平果县甘蔗生产面临的问题及对策

近几年来,我县每年投入五六百万元的财政资金加大对甘蔗生产的扶持力度,但由于多种因素的影响,甘蔗生产却徘徊不前,效果不明显。通过观察和总结分析,主要原因是生产经营管理过程中存在一些不足,比如,制定扶持政策与实际实施不太相符,扶持效果难以达到预期目的,甚至出现一些负效应,挫伤了农民的种蔗积极性。笔者根据多年来甘蔗生产的实践,就今后如何加强甘蔗生产管理提出一些建议。     

发展上思甘蔗生产的一些思考

在建立社会主义市场经济体制的新形势下，甘蔗生产既面临着良好的发展机遇，又面临着一种新的挑战。作为上思支柱产业——甘蔗生产，如何在市场激烈竞争中求生存、求发展，不断壮大自己，这是值得我们认真思考和探索的新问题，笔者试图就这方面提出一些粗浅的看法。     

积极开展甘蔗产业化建设：关于江西省甘蔗生产发展意见

本文就江西省甘蔗生产发展史和现状作了阶段性回顾，分析了多年来甘蔗生产中的问题，雨人识甘蔗生产发展前景与重要性，对今后的甘蔗生产提出了发展目标以及实现目标的主要措施。     

对糖厂农务工作的浅见

甘蔗是糖厂榨季生产的主要原料，而这个原料的多少在很大程度上与农务工作有着密切的关系，因此，农务工作直接关系到原料蔗的多少与糖厂的经济效益。现在是由计划经济向市场经济转轨时期，生产活动以经济效益为中心，农民和植跟市场转．甘蔗生产出现了一些新情况和新问题。糖厂的农务工作必须切实加强，多做一些有利于甘蔗生产发展的具体工作．原料甘蔗的增加才有可能。如何做好糖厂的农务工作，提出下面浅见。     

中国(广西)与澳大利亚甘蔗生产碳排放特征比较

甘蔗生产碳排放既是经济学问题也是科学问题。文章通过分析我国广西和澳大利亚的甘蔗生产碳排放数据发现，甘蔗生产的碳排放以二氧化碳为主。广西的数据总体呈逐年上升的趋势，且尚未达峰，但已趋近达峰。由于广西的甘蔗生产机械化水平仍有待提高，农业机械能源(含灌溉)消耗所带来的碳排放将成为广西甘蔗生产碳达峰的最大不确定因素。基于上述分析，项目研究提出“以低碳发展赋能广西甘蔗生产绿色转型”的减排思路。     

系统规划，突破瓶颈，促进甘蔗机械化生产的发展

叙述国内外甘蔗机械化生产发展概况和我国发展甘蔗机械化生产的必要性,通过系统分析湛江农垦甘蔗生产全程机械化试验示范与推广,指出其存在缺乏科学系统规划、经营模式和农机农艺技术等方面的问题,这些因素制约了甘蔗生产机械化的发展;并提出宜从科学规划,突破瓶颈问题,加强经营管理等方面以利于甘蔗生产机械化系统工程运作,促进甘蔗生产机械化的发展。     

浙江省甘蔗生产现状与发展对策

本文分析了我省甘蔗生产发展现状和存在问题，根据浙江甘蔗生产实际，提出了甘蔗生产发展的对策建议。     

越南甘蔗生产现状及发展对策

越南是农业国家,甘蔗是主要经济作物之一,现在年种植面积近30万hm2,种植区域分为6个区。对目前越南甘蔗生产中存在的一些问题及制约因素进行分析,提出发展对策。     

甘蔗宿根矮化病的危害与对策

甘蔗高产高糖生产，是一项综合性的系统工程，涉及到多方面的相关因素，如生长与环境条件的关系、品种生长特性、栽培技术措施、合理施肥方法、灌溉条件、病虫害防治等。近年以来，广东湛江甘蔗生产在实施良种良法，测土配方施肥，节水灌溉等方面取得了较快的发展。然而，甘蔗宿根矮化病对该区甘蔗的抑制作用也愈益显露。只有正确地认识该病害，合理做好防治，才能确保甘蔗生产的稳步发展。本文试通过对甘蔗宿根矮化病的处理对比试验，探讨其防治对策。     

广东省湛江市甘蔗生产考察报告

本文对湛江市甘蔗生产发展的成功经验作了简要的介绍，主要可归结为领导重视、组织完善、措施得力、政策到位，技术先进；同时与海南省的甘蔗生产现状进行比较，分析海南省甘蔗生产落后的原因，并提出发展海南省甘蔗生产的对策。     

Respiratory bacterial flora from healthy as well as respiratory symptoms' subjects

