Remote Assessment of Wheat Canopies under Various Cultivation Conditions Using Polarized Reflectance

Abstract

The polarization of light reflected from crop canopies gives information on the canopy structure, such as the distribution of leaf inclinations. In order to verify those findings and to put the technique to practical use, we conducted two experiments in wheat fields. In the first experiment, the reflectance and polarized reflectance at 660 nm in the canopies of wheat plants, sown in both narrow and wide rows, and at two levels of topdressing, were measured periodically with a spectropolarimeter. We also probed the leaf orientation geometry of the plants using a 3-D digitizer and a plant canopy analyzer (LAI-2000). In the second experiment, we observed the polarization of light reflected from wheat planted in plots fertilized with basal dressing, and topdressing at the jointing and booting stages. Polarization showed a seasonal change with an upward convex clearly indicating the heading time. This pattern was not found by conventional band reflectance. Using polarization, it was possible to detect the differences in row width and fertilization conditions during the booting stage. The mean leaf inclination angle (MLI) detected with the 3-D digitizer and the mean tip angle (MTA) detected with the LAI-2000 were relatively closely correlated with the polarization than the reflectance at 660 nm and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) that was derived from the reflectance at 660 nm and 830 nm. Topdressing at the jointing stage was well detected by polarization obtained at the heading stage. Polarization measurements are useful in practical terms for remote detection of changes in stand geometry induced by cultivation management such as topdressing.     

High-Yielding Performance of A New Rice Variety,Ir53650In Mildly Improved Acid Sulfate Soil Conditions

Abstract

A spectral and polarization image observation technique for detecting multiband polarimetric characteristics of reflected light from field-growing plants under daylight conditions was developed and the potential application of the method to in-situ assessments of wheat-leaf orientation at the heading stage was assessed. The developed digital imaging system corresponded to wavelength bands centered at 470, 550, and 647 nm, each with bandwidths of 10 nm. The instrument was fitted with a glass polarizer, which rotated from 0 to 360º in 15º steps, and polarized images of 1360 ×1024 pixels were captured at heading in wheat plots subjected to different fertilizer regimes at the jointing stage. Degree of polarization (DP) and mean brightness (MB) of the three bands were calculated from images of several pairs of top-dressed and non-top-dressed (non-dressed) plots, with a camera depression angle of 15–20º on two clear days. The relative azimuth angles between the view and insolation were approximately 135º (oblique front) and 180º (right in front), respectively. The mean DP for each plot area in the images varied between 0.3 and 1.4%. Although most of the top-dressed plots had significantly higher DPs than the non-dressed plots in the 550 nm band, few of the MB images in any band showed a clear difference between the top-dressed and non-dressed plots.     

Estimating the Mean Leaf Inclination Angle of Wheat Canopies Using Reflected Polarized Light

Abstract

In this study, we extended previous work linking the polarization of reflected light from crop canopies with characteristics of the canopy structure, such as the leaf inclination angle. We obtained reflectance and polarized reflectance in 8 spectral bands from the canopies of two varieties of wheat, planted in plots fertilized with a basal dressing and topdressed at the jointing and booting stages. The optical measurements were carried out on 3 clear-sky days when the plants were at the stem-elongation, heading and ripening stages, respectively. On each measurement date, we assessed the leaf orientation geometry of the plants using a Plant Canopy Analyzer (LAI-2000), measured the leaf greenness (an indicator of leaf chlorophyll content) using a handheld SPAD-502 (SPAD) optical sensor, and also measured plant height. Both polarization and leaf greenness observations at the heading stage were able to distinguish the canopies that had received topdressing from those without topdressing. However, no significant correlation was observed between the polarization in the blue, green and red bands and the SPAD (r = 0.425?0.456, n = 12 observations, p < 0.05). On the other hand, the mean leaf inclination angle (= mean tip angle: MTA) measured by the LAI-2000 was inversely correlated with the polarization in the 3 visible bands (r = ?0.85??0.88, n = 12, p < 0.001). Adjusting the view zenith angle according to the solar position at the time of measurement improved the accuracy. We tested a linear regression model to predict the MTA of the two wheat varieties based on polarized reflectance in the red band centered at 660 nm (r ² = 0.73, n = 12, p < 0.001). Validation of this model obtained in the subsequent cropping season confirmed that polarization measurements were potentially useful for estimating the MTA of wheat stands in which the panicles were located below the topmost leaf layer of the canopy.     

