，研究不同激素对诱导愈伤组织和不定芽的影响，研究结果表明，4种外植体均能形成愈伤组织，但愈伤组织的发生率，发生部位及形态等表现差异，花柄愈伤组织继代MS＋2，4－D＋BA培养基，可分化产生不定芽，出芽率78％－82％，再生小苗在1／2MS＋NAA 0．5mg/L培养基中生根形成再生植株。     

Nursery Growth of Banana (Musa spp.) Plantlets Rooted on Auxin-free and Auxin-supplemented Media

Abstract

This paper describes the effects of auxin added to the culture medium on main and branch root formation of banana (Musa spp.) shoots and growth characters of the plantlet rooted on the medium with and without auxin. Banana shoots cultured in vitro on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 2 μM 1-naphthylacetic acid (NAA), rooted earlier and also had more adventitious roots than those cultured on the medium without NAA. However, the adventitious roots formed on the medium without NAA showed more lateral branching. Plant height and number of leaves per plantlet in in vitro culture were not influenced by the addition of NAA but under nursery conditions, plantlets rooted without NAA showed better growth in terms of days to the appearance of new leaf, plant height and number of leaves per plant. This might be due to the presence of abundant lateral roots. Even though auxins are generally known to promote rooting, NAA inhibited the formation of lateral roots in Banana plants.     

BA与NAA对药用黄花石蒜鳞片组织培养的影响

以野生药用植物黄花石蒜(Lycoris aurea Herb.)为材料,选用其鳞茎的内层鳞片、中层鳞片2个不同部位的外植体,研究MS培养基中9种不同BA与NAA的浓度配伍对黄花石蒜鳞片的组织培养效果。结果表明:MS+10mg/L BA+5mg/L NAA+0.7%琼脂+3%蔗糖,有利于内层鳞片和中层鳞片外植体不定芽、不定根的发生,产生褐变量也较少,其培养效果显著较好。在培养基中BA、NAA的浓度分别高于或分别低于10、5mg/L,其培养效果均显著较差。相关分析表明,2种外植体相同BA与NAA浓度配伍的培养效果为极显著正相关,这进一步说明,对一种外植体培养效果较好的BA与NAA的浓度配伍对另一种外植体的培养效果仍然较好。多重比较与相关分析均说明,在培养基中BA、NAA的浓度分别为10、5mg/L对内层鳞片外植体和中层鳞片外植体的培养效果均较好。     

澳洲坚果不同外植体愈伤组织诱导与不定芽增殖研究

以澳洲坚果品种'H2'的幼嫩茎段和种子为材料,获取腋芽、子叶和上胚轴等外植体,开展愈伤组织诱导及不定芽增殖研究,再通过石蜡切片法对不同愈伤组织的细胞结构进行观察,分析比较不同外植体诱导的愈伤组织性质与不定芽分化效果.结果表明:适合腋芽愈伤诱导和分化的培养基为MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L KT,腋芽...     

紫色甘薯的茎尖培养与脱毒

以紫色甘薯品系为试材,研究6-BA和NAA及基因型对紫色甘薯茎尖培养的影响,并采用硝酸纤维素膜—酶联免疫法(NCM-ELISA)和症状法对再生植株进行病毒学检测。结果表明,培养基中6-BA和NAA浓度和配比对紫色甘薯茎尖培养的愈伤组织、不定根和不定芽的诱导有明显影响。6-BA可促进不定芽的诱导,附加1mg/L6-BA的MS培养基为最佳诱芽培养基。基因型对诱芽率也有一定的影响,其中品系B3和B7的诱芽率可达50%。通过病毒学检测,获得12个紫色甘薯品系的脱毒苗,其平均脱毒率为94.7%。     

Improvement of Direct Somatic Embryogenesis in Rice by Selecting the Optimal Developmental Stage of Explant and Applying Desiccation Treatment

Summary

By selecting the optimal developmental stage of zygotic embryos used as expiants and applying desiccation treatment, we improved direct somatic embryogenesis in rice scutellum from two cultivars, Nipponbare and Sasanishiki. Zygotic embryos isolated 14-17, 21, 28-30 and 35-40 d after anthesis (DAA) from Nipponbare and 14-17, 18-21, 28-30 and 40-42 DAA from Sasanishiki were cultured on the embryo induction medium (EIM). Then they were transferred to embryo maturation medium (EMM) and germinated on the embryo germination medium (EGM). Only immature zygotic embryo isolated 14-17 DAA from Nipponbare and Sasanishiki could develop somatic embryos that germinated. Explants from embryos at other developmental stages could develop somatic embryos only until the elongating or scutellar stage. They enlarged and formed callus without further development. The EIM and EMM consisted of N6 macronutrients, B5 micronutrients, and B5 vitamins, supplemented with 0.1 g L^-1 casein hydrolysate, 1.5 g L^-1 proline and 1 g L^-1 MES buffer. EGM consisted of MS macro- and micronutrients and MS vitamins without organic supplement. In addition, 2 mg L^-1 2,4-D was added to EIM, 1 mg L^-1 2,4-D to EMM and 0.01 mg L^-1 zeatin to EGM. Developmental processes of somatic embryos derived from the expiants were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Desiccation treatment of maturing somatic embryo was proved to produce fully mature somatic embryos capable of germinating vigorously.     