Respiratory system is the primary settlement place of opportunistic organisms and considered as chief carrier of common respiratory pathogens. The aim of the study was to know the opportunistic organisms present in the healthy subjects as well as subjects that were suffering from respiratory symptoms. The organisms were identified as per standard bacteriological protocol and pathogenicity tests of the identified organisms were performed in mouse model. Antibiotic sensitivity of the identified organisms was performed. The bacterial flora present in the throat swab of apparently healthy as well as subjects suffering from respiratory symptoms were: Staphylococcus spp. (39.44%) of which Coagulase positive Staphylococcus (21.13%) and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (18.31%), Klebsiella spp. (19.72%), Pseudomonas spp. (15.49%), Proteus spp. (4.23%), E. coli (9.86%) and Bacillus spp. (11.27%). Among the isolates Staphylococcus, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas were the predominant species. Percentages of identified bacteria were higher in respiratory symptoms exhibiting individuals (53.52%) than apparently healthy individuals (46.48%). All coagulase positive Staphylococcus, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. isolated from respiratory symptoms' subjects were found to be pathogenic. The isolated bacteria were resistant to amoxicillin and ampicillin but sensitive to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. Isolated Pseudomonas spp. showed multidrugs resistant properties. The study provided information about the pathogenic organisms' present respiratory systems of apparently healthy as well as subjects suffering from respiratory symptoms. The pathogenic natures of the isolated organisms were determined to make aware of scientists as well as clinicians. Antibiotics sensitivity assays would provide information to the clinicians for the selection of appropriate antibiotics to treat their patients.     

亚麻起源及其在中国的栽培与利用

亚麻在中国有悠久的栽培历史,早期栽培亚麻主要作药用和油用,而纤用亚麻的栽培利用不过百年历史.本文根据文献记载和民间调查资料,对亚麻的起源及其在中国的栽培和利用历史做简要介绍.     

小麦籽粒品质与基因型及环境条件的关系

小麦籽粒品质性状与加工特性具有密切的关系,是小麦品种的主要经济性状,也是国际贸易中评价小麦品质和制定价格的依据。本文综述了小麦籽粒品质与基因型以及温度、光照、降水、土壤类型、病虫害、播期、施肥等生态环境和栽培条件之间的关系。小麦籽粒品质主要受基因型控制,也受气候和土壤等环境条件的影响。在环境因素中,气温和降水量的变化对小麦籽粒品质影响尤为明显。在生产实践中,针对影响小麦籽粒品质变异的关键因素,在不同环境条件下,选育和种植适宜的品种,采取合理的施肥和灌溉等调控措施,小麦的籽粒品质将会得到不断改善。     

Chromates as potato fungicides

American Journal of Potato Research -     

Cyanobacterial toxins as allelochemicals with potential applications as algaecides, herbicides and insecticides

Cyanobacteria (“blue-green algae”) from marine and freshwater habitats are known to produce a diverse array of toxic or otherwise bioactive metabolites. However, the functional role of the vast majority of these compounds, particularly in terms of the physiology and ecology of the cyanobacteria that produce them, remains largely unknown. A limited number of studies have suggested that some of the compounds may have ecological roles as allelochemicals, specifically including compounds that may inhibit competing sympatric macrophytes, algae and microbes. These allelochemicals may also play a role in defense against potential predators and grazers, particularly aquatic invertebrates and their larvae. This review will discuss the existing evidence for the allelochemical roles of cyanobacterial toxins, as well as the potential for development and application of these compounds as algaecides, herbicides and insecticides, and specifically present relevant results from investigations into toxins of cyanobacteria from the Florida Everglades and associated waterways.     

马铃薯作为生物反应器的研究进展

随着转基因技术的广泛应用,马铃薯已经从传统的农作物,被拓展应用到更多领域,尤其是作为生物反应器来生产药用蛋白、糖类物质、工业用酶、可降解塑料等。当前生物技术发展的速度越来越快,马铃薯作为生物反应器这一应用方向必将拥有更广阔的前景。     

Glycoalkaloids as pest resistance factors

Potato glycoalkaloids, a class of steroid glycosides, possess antimicrobial and pesticidal properties. These phytochemicals have been implicated as natural resistance factors inSolanum species against the Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say, and the potato leafhopper,Empoasca fabae (Harris). Adverse effects of these secondary metabolites on insect behavioral and developmental biology are described, as well as considerations in manipulation of foliar glycoalkaloids in breeding for varietal resistance to insects.     

Lignin and polyphenols as allelochemicals

By the microbiological action, lignin from vegetal wastes is transformed at soil level in organic prebiotic products with physiological activity on plants development. On the other hand, some micromolecular compounds resulted from plant wastes decomposition, along with polyphenols coming from extraction of plant residues could play a role of allelochemicals. The understanding of the allelochemical action mechanisms allow us to use these compounds to enhance crop production and develop a more sustainable agriculture, including weed and pest control through crop rotations, residue management and a variety of approaches in biocontrol. Other goals are to adopt allelochemicals as herbicides, pesticides and growth stimulants, modify crop genomes to manipulate allelochemicals production and better elucidate chemical communications between the components of ecosystem. The result obtained in the utilization of lignins and polyphenols as allelochemicals are presented in this review.