Influence of Seed Treatment with Uniconazole Powder on Soybean Growth,Photosynthesis, Dry Matter Accumulation after Flowering and Yield in Relay Strip Intercropping System

Abstract

The relay strip intercropping system of wheat-corn-soybean is widely used in southwest China. However, it is hard to produce soybean stably with this system, since the growth of soybean plants is slower under shading by corn at the seedling stage, and it is compensated by accelerated growth after the symbiotic stage. Soybean plants show excessive vegetative growth due to more rain during the flowering stage, which results in fallen petals, fallen pods and lower yield. This study investigated whether seed treatment with uniconazole powder (0, 2, 4 and 8 mg kg^–1 seed) suppresses excessive vegetative growth of soybean plants during the flowering stage and delays senescence of photosynthetically active leaves at the pod-setting stage. If such events are correlated with changes in photosynthesis, they may affect dry matter accumulation and seed yield in the relay stripping system. Uniconazole promoted biomass accumulation from 31 (R₃) to 61 (R₅) days after flowering (DAF) and seed yield. Seed treatment with uniconazole raised the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a contents. In contrast, uniconazole reduced leaf area index (LAI) from 1 DAF (R₁) to 46 DAF (R₄) with the increase in uniconazole concentration, whereas, uniconazole significantly increased LAI at 61 DAF, and the greatest promotion occurred at 2 mg kg^–1 treatment. The study clearly showed that uniconazole effectively suppressed excessive vegetative growth of soybean during flowering stage, delayed senescence of photosynthetically active leaves at pod-setting stage and induced higher yield, which were related to the changes in photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, dry matter accumulation and LAI in the relay strip intercropping system.     

Seed Treatment with Uniconazole Powder Improves Soybean Seedling Growth under Shading by Corn in Relay Strip Intercropping System

The relay strip intercropping system of wheat-corn-soybean is widely used in southwest China. However, it is hard to obtain a stable production of soybean with this system, since soybean plants grow under shading by corn; the stems are thinner and susceptible to lodging. We examined the effects of seed treatment with uniconazole powder (0, 2, 4 and 8 mg kg-¹ seed) on the growth of soybean seedlings under relay strip intercropping, some morphological characteristics and yield. The seedling height, first internode length, cotyledonary node height and leaf area per plant were decreased, while the stem diameter, root dry weight, shoot dry weight, root volume, leaf greenness and root to shoot dry weight ratio were increased by uniconazole treatment. The root vigor and root active absorption area were also increased significantly by uniconazole treatment. Moreover, 2 and 4 mg kg-¹ uniconazole powder treatment increased shoot dry weight, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and seed yield significantly. Thus, the results suggested that seed treatment with uniconazole powder at a suitable concentration can improve soybean seedling growth, resist the lodging and also increase the seed yield under shading by corn in relay strip intercropping system.     

玉米行距对大豆/玉米间作作物生长及种间竞争力的影响

为探明大豆玉米间作系统中玉米种植行距对间作作物生长及种间资源竞争的影响。在固定带宽的大豆/玉米间作系统中,设置10,20,45,60和70 cm 5个间作玉米种植行距,分析间作系统的间作优势、作物生长情况以及大豆相对于玉米的资源竞争力变化。结果表明:随间作玉米行距增加,间作优势增加,70 cm行距间作优势最大,达4 271.4 kg·hm^-2。Logistic生长拟合曲线表明:随玉米行距增加,大豆生物累积量减小,达到最大日生长速率峰值的天数缩短,玉米生物累积量最大值出现在D45处理下,达43 471.1 kg·hm^-2,D45处理达到最大日生长速率峰值的天数最长,达130 d,且生长后期日生长速率持续高于其它处理;共生期内,伴随作物生长,大豆相对于玉米的资源竞争力A_sm逐渐降低,共生后期,表现为随间作玉米种植行距增加,大豆相对于玉米的竞争力A_sm逐渐减小。综合分析表明:河西灌区大豆/玉米间作系统中,玉米是强竞争力作物,玉米种植行距为45 cm,有利于大豆和玉米的生长及产量形成,大豆和玉米种间竞争力较弱,可作为河西灌区大豆/玉米间作系统中间作玉米的最佳行距配置。     

不同供N方式对大豆生长和结瘤固氮的影响

采用框栽试验方法对比研究了不同供N方式对大豆生长和结瘤同氮的影响.结果表明:持续供N和非持续供N对大豆生长有不同的影响,在苗期,非持续供N与持续供N相比,对大豆生长有较大的促进作用,而在仡期以后则是持续供N对大豆生长的促进作用较大;持续供N和非持续供N对大豆结瘤同氮的影响不同,大豆根瘤数量表现为非持续供N＞持续供N＞无N,表明氮肥的持续施用对大豆根瘤的形成和生长有抑制作用,不利于大豆根瘤的生长发育;不论何种方式供N对大豆同氮酶活性和豆血红蛋白含量均有抑制作用,使固氮酶活性和豆血红蛋白含量显著降低,而且氮肥的持续施用对固氮酶活性和豆血红蛋白含量的抑制要显著高于非持续供N,表现为持续供N＜非持续供N＜无N,因此,氮肥的持续施用使大豆的同氮效率降低.     