花生不同外植体芽诱导制约因素研究

以花生品种远杂9102成熟种胚发芽12d、4d的幼叶为外植体,对花生幼叶不定芽诱导制约因素进行了研究,结果表明,采用较高浓度的6-BA（8mg/L）、较低浓度的NAA（1mg/L）,不定芽诱导率可达70%以上。最佳诱导培养基为MS＋6-BA8mg/L＋NAA0.5mg/L＋AgNO32mg/L 最佳继代培养基为MS＋6-BA5mg/L＋NAA2mg/L＋AgNO32mg/L。同时试验发现种子预培养4d的幼叶不定芽诱导率较预培养12d的高 花生幼叶近叶柄基部切口处不定芽诱导率较高,是较理想的不定芽诱导部位。以远杂9102预培养2d的子叶作外植体,对愈伤组织诱导及分化进行试验,确定MS＋6-BA4.5mg/L＋2,4-D2.2mg/L为诱导愈伤的最佳培养基,愈伤组织诱导率达79.8%,最佳分化培养基为MS＋KT（0.15mg/L）。     

Chitosan enhances withanolides production in adventitious root cultures of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

Calli were obtained from leaf, cotyledon and internode explants of in vitro-grown plants of Indian cultivar of Withania somnifera in MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D (2.0 mg l⁻¹) and Kinetin (0.2 mg l⁻¹). The brown, semi-friable callus (500 mg FW) derived from leaf explants produced higher number of primary adventitious roots (9 roots/callus) in half strength MS medium fortified with IBA (0.5 mg l⁻¹) and NAA (0.1 mg l⁻¹). The primary adventitious roots with an inoculum mass of 15 g FW were cultured for 6 weeks in the same medium for secondary adventitious root proliferation. Elicitation of abiotic elicitor, aluminium chloride at 10 mg l⁻¹ at the end of 4 weeks culture with 4 h exposure time enhanced withanolides productivity. Under similar culture conditions, the biotic elicitor, chitosan at 100 mg l⁻¹ stimulated higher production of all withanolides when compared to aluminium chloride treatment. This is the first report on the use of callus-derived adventitious root culture for the enhanced production of withanolides upon chitosan elicitation.     

彩椒的离体快繁研究

以红盾彩椒为试材,进行组培快繁,研究不同激素类型与配比组合对愈伤组织诱导、不定芽分化及芽的伸长的影响,并初步建立彩椒的组培快繁体系。 结果表明：子叶愈伤诱导最适培养基为：MS＋0.3 mg/L 6-BA＋1.0 mg/L NAA;不定芽诱导最适培养基为：MS＋3.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.5 mg/L IAA＋4.0 mg/L AgNO3;芽伸长最适培养基为：MS＋2.0 mg/L 6-BA＋0.2 mg/L IAA＋2.0 mg/L ZT＋2.0 mg/L GA3;最后在1/2MS＋0.5 mg/L IBA(或 0.5 mg/L NAA)培养基上进行生根培养。     

4个品种长寿花试管苗的增殖与生根培养

以4个不同花色长寿花品种的无菌芽苗为材料,比较其试管苗增殖和生根的品种差异。结果表明:在芽苗增殖率、玻璃化程度以及生根率方面,品种之间存在着不同程度的差异。丛生芽诱导的最佳培养基分别是:白花品种,MS NAA0.25mg/L BA1.5mg/L;黄花和红带黄品种,MS NAA0.25mg/L BA0.5mg/L;红花品种,MS NAA0.25mg/L BA1.0mg/L。黄花品种和白花品种的玻璃化程度明显高于红花品种和红带黄花品种。在1/2MS IBA0.1mg/L培养基中获得了较高的生根率,但不同品种间其生根率和生根数有所不同。     

三明野生黄精无菌体系的建立

通过优化消毒和不定芽诱导条件等,建立了三明野生黄精根状茎的组培体系。结果表明：将野生黄精外植体依次在清水下用软毛刷刷洗去野生黄精根状茎表面的泥土,在加洗衣粉的自来水中冲洗16 h,在3%多菌灵浸泡2 d（期间时常振荡摇晃）,用清水洗去表面残留的多菌灵后置于滤纸上晾放5 h,再用75%酒精处理30 s,加0.2%氯化汞浸泡15 min消毒处理之后,野生黄精外植体的污染率低至20.2%。春季3—4月的野生黄精外植体的不定芽萌发能力和长势均明显优于11—12月。三明野生黄精的最佳不定芽诱导培养基为：MS+6-BA 4.0 mg/L +NAA 0.2 mg/L,在其上培养时诱导出芽率高达88.0%。     