调亏灌溉对冬小麦不同生育阶段光合速率的影响

为给冬小麦调亏灌溉（Regulated deficit irrigation,RDI）指标与模式的建立提供理论依据和技术参数,在防雨棚条件下,采用子、母盆栽方法,以冬小麦为试验材料,分析了RDI对冬小麦不同生育阶段光合速率（Pn）的影响,并对其进行了模拟,以探寻适宜的水分调亏阶段（时期）和调节亏水度。结果表明,冬小麦返青至拔节期水分调亏对Pn无显著影响;拔节至抽穗期轻度水分调亏的Pn未受显著影响,复水后补偿效应显著;中、重度调亏的Pn受到显著抑制,复水后虽有补偿效应,但与对照差异不显著;抽穗至灌浆期轻度水分调亏对Pn无显著影响,中、重度水分调亏的Pn受到强烈抑制,复水后补偿效应较弱,补偿时间也有限。据此认为,冬小麦RDI的适宜阶段为拔节期以前,适宜的调亏度为50%～65%FC（Field capacity,FC）;拔节至抽穗和抽穗至灌浆期也可轻度调亏,调亏度为60%～65%FC。     

玉米冠层内光合有效辐射和叶面积指数垂直分布模拟

基于辐射度模型(RGM),考虑冠层结构如垄宽、垄间距等建立玉米冠层内不同太阳高度角PAR垂直分布计算模型,结合指数递减光分布模型,考虑LAI与植被冠层内光分布的关系,运用Campbell椭球分布算法和BonhommeChartier算法两种算法分别计算LAI垂直分布,并就模型的参数如太阳高度角等对PAR垂直分布结果的影响进行分析。结果表明,RGM模型不同太阳高度角对封垄前的玉米冠层内PAR垂直分布的模拟精度均较高,60°太阳高度角精度比较高,顺垄和垂直于垄方向的RMSE值分别为0.037 307和0.064 702;两种算法对LAI垂直分布估算能力均较好,不同入射光条件下估算精度不同,Campbell椭球分布算法60°太阳高度角模拟各层LAI垂直分布精度更高。     

小麦 玉米轮作区西农979不同器官氮素转运及对籽粒贡献率的影响

为了解华北地区小麦玉米轮作模式下小麦不同器官氮素吸收、分配及转运的差异,采用田间试验方法,以西农979为供试品种,于小麦的分蘖期、越冬期、返青期、拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期采集植株样品,对其叶、叶鞘、茎、穗轴、颖壳和籽粒的干物重及氮含量进行了测定和分析。结果表明,小麦成熟时,不同器官氮含量从大到小依次为：籽粒＞叶＞叶鞘＞颖壳＞茎＞穗轴,氮积累量从大到小依次为：籽粒>叶鞘>叶>茎>颖壳>穗轴,即氮在籽粒中分配和积累量最大,叶是最大的氮素“源器官”。在不同生育阶段,拔节至抽穗期的氮吸收量和吸收速率最大。在华北小麦玉米轮作区,籽粒氮收获指数达到68.48%,而叶对籽粒的氮转运贡献率达到54.52%;拔节至抽穗期氮素吸收比例占全生育期的48.07%,故而底施氮肥与拔节期追氮的比例控制在5∶5为好。     

小麦产量和品质对不同类型土壤和施氮处理的响应

为了解小麦产量和品质对不同类型土壤和施氮处理的响应,以津强11号为试验材料,研究不同类型土壤（黑土、潮土）和施氮处理（不施肥、底施、三叶期施、拔节期施、抽穗期施）对春小麦产量和品质的调控效应。结果表明,土壤养分含量较高的黑土更有利于小麦穗部性状及产量和品质的提高,黑土处理小麦的总小穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、籽粒产量较潮土分别提高5.76%、28.07%、18.37%和38.4%,蛋白质含量及其产量提高14.35%和38.37%,差异均极显著（P<0.01)。不同施氮处理间比较,穗部性状与籽粒产量均以拔节期施氮最高;各施氮处理较不施氮处理籽粒谷蛋白含量均大幅度提高,以抽穗期施氮的籽粒蛋白质含量最高。黑土和潮土中,在拔节期或抽穗期追肥均可以有效提高小麦籽粒产量和品质。籽粒圆度表现为潮土>黑土,其他籽粒性状在各处理间均无显著差异。     

