Assessing Drought Tolerance of Snap Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris) From Genotypic Differences In Leaf Water Relations,Shoot Growth and Photosynthetic Parameters

Abstract

The Leaf Water Relations, Photosynthetic Parameters and Shoot Growth of Five Snap Bean Cultivars Were Assessed During The Drought Period To Determine Their Role In Alleviating Plant Water Deficit Imposed By Withholding Irrigation At Flowering. Soil Water Content of Irrigated Plants Was 18-20% While That of Unirrigated Plants Was 6-10% At 60 Days After Seeding (Das). Leaf Water Potential Was Approximately 0.15Mpa Lower and Relative Water Content Was Approximately 5% Lower In Unirrigated Plants Than In Irrigated Plants At 57 Das. Unirrigated Plants Had A Lower Stomatal Conductance (G_s) and Intercellular Co₂ Concentration (C_i). Reduced Leaf Water Potential and Relative Water Content Were Associated With A Decreased Stem Elongation Rate. Plants With A Lower Stem Elongation Rate Had A Higher Specific Leaf Weight and Succulence Index (Suci). Significant Differences Among Five Cultivars of Snap Bean Were Found For All Parameters Measured. Decreased Leaf Water Potential and Stem Elongation Rate Resulting From Drought Participated In Preserving Relative Water Content and Improving Specific Leaf Weight and Suci. Maintenance of Higher Relative Water Content Increased G_s and C_i. Cultivars That Maintained A High Relative Water Content When Leaf Water Potential and Stem Elongation Rate Were Decreased Markedly, Were More Tolerant To Drought Than Those Which A Reduced Relative Water Content and The Leaf Water Potential and Stem Elongation Rate Were Only Slightly Lowered. Reduced Yield (Pods Per Plant and Seed Biomass) Resulting From Drought Was Associated With Reduced Relative Water Content.     

灌浆中后期高温对小麦黏度的影响及品种耐热性研究

为了提高小麦的产量和品质,筛选耐热种质资源,对来自山东、河北、河南和安徽省的12个冬小麦品种灌浆中后期至收获期于田间每天11:00-16:00以塑料薄膜覆盖方式进行高温胁迫,以不覆膜为对照(CK),研究了灌浆中后期高温对小麦的热感指数、几何平均产量、耐热指数以及小麦黏度等的影响。结果表明,灌浆中后期高温胁迫下籽粒千粒重、容重、产量及糊化黏度等被测指标均显著下降,矮抗58、衡4399、淮麦33、良星99和周麦22的热感指数均小于1,且耐热指数和几何平均产量相对较高,说明其较耐热;安农0711、济麦22、山农20、石麦19和石麦22的热感指数大于1或大部分大于1,且耐热指数较低,为热敏感型品种;郑麦7698和周麦18热感指数或大于1或小于1,几何平均产量和耐热指数相对较高,为中性品种。品种、环境及其交互作用对峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度、稀懈值等黏度指标均有极显著影响;高温胁迫对耐热性强的矮抗58、淮麦33、周麦22的峰值黏度、最低黏度、最终黏度、回生值及稀懈值等指标影响较小,高温胁迫下的上述指标较CK降低幅度平均在18.0%～39.6%;对耐热性差的济麦22、山农20和石麦22的影响较大,高温胁迫下的上述指标较CK降低幅度平均在80.5%～94.1%。加强小麦耐热性鉴定,筛选耐热种质资源是提高小麦产量和品质以及应对高温胁迫的重要措施之一。     

夜间增温对灌浆期高温胁迫下小麦干物质及灌浆特性的影响

为了解灌浆期高温胁迫下小麦生产力对不同阶段夜间增温的反应,以对温度敏感性不同的两个小麦品种扬麦18(春性品种)和烟农19(半冬性品种)为试验材料,采用可移动塑料增温棚,于2021-2022年对小麦进行不同阶段夜间增温[分蘖期-拔节期增温(W_T-JN)、拔节期-孕穗期增温(W_J-BN)和孕穗期-开花期增温(W_B-AN)]及灌浆期高温胁迫处理,比较分析了不同处理下小麦干物质积累及灌浆特性的差异。结果表明,W_T-JN和W_J-BN处理主要通过缩短小麦播种-开花的时长,延长灌浆期天数,增加花前干物质转运量、花后干物质积累量和花后干物质积累贡献率,进而提高了开花期和成熟期干物质积累量;促进了干物质在成熟期穗轴+颖壳和籽粒中的积累,降低了小麦茎鞘+叶片中的积累量,增产3.08%～7.62%。灌浆期高温胁迫显著降低了两个品种的产量,而与灌浆期高温胁迫处理(NH)相比,W_T-JH和W_J-BH处理增产1.21%～6.05%。与不增温处理(NN)相比,在W...