大豆抗旱种质的鉴定及其与根系的关系

从辽宁省主要推广品种中选出20份优异种质资源,依据株高、叶面积指数、茎、叶生物量为指标,采用平均隶属函数值方法鉴定了大豆苗期耐旱性.结果从供试材料中共筛选出大豆生长前期较强耐旱型(2级)品种2个,干旱较敏感型(4级)品种3个,中间型(3级)品种15个.大豆的平均耐旱隶属函数值与干旱胁迫下的相对根表面积、相对根生物量分别...     

大豆种子抗老化鉴定的方法研究

选用遗传差异相对较大的皖豆24、皖豆25(杂交品种)及合豆3号的种子,在温度为40℃、湿度为85%的条件下老化处理4、8和12 d,研究加速老化过程中不同基因型大豆种子成苗率、发芽率、电导率及单株幼苗干重的变化规律。结果表明:随着加速老化时间的延长种子活力下降;加速老化处理8 d,3个品种的各项鉴定指标均发生改变:品种的成苗率、发芽率及单株幼苗干重显著降低,电导率明显升高,且品种间有显著差异;发芽率和成苗率的变化在品种间具有一致性,电导率、单株幼苗干重的变化和成苗率品种间一致性较差;成苗率和发芽率的相关性最高(r=0.972**)。利用国家大豆微核心种质中的91份资源对老化鉴定方法进行验证,结果在温度为40℃,湿度为85%条件下老化8 d的种子发芽率及老化指数与在自然条件下老化15个月的发芽率及老化指数极显著相关(r=0.943**,0.716**)。综合分析认为,温度为40℃,湿度为85%条件下老化处理8 d,以种子发芽率为活力鉴定指标可作为大豆种子抗老化性的鉴定方法。     

大豆硫氧还蛋白基因的克隆与分析

通过对大豆耐盐品种文丰7盐处理抑制差减文库的筛选,获得了一些差异表 达的EST序列,与NCBI中EST数据库进行比对分析后发现,其中1个与硫氧还蛋白相关.据此预测了大豆硫氧还蛋白(Thioredoxin,Trx)基因的cDNA序列,并采用RT-PCR方法克隆了大豆Trx基因.生物信息学分析表明:该基因包含1个354 b...     

东北地区栽培大豆品种籽粒异黄酮含量分析及不同测定方法优化比较

利用超声波技术,以大豆异黄酮主要组分染料木素为对照,根据单因素试验和正交试验结果建立三波长比色法和紫外分光光度法,确定大豆异黄酮最佳提取工艺:乙醇浓度70％,料液比1:25,提取温度50℃,提取时间5h,提取2次.比较新建立方法与之前建立HPLC法的精密度和准确度,结果依次为:高效液相色谱法＞三波长比色法＞紫外分光光度...     

利用ISSR标记进行菜用大豆和普通大豆的分类

ISSR标记技术因具有很高的多肽性而被广泛应用于遗传多样性研究.进行菜用大豆品种多样性研究将有助于育种家进行杂交亲本的合理选配.采用ISSR标记技术对37个菜用大豆品种(系)和13个普通大豆品种(系)进行了分类研究.结果表明:50个ISSR引物中有11个引物没有多肽性,其他39个引物共产生132条谱带,其中81条多肽性谱带,占61.4%.引物扩增的谱带数在l～7条之间,大小为830～3530 bp.每个引物平均扩增的谱带数和多肽性带数分别为3.3和2.1.聚类分析结果表明,可将供试的50个品种划分为3个类组,扁茎大豆Taikadai-zu单独一组,7个普通大豆(多数为中国选育)划归为B组,C组由日本菜用大豆和4个普通大豆组成.C组还可以划分成若干亚组,同一亚组的品种具有相似的性状,比如有一亚组的品种均是褐脐、茶色种皮、白花、不易炸荚.系选的品种和原始品种在分类图中也显示出其密切的亲缘关系.基于ISSR标记的分类可以反映菜用大豆的遗传关系,菜用大豆和普通大豆之间存在遗传多样性,合理保存菜用大豆种质将有助于未来大豆品质改良计划.     