抽穗前后遮光对超级粳稻产量形成的影响

大田条件下以超级粳稻南粳44和宁粳3号为材料,设置3种遮光处理(L0:不遮光,L1:抽穗前遮光20d,L2:抽穗后遮光20 d),研究抽穗前后遮光对超级粳稻产量形成的影响。结果表明,抽穗后遮光处理的产量高于抽穗前遮光的处理,但都低于不遮光的处理(产量L0L2L1)。其中,与L0相比,L1降低了抽穗期LAI、粒叶比及拔节至成熟阶段的干物质积累量,同时增加了齐穗后剑叶SPAD值和净光合速率,表现为贪青迟熟;与L0相比,L2主要影响了抽穗至成熟阶段的光合物质积累,但L2对粒叶比和SPAD值的影响大于L1。株型特征方面,与L0相比,L1降低了齐穗期水稻穗长和倒3叶的透光率,增加了株高及上3叶的叶基角、叶开角、披垂度。     

Leaf nitrogen distribution to maximize the canopy photosynthesis in rice

The optimum distribution of leaf nitrogen (N) in the canopy of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) for maximum daily canopy photosynthesis (DCP) and the optimization effects on DCP were estimated during the grain filling period. The low- and high-density canopies (28.3 and 47.5 plants m⁻²) and isolated plants were established at heading using plants in pots grown up at the low density until heading to make the same canopy architecture except plant density and the same leaf N distribution at the start of treatment among the two canopies and the isolated plants. The simulation was conducted under two conditions of the upper limit of leaf N. Under condition 1, upper limit of leaf N content was 1.80 g m⁻². Under condition 2, upper limits were measured leaf N content in each leaf position at heading. The model indicates that if leaf N content in the upper leaves can be increased with reduction of N in the lower leaves, DCP will increase in any of the plant density, light conditions and under conditions 1 and 2. On a clear day, the estimated increase in DCP was 19–45 and 38–70% in the low- and high-density canopies under condition 1, respectively. Even under condition 2, which is more realistic than condition 1, the increase was up to 21 and 25% in the low- and high-density canopies. These estimates obtained by the present model that incorporates the shading effects of panicles and stems on DCP were higher than the previous reports which did not consider the effects of shading by panicles and stems. In the observed leaf N distribution, the higher the plant density was, the steeper the gradient of the leaf N remained. The gradient in the high-density canopy was closer to that of the predicted optimum leaf N distribution, and likely to contribute to maintaining higher DCP in the canopies. Compared with the hypothetical case in which gradient of leaf N distribution would be more gentle as observed in the isolated plants, the maintained steeper gradient of observed leaf N content in the canopies was estimated to increase DCP by 13 and 5% in the high- and low-density canopy, respectively.     

Effect of Light Quality on Developmental Rate of Wheat under Continuous Light at a Constant Temperature

Abstract

The developmental rate of wheat was investigated under continuous light of eight different qualities (in eight plots) obtained by combining three out of four different kinds of fluorescent lamps (white, blue, purplish red and ultraviolet-A) at a constant temperature of 20°C. A Japanese spring wheat var. Norin 61 and a winter wheat var. Shun-yo were used.The number of days from seeding to heading varied extensively with the variety and the light quality. The first heading wasobserved in the plot under three white fluorescent lamps (W + W + W) at 37 and 81 days after seeding in Norin 61 and Shun-yo, respectively. The developmental rate in both cultivars was significantly correlated with the ratio of energy in 500–550 nm range (green light) and 600–700 nm range (red light) to that in the whole spectral range (250–1,000 nm). These results suggest that green and red lights play important roles in the regulation of the developmental rateindependent of photoperiodism and vernalization.     

关中冬小麦叶片氮素含量高光谱遥感监测模型

为给黄土高原大范围的冬小麦氮素营养遥感监测提供理论依据,通过田间试验,研究了冬小麦叶片氮素含量遥感监测的最佳生育时期、最敏感波段及其他最优光谱参量。结果表明,灌浆期是利用高光谱遥感监测冬小麦叶片氮素营养状况的最佳生育时期;在拔节、抽穗和灌浆期680nm波段光谱反射率R680均能较好地反映冬小麦叶片氮素含量,基于光谱位置以及叶面积指数的光谱参量也能较好地反映冬小麦叶片氮素含量。拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期分别以680nm波段光谱反射率R680、绿峰反射率Rg和植被指数(SDr-SDb)/(SDr+SDb)对小麦叶片氮素含量的拟合效果最佳,其回归方程分别为Y=27.54-280.247 X+1456.245 X2、Y=8.632 X-0.24和Y=25.83 X1.012。     