Regeneration in Jatropha curcas: Factors affecting the efficiency of in vitro regeneration

Factors influencing in vitro regeneration through direct shoot bud induction from hypocotyl explants of Jatropha curcas were studied in the present investigation. Regeneration in J. curcas was found to be genotype dependent and out of four toxic and one non-toxic genotype studied, non-toxic was least responsive. The best results irrespective of genotype were obtained on the medium containing 0.5 mg L⁻¹ TDZ (Thidiazuron) and in vitro hypocotyl explants were observed to have higher regeneration efficiency as compared to ex vitro explant in both toxic and non-toxic genotypes. Adventitious shoot buds could be induced from the distal end of explants in all the genotypes. The number of shoot buds formed and not the number of explants responding to TDZ treatment were significantly affected by the position of the explant on the seedling axis. Explants from younger seedlings (≤15 days) were still juvenile and formed callus easily, whereas the regeneration response declined with increase in age of seedlings after 30 days. Transient reduction of Ca²⁺ concentrations to 0.22 g L⁻¹ in the germination medium increased the number of responding explants.Induced shoot buds, upon transfer to MS medium containing 2 mg L⁻¹ Kn (Kinetin) and 1 mg L⁻¹ BAP (6-benzylamino purine) elongated. These elongated shoots were further proliferated on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L⁻¹ IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and 0.5 mg L⁻¹ BAP and 3.01-3.91 cm elongation was achieved after 6 weeks. No genotype specific variance in shoot elongation was observed among the toxic genotypes except the CSMCRI-JC2, which showed reduced response. And for proliferation among the toxic genotypes, CSMCRI-JC4 showed highest number of shoots formed. Among the rest, no significant differences were observed. The elongated shoot could be rooted by pulse treatment on half-strength MS medium supplemented with 2% sucrose, 3 mg L⁻¹ IBA (indole-3-butyric acid), 1 mg L⁻¹ IAA, 1 mg L⁻¹ NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid) and subsequent transfer on 0.25 mg L⁻¹ activated charcoal medium. The rooted plants could be established in soil with more than 90% success. No significant differences were observed in rooting of shoots in the different toxic genotypes. However, rooting response was reduced in non-toxic genotype as compared to toxic genotypes.     

滁州白头翁组织培养及再生体系的建立

为建立白头翁再生体系,以白头翁主根的切段和试管苗叶片为外植体,比较2种外植体离体培养差异,探讨不同植物生长调节剂对不定芽和愈伤组织诱导、愈伤增殖和再分化及芽苗生根的影响。结果表明:叶片可以通过愈伤组织再分化和直接产生不定芽2种途径建立再生体系,而根只诱导出了愈伤组织,增殖培养中逐渐褐化死亡;在含6-BA培养基上,叶块死亡,而根只诱导出少量愈伤组织;叶片诱导不定芽的培养基为MS+TDZ 0.3 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L;愈伤组织增殖的培养基为MS+TDZ 0.2 mg/L+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L;再分化时,需要转接到TDZ和NAA组合的培养基上,其中处理组合TDZ 0.3 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L的再分化率达100%;生根培养基为1/2MS+NAA 0.2 mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L+蔗糖20 g/L。不同外植体离体培养存在差异,叶片较根易培养;TDZ对白头翁叶片培养效果较好,2,4-D对愈伤组织的诱导能力较强,而NAA适合于不定芽分化,NAA与IBA组合使用生根效果较好。     

刺葡萄愈伤组织的分化、芽的增殖及生根培养

以刺葡萄愈伤组织为材料,在B5培养基上附加不同的激素种类及浓度配比,研究了刺葡萄芽的诱导、增殖和生根培养.结果表明,刺葡萄愈伤组织再生苗的分化率很低,仅在B5 0.5 mg/L ZT 0.1 mg/L NAA上有少量分化,分化率为13.3%;增殖培养以B5 BA1.0 mg/L NAA0.05 mg/L为佳,4周可增殖6.4倍;生根培养以B5 0.5 mg/L IBA 0.02mg/L NAA为好,4周平均生根3.4条,根粗达2.4 mm.     