植物信号分子对大豆开花与结瘤的协同调控

大豆[Glycine max(L.)Merr.]是世界上重要的粮食和油料作物,其显著的生长特点是营养生长和生殖生长交错时间长,导致以结瘤为代表的营养生长和以开花为代表的生殖生长在物质和能量需求上存在激烈竞争。本文综述了蔗糖、植物激素以及miRNAs等植物信号分子对大豆开花和结瘤调控作用,将有助于理解大豆开花、结瘤的协同调控机制,以期对明确大豆生长发育规律、提高大豆产量提供理论支撑。     

Interactive Effects of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 and Waterlogging on Vegetative Growth of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Abstract

Waterlogging is a major predicted agricultural problem for crop production in some areas under current climate change, but no studies are available on the interactive effects of waterlogging and elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration ([CO₂]). We hypothesized that elevated [CO₂] could alleviate the damage caused by waterlogging, and tested the hypothesis using vegetative growth of soybean (Glycine max) in 10 experiments (different sowing time and different soil type) conducted at Morioka and Tsukuba for three years. The 2-week-old plants grown under elevated and ambient [CO₂] were exposed to waterlogging for 2 weeks. Total dry weight at the end of the treatment was higher under elevated [CO₂] than under ambient [CO₂], and it was significantly reduced by waterlogging under both levels of [CO₂], without significant [CO₂]×waterlogging interactions, at both locations. The negative effects of the waterlogging were greater in root dry weight than in top dry weight, and the root exudation per unit root dry weight was also reduced by waterlogging, without a [CO₂] ×waterlogging interaction. Therefore, the hypothesis of a [CO₂]×waterlogging interaction can be rejected, and provide an important basis for predicting future damage caused by waterlogging under elevated [CO₂] conditions.     

Root Growth of Two Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] Cultivars Grown under Different Groundwater Level Conditions

Abstract

Soybean yield is low in the fields with a low groundwater level during summer due to drought stress. By raising the groundwater level using Farm-Oriented Enhancing Aquatic System (FOEAS) the yield of soybean cultivar Sachiyutaka can be increased, but not that of Fukuyutaka. Here, we examined the effect of the groundwater level on root growth and its dynamics in these two cultivars. Three of the four experiments demonstrated that root elongation ceased just below groundwater level in both cultivars. However, when the groundwater level was kept at 35 cm or deeper, the root growth at an early growth stage was more vigorous at a deeper layer in Fukuyutaka than in Sachiyutaka, but at the mid-growth stage root growth in Sachiyutaka became similar to or exceeded that of Fukuyutaka. These results indicated that the optimum control technique for the groundwater level differed with the cultivar. The groundwater level for Sachiyutaka should be kept relatively high at an early growth stage. Further studies will be needed to clarify the optimum control technique for maximizing the yield of Fukuyutaka that have a fast root growth at an early growth stage.     

来源于野生大豆的多小叶性状遗传分析

本文通过杂交初步分析一个起源于野生大豆的多小叶性状。五叶大豆与6个正常大豆配制了6个杂交组合，其中5个F2分离群体产生带有主要的3叶和5叶，少数4叶，个别6叶或7叶植株，3叶和5叶（包括其它多小叶）表现为3:1分离；1个组合仅产生带有5叶株和3叶，表现为64:1分离。遗传分析显示，除了一个已知的Lf1基因控制5叶遗传外，可能还存在另外2个控制5叶的基因。5叶多小叶性状基因对正常3叶是不完全显性的，这3个基因是独立遗传的，并且具有重叠地位。     

CO2倍增和UV-B辐射增强对2个大豆突变体部分抗性指标的影响

以根瘤超着生大豆突变体0498和完全不结瘤的大豆突变体0701为材料,在人工气候室内模拟条件下,研究大气CO2浓度倍增、UV-B辐射增强以及复合逆境胁迫条件对大豆部分抗性指标的影响。结果表明,大豆突变体0701在上述3种处理下,SOD活性分别下降14.5%、17.4%和25.5%;丙二醛含量在CO2倍增处理下降低29.7%,在UV-B增强处理下则升高18.4%。大豆突变体0498在上述3种处理下,UV-B吸收物质的量分别增加44.4%、39.0%和71.9%;POD酶活分别增加27.3%、47.7%和65.6%;SOD活性在UV-B增强处理下增加27.3%;丙二醛含量在UV-B增强处理下升高85.3%,在复合处理下仅升高62.7%;UV-B增强使其离子渗透率增加12.7%。综合分析可见,突变体0498的抗性优于0701;CO2倍增能提高大豆的抗性,UV-B增强则引起大豆的抗逆反应,复合处理下大豆的响应则较单一处理复杂,无明显规律。     