县域冬小麦生物量动态变化遥感估测研究

为给生产管理中及时掌握县域冬小麦长势的动态变化提供有效手段,以江苏省沭阳县为研究区,基于冬小麦生物量形成的生理生态过程,重构冬小麦生物量遥感估测模型。选用两景不同时相的HJ星影像数据,利用植被指数反演的LAI数据,对冬小麦生物量模型进行参数修订,并对县域冬小麦拔节期生物量的空间分布进行估测。在此基础上,进一步估测冬小麦抽穗期生物量分布特征及其动态变化特点。结果表明：（1）冬小麦拔节期生物量估测值和观测值范围分别为2 054.3~4 828.3 和1 962.5~4 568.4 kg·hm^-2 ,平均值分别为3 148和3 045.5 kg·hm^-2 ,RMSE为214.8 kg·hm^-2 ,决定系数为0.919 1,表明冬小麦生物量模型模拟精度较好;（2）冬小麦抽穗期生物量较拔节期发生明显变化,其中长势变化快的田块面积为20 108.7hm,占总种植面积的23.4%。春季气候因素的转好以及肥水措施的实施对冬小麦营养与生殖共生阶段的生长起到明显促进作用。说明本研究提出的基于遥感反演信息与生长模型协同的冬小麦生物量估测方法能有效估测县域冬小麦不同生长时期生物量的空间分布及其动态变化。     

基于无人机多时相遥感影像的冬小麦产量估算

为高效准确地预测小麦产量,以浙江省冬小麦为研究对象,利用四旋翼无人机精灵4多光谱相机获取冬小麦5个关键生育时期（拔节期、孕穗期、抽穗期、灌浆期、成熟期）的冠层多光谱数据,选取多光谱相机的五个特征波段计算各生育时期的72个植被指数,分别通过逐步多元线性回归（SMLR）、偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）、BP神经网络（BPNN）、支持向量机（SVM）、随机森林（RF）构建不同生育时期的产量估算模型,最后采用决定系数（R）、均方根误差（RMSE）和相对误差（RE）对估算模型进行评价,筛选出最优估算模型。结果表明,基于随机森林建立的模型估算效果最优,SMLR、PLSR和SVM三种方法建立的模型估算效果接近。利用随机森林算法所建拔节期、孕穗期、抽穗期、灌浆期、成熟期模型的R、RMSE和RE分别为0.92、0.35、11%;0.93、0.33、10%;0.94、0.32、9%;0.92、0.36、9%;0.77、0.67、33%。模型验证时,抽穗期估算效果最好（R、RMSE和RE分别为0.91、0.35和15%）,拔节期、孕穗期、灌浆期估算效果接近且有很好的估算能力,成熟期估算精度最差（R、RMSE和RE分别为0.71、0.47和13%）。由此说明,结合机器学习算法和无人机多光谱提取的植被指数可以提高小麦产量估算效果。     

冬小麦不同冠层叶片光合蒸腾和水分利用效率变化特征及对灌溉的响应

为了解冬小麦不同冠层叶片光合和蒸腾作用特征以及随水分条件的变化规律,通过田间试验,以冬小麦京冬22为试验材料,设置0 mm（T₀）、220 mm（T₁）、280 mm（T₂）3种水分处理,比较分析了冬小麦不同冠层叶片净光合速率、蒸腾速率及水分利用效率对光合有效辐射和灌溉响应的差异。结果表明,三种水分处理下,冬小麦不同冠层叶片的蒸腾速率和光合速率随光合有效辐射的增加而增加,随后趋于平缓。不同冠层叶片蒸腾速率、光合速率对光合有效辐射的响应表现为上层>中层>下层;不同冠层叶片WUE对光合有效辐射的响应表现为上中层>下层。光合有效辐射相同时,灌水处理（T₁和T₂）的叶片光合蒸腾速率均高于不灌水处理（T₀）。T₁、T₂处理下,叶片光合速率对光合有效辐射响应在整个生育期内表现为灌浆期>抽穗期>成熟期>拔节期,蒸腾速率对光合有效辐射响应在整个生育期内表现为抽穗期>灌浆期>拔节期>成熟期;T₀处理下,叶片光合速率对光合有效辐射响应在整个生育期内表现为灌浆期>拔节期>抽穗期>成熟期,蒸腾速率对光合有效辐射响应在冬小麦整个生育期内表现不显著。因此,在进行小麦叶片到单株光合蒸腾尺度拓展估算时,应考虑冠层位置和水分条件对拓展结果的影响。     