大豆花药培养几个问题的研究

本文研究了大豆花药培养中的培养基、基因型、激素配比、糖分种类及浓度、取材时期、预处理温度、接种方式、有机添加物等因素对愈伤组织诱导频率的影响。认为大豆花药在培养基上的脱分化启动具有群体效应，合适的取材时期是单核中晚期。高浓度蔗糖能抑制体细胞愈伤组织的产生，而愈伤组织的分化则需要较低的蔗糖浓度。愈伤组织在Ｂ＿５＋０．５ｍｇ／１ＮＡＡ＋１．０ｍｇ／１ＫＴ＋１％蔗糖和改良ＭＳ＋０．１ｍｇ／１ＩＢＡ＋０．１ｍｇ／１ＧＡ＿３＋０．４ｍｇ／１ＮＡＡ＋０．５ｍｇ／１ＢＡ＋０．５ｍｇ／１ＫＴ＋０．５ｍｇ／１ＺＴ＋０．５ｍｇ／ｌ生物素＋２％蔗糖等培养基上分化出了芽，在改良ＭＳ＋０．５ｍｐ／１ＩＢＡ＋０．５ｍｇ／１ＢＡ＋０．５ｍｇ／１ＫＴ＋０．５ｍｇ／１ＺＴ＋５％蔗糖＋１％麦芽糖等培养基上产生了胚状体。     

茅膏菜试管苗不同增殖方式研究

为解决茅膏菜离体快繁中试管苗增殖的困难,本试验以茅膏菜试管苗为材料,通过3种不同增殖方式,研究不同激素组合、浓度的培养基对其增殖的影响。结果表明,①丛生芽增殖方式的最佳培养基为：1/2MS＋0.1 mg·L^-1 6-BA＋0.1 mg·L^-1 NAA,时间为55 d;②叶片愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为：1/2MS＋1.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA＋0.1 mg·L^-1NAA,时间为15-20 d,愈伤组织分化的最佳培养基为1/2MS,时间为15-20 d;③茅膏菜叶片直接诱导不定芽增殖方式的最佳培养基为1/2MS,时间为30 d。     

Mass propagation of Rauwolfia serpentina L. Benth

A protocol for mass propagation through axillary bud proliferation was established for Rauwolfia serpentina L. Benth. (Apocynaceae). MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L(-1) BA and 0.2 mg L(-1) NAA elicited the maximum number of shoots (4 multiple shoots) from nodal explants. These adventitious shoots were best rooted on half strength MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L(-1) each of IBA and IAA. The in vitro raised plants were acclimatized in glass house and successfully transplanted to field condition with almost 95% survival.     

鸦胆子组织培养技术研究

选用鸦胆子健壮幼嫩茎尖作为组培试验材料，进行组培快繁的研究。结果表明：诱导愈伤组织形成的培养基组合为MS+6-BA 2 mg/L+NAA0.2 mg/L，有利于愈伤组织生长；不定芽分化的培养基为MS+6-BA 0.5 mg/L+ NAA 0.05 mg/L，有利于不定芽的分化；1/2MS+NAA 1 mg/L有利于组培苗不定根的形成     

假叶树组织培养植物激素应用筛选试验

采用假叶树的幼嫩茎段为外植体组织培养,对加入适合的植物激素作筛选试验,结果表明：MS＋ZT 2.0 mg·L^-1＋IBA 0.5 mg·L^-1培养基愈伤组织的诱导率最高;MS＋ZT 1.5 mg·L^-1＋IBA 0.2 mg·L^-1培养基分化不定芽效果最佳,并且在MS＋ZT 1.0 mg·L^-1-1.5 mg·L^-1＋IBA 0.2 mg·L^-1培养基上继代增殖培养增殖系数可达4-5倍;不定芽在1/2MS＋NAA 1.0＋1.5 g·L^-1活性炭的培养基上,生根率达100%;生根小苗移栽珍珠岩与泥炭土（1∶1）基质上,成活率达95%以上。     

菜用大豆高效胚尖离体再生基因型筛选

以华东地区4个主栽菜用大豆品种(交大05-133、交大02-89、沪宁96-10、青酥二号)的胚尖为起始外植体,研究消毒方法、预培养天数、6-BA浓度和培养基组合等对不定芽的诱导和伸长的影响。结果表明:用0.1%HgCl2消毒10 min后配合5%的NaClO消毒5 min,消毒效果最佳,胚尖活力好,且适用于各个品种;预培养时间为2 d,6-BA浓度为3.0 mg.L-1,有利于菜用大豆不定芽的诱导;1.0 mg.L-16-BA+0.1 mg.L-1NAA培养基组合有利于增加有效不定芽数;0.05 mg.L-16-BA+0.1 mg.L-1IBA培养基组合有利于不定芽的伸长;交大05-133为最佳胚尖离体再生基因型,其分化频率为90.86%,诱导15 d后外植体平均不定芽数为4.65个,不定芽平均长度为1.38 cm。