大豆PAL2-3基因的克隆及转化研究

大豆异黄酮是苯丙氨酸代谢途径中合成的一类次级代谢产物,在苯丙氨酸代谢途径中,苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)是关键酶和限速酶。本课题组前期研究发现PAL基因的相对表达量与大豆异黄酮含量具有明显的协同增减趋势,并且在PAL基因家族成员时空表达模式分析中发现,PAL2-3(XM_003542493)是PAL基因家族中相对表达量较高的主要表达成员之一。本试验首先通过克隆大豆中PAL2-3基因;然后构建pCAMBIA3301-GmPAL2-3植物过表达载体,将构建好的pCAMBIA3301-GmPAL2-3表达载体重组质粒转化到根癌农杆菌EHA105中;采用农杆菌介导的大豆子叶节转化体系获得转化植株,并对T1代转化植株进行PPT检测,外源标记基因Bar检测以及荧光定量PCR检测,对转基因阳性植株进行大豆籽粒异黄酮含量的测定。结果表明T_1代转基因植株中PAL2-3基因的表达量是对照的5.11~11.24倍,总异黄酮含量最高的(2 587.63μg·g~(-1))是对照(1 616.90μg·g~(-1))的1.6倍。因此在大豆中过量表达PAL2-3基因可以提高大豆籽粒中异黄酮含量。     

阜阳主要大豆品种生育期组划分初探

为了阜阳大豆产业的发展和我国不同地区之间相互科学引种以及便于国际交流与合作,同时为大豆育种改良等方面提供理论依据,根据大豆遗传特性和环境之间的相互作用,以美国大豆生育期组标准品种13份为参照、当地主栽品种和新近选育品种等为主要试验材料25份,3次重复。试验结果表明:阜阳大豆熟期组除徐豆16、周豆11和周豆19生育期组是Ⅴ外,其余均属于生育期组Ⅳ。     

大豆GmPR10基因启动子的克隆及序列分析

GmPR10基因是病程相关蛋白PR10(pathogenesis-related proteins 10)在大豆中的同源基因。为探明大豆GmPR10基因的表达调控规律,应用PCR技术从大豆抗疫霉根腐病品种绥农10号中克隆了GmPR10基因上游2 235 bp的启动子序列pGmPR10,定向替换pBI121载体的CaMV35S组成型启动子,构建植物表达载体pBI121/pGmPR10/GUS,并转化农杆菌侵染烟草叶盘。GUS染色结果表明,pGmPR10受聚乙二醇(PEG)、低温(4℃)、水杨酸(SA)、茉莉酸(JA)和脱落酸(ABA)诱导表达,因此推测GmPR10基因可能参与植物激素调节植物生长发育的过程,以及生物胁迫和非生物胁迫条件下植物对环境响应的过程。此外,利用PLACE和Plant CARE在线启动子预测工具分析pGmPR10,结果表明:pGmPR10含有启动子的一般结构TATA-box和CAAT-box,光应答元件,生长素和细胞分裂素响应元件,热激元件,低温应答元件,干旱应答元件以及ABA、SA、JA应答元件等。     

大豆幼胚子叶胚性悬浮细胞系的建立与次生胚诱导

本研究选用黑龙江省5个大豆品种的幼胚子叶，建立了胚性悬浮培养体系，并由悬浮体系增殖产生次生胚。系统探讨了培养基组成和浓度对体细胞胚诱导和悬浮培养物生长的影响，以及悬浮体系继代时间与胚成熟率和再生率的关系。结果表明，高效体细胞胚诱导培养基为：MSB 40mg/L2，4-D 6％蔗糖。高效球型胚增殖培养基为10mg/L2，4-D 1/2MS氮源 5mM谷氨酰胺 5mM天门冬酰胺。结果8周后的次生胚成熟率和再生率显著提高，到第12周分别达63％和35％，之后提高幅度减小。     

中国大豆磷素营养及磷高效品种筛选最新进展

磷是影响植物新陈代谢和生长发育的重要元素,但由于其极易被土壤固定,因而有效性非常低.缺磷已成为限制当前农作物产量提高和品质改良主要因素之一,传统农业生产一般通过施肥和土壤改良来提高植物对磷素的利用率.近年来,有学者提出通过发掘和利用磷高效品种来解决植物需磷和土壤供磷矛盾的新途径.文章综述了中国土壤磷素营养及其遗传改良的...