强筋小麦群体结构、光能利用及籽粒产量对种植密度与追氮模式的响应

为探索强筋小麦高产高效的种植密度及追氮模式,以强筋小麦品种师栾02-1为供试材料,采用裂区试验,种植密度为主区(设置180万、240万、300万、360万和420万株·hm^-2五个密度水平),追氮模式为副区(设置拔节期单追、拔节期+开花期分追两种模式),分析了氮密互作对强筋小麦群体大小、光能利用及产量的影响。结果表明,随种植密度的增加,小麦拔节期植被指数和总茎数逐渐提高,花后21 d各层次光合有效辐射透射率则不断降低;在300万～360万株·hm^-2密度基础上增加或降低种植密度对开花期总茎数、花后28 d植被指数、灌浆中后期旗叶净光合速率以及籽粒产量均无显著提升效果。与拔节期+开花期分追相比,拔节期单追氮肥有利于提高小麦拔节期植被指数、开花期总茎数、花后21～28 d的旗叶净光合速率、穗数和籽粒产量。与追氮模式和氮密互作相比,种植密度是调控强筋小麦师栾02-1群体结构、光能利用及籽粒产量的最主要栽培因素。合理密植配合拔节期单追氮肥具有协同提高强筋小麦籽粒产量和光能利用的潜力。本试验条件下,种植密度为300万～360万株·hm^-2     

Effects of Ammonium Chloride Fertilizer and its Application Stage on Cadmium Concentrations in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grain

Abstract

Chloride (Cl) in saline soil increases the cadmium (Cd) concentration in crops. Here, we conducted a field experiment to investigate changes in Cd concentrations in wheat grain after the application of the Cl-containing fertilizer ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl), with the aim of reducing its potential health risk. Effects of the application stage of NH₄Cl fertilizer and leaching treatment (i.e., heavy rainfall) were also investigated in field and pot experiments. Both field and pot experiments showed that the Cd concentration of wheat grain was higher with NH₄Cl fertilizer than with ammonium sulfate or urea fertilizers. Grain Cd concentration in wheat fertilized with NH₄Cl at the tillering–jointing and flowering stages in the field experiment was 0.223 mg kg^–1, which was about 1.5 times higher than that fertilized with urea. This finding is important because, in Japan, compound fertilizers containing NH₄Cl are commonly used in fields for wheat cultivation. NH₄Cl fertilizer application at the tillering–jointing and flowering stages had nearly equal effects on the Cd concentration in wheat grain. Basal dressing with NH₄Cl fertilizer increased Cd concentrations in wheat grain to a greater extent than topdressing (at thetillering–jointing and flowering stage applications) in a pot experiment that was protected from rain. Leaching treatment (assuming two lots of 100 mm rainfall) negated the effect of NH₄Cl fertilizer application on Cd concentration in wheat grain. We recommend the use of ammonium sulfate or urea preferentially as the nitrogen fertilizer because heavy rainfall rarely occurs during this period in Japan.     

OsPHR2对小麦酸性磷酸化酶活性和根系土壤有机酸含量的影响

为了明确水稻低磷胁迫转录因子OsPHR2对小麦酸性磷酸化酶活性、根系土壤有机酸含量和根系活力的影响，以转OsPHR2小麦纯合株系和受体对照为试验材料，在不施磷（低磷）、施易溶性磷（0.200 g·kg^-1，KH₂PO₄为磷源）和施难溶性磷（0.200 g·kg^-1，以AlPO₄为磷源）3个处理下开展转OsPHR2小麦酸性磷酸化酶活性、根际土壤有机酸含量和根系活力的研究。结果表明，拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期，在低磷和施AlPO₄处理下2个转OsPHR2小麦株系旗叶和根部酸性磷酸化酶活性均显著高于受体对照；施KH₂PO₄处理下，2个转基因株系旗叶酸性磷酸化酶活性在抽穗期和灌浆期均显著高于对照，根部在抽穗期显著高于对照，其他时期差异均不显著。随着小麦生育进程，小麦根际土壤草酰乙酸、草酸、乙酸、丙二酸和柠檬酸等有机酸含量逐渐增加。拔节期和抽穗期，在低磷、施AlPO₄和施KH₂PO₄处理下转基因系OsT5-28根际土壤五种有机酸含量均显著高于对照。转基因小麦根际土壤有机酸含量较对照的提高幅度在拔节期或抽穗期较大。三种处理下转基因系OsT5-28根系TTC还原力在三个时期均显著高于对照。这说明低磷胁迫下OsPHR2可提高小麦酸性磷酸化酶活性和根系活力，促进根系有机酸的分泌，增加分泌量，从而提高小麦磷素吸收效率。     

冬小麦冠层降水截留性能研究

为定量分析冬小麦冠层降水截留量,采用"简易吸水法"分别研究了冬小麦单茎和群体的冠层截留性能,并对其影响因素进行了探讨。结果表明,在冬小麦抽穗前,叶数对单茎截留量影响显著(P<0.05),而对截留率影响不明显。在叶数相同条件下,单茎截留量在不同生育期间差异显著(P<0.01)。冬小麦单茎截留量随叶面积的增大而增大,而叶面积对截留率影响不显著。冬小麦单茎截留量与株高、鲜重呈线性正相关,相应截留率则与株高、鲜重呈线性负相关;群体截留量与叶面积指数(LAI)、地上部生物量呈线性正相关,相应截留率则与LAI、地上部生物量呈线性负相关。从拔节至成熟,冬小麦冠层截留量先增加后减少,最大冠层截留量出现在抽穗期(1.28mm),且不同生育期截留量差异极显著(P<0.01);相应截留率在不同生育期的变化无规律,各生育期间差异不显著。     

Estimating Rice Leaf Greenness (SPAD) Using Fixed-Point Continuous Observations of Visible Red and Near Infrared Narrow-Band Digital Images

Abstract

A narrow-band dual camera system demonstrated a new close-range sensing technique to seasonally track trends in leaf greenness in rice paddies. A weatherproof digital imaging system for the visible red (RED, 620?650 nm) and near infrared band (NIR, 820?900 nm) was positioned 12 m above a 600-m² rice field. During the 2009 and 2010 paddyrice seasons, the system automatically logged images at 10-min intervals throughout the day. Radiometric corrections for the images utilized solar irradiance sensors and prior calibration to calculate 0900-1500 JST daily-averaged reflectance factors (DARF). The DARF in RED (DARF-RED) and NIR (DARF-NIR) values were transformed to provide a daily-averaged normalizeddifference vegetation index (DA-NDVI). The DA-NDVI increased more rapidly in the vegetative growth period, and reached an asymptotic plateau earlier than the DARF-NIR. From transplanting to harvest, leaf greenness values (measured by the SPAD index) were measured for the central part of the uppermost leaves of targeted canopies weekly with a chlorophyll meter. We developed a leaf greenness index (LGI), the ratio of DA-NDVI to DARF-NIR, and a simple calculation method for area means to reduce the background effect. The modified area means of LGI followed the seasonal trend in SPAD value well; its patternwas inherently different from the patterns of any of the original three parameters: DARF-RED, DARF-NIR or DA-NDVI. Throughout the paddy seasons in the two years, a regression equation for estimating SPAD values using the LGI, daily solar radiation, the cosine of angle between the view and the meridian directions and the cosine of culmination solar zenith angle performed favorably (R²=0.815). The nitrogen concentration per dry plant hill (g kg-¹) had a close relation to the SPAD values estimated using the equation.     

小麦生长发育模型WheatSM参数优化及适用性分析

为分析WheatSM模型区域业务应用的适用性,采用EFAST全局敏感性分析方法,对WheatSM模型的小麦生长发育参数进行分析,筛选出了影响模型模拟效果的10个敏感参数,即冬小麦各发育阶段的基本发育系数(K1、K21、K22和K3)、出苗至越冬期的温度系数(P21)、越冬至拔节期的光周期系数(Q2)、抽穗后的光合产物向籽粒的转运效率(TR2)、比叶面积(SLA),以及拔节至抽穗期的穗干物质分配系数(PcEar34)和抽穗至成熟期的叶干物质分配系数(PcLeaf45)。然后,基于农业气象观测数据,利用SCE-UA全局优化算法,对敏感参数进行优化和率定。结果表明,模型对出苗期模拟具有很高的精度,RRMSE0.5%,R20.9,其对抽穗期、拔节期的模拟效果尚可,对越冬期的模拟效果最差;模型模拟的干物质和LAI与观测数据的相关性较高,但相对误差较大,精度为75.0%左右。