几个甘蔗新品种比较试验初报

经过一年新植蔗品种比较试验，参试的甘蔗品种粤糖93．159、新台糖23号、新台糖24号、新台糖25号、台糖90-7909、大禹131、巴西45，以新台糖22号作对照，结果表明：粤糖93-159蔗茎产量和蔗糖份表现突出，比对照增产率15．73％，增糖率28．97％，可因地制宜进一步推广。大禹131、新台糖23号、新台糖25号公顷含糖量分别比对照增产5．34％、1．63％和0．5％，应继续扩大表证示范试验。     

我所几个自育甘蔗品种生产示范试验初报

经过两年的生产示范试验，参试的甘蔗品种甘蔗品种闽糖90-55、92—649、86—2121、93-246、92—505、新台糖25号与四个对照种闽糖7-611、闽糖86-05、新台糖10号、新台糖16号对比，结果表明：，我所自育的几个品种都表现出较好的种性、蔗茎产量及含糖量。其中闽糖92—505、闽糖92—649、闽糖86—2121表现较为突出，不仅蔗茎产量高，且蔗糖分也高，在福建蔗区有着较好的推广前景，值得进一步推广，新台糖25号的蔗糖分不错，但蔗茎产量偏低，闽糖90-55、93-246的蔗糖分及蔗茎产量表现稍差，可继续进行观察试验。     

甘蔗新品种比较试验初报

2004年以北海蔗区当家品种新台糖16号为对照，对桂糖94／116、桂糖94／119、新台糖26号、新台糖27号等4个甘蔗优良新品种进行品种比较试验。结果表明，在4个供试品种中，桂糖94／116的萌芽率、株高、有效茎数、蔗茎产量、单位面积产糖量居首位，新台糖27号分率最高，桂糖94／119的单株含糖量最高。4个参试品种平均亩产蔗茎量从高到低排序依次为桂糖94／116〉新台糖27号〉桂糖94／119〉新台糖26号。平均蔗糖分从高到低排序依次为桂糖94／119〉桂糖94／116〉新台糖26号〉新台糖27号。单位面积含糖量从高到低排序依次为桂糖94／116〉桂糖94／119〉新台糖26号〉新台糖27号。     

甘蔗新品种园林17号在百色蔗区的栽培适应性表现

为加快新良种繁育推广,开展了甘蔗新品种园林17号在百色蔗区的栽培适应性试验研究。试验结果:园林17号的萌芽率、分蘖率、有效茎数、茎径、单茎重优于新台糖22号,株高和蔗糖分不及新台糖22号。园林17号较新台糖22号增产8.6%、增糖4.4%,但差异不显著。模糊综合评判结果,园林17号的综合表现优于新台糖22号。园林17号适合在百色市蔗区大面积推广应用,有利于改良百色市甘蔗不同熟期品种结构,改变品种单一化格局,为糖厂榨期的合理安排提供有利条件。     

甘蔗品种柳城03/182新植蔗性能表现

为加快甘蔗新品种推广力度,本试验开展了甘蔗新品种柳城03/182在百色蔗区的新植性能试验。结果表明:柳城03/182较新台糖22号表现为早熟、高糖,有效茎数多,但茎径、单茎重不及新台糖22号,比新台糖22号增产3.2%、增糖12%,但差异不显著。柳城03/182适合在百色市蔗区大面积推广应用,有利于改良百色市甘蔗不同熟期品种结构,改变品种单一化格局,为糖厂榨期的合理安排提供有利条件。     

甘蔗新品种桂糖34号的选育

桂糖34号是按"五圃制"常规杂交育种方法经过9年选育而成的甘蔗新品种,比较适合广西旱坡地种植。该品种高产稳产,在广西区域试验中,平均蔗茎产量为112.80 t/hm2,比对照种新台糖16号、新台糖22号分别增产20.82%、11.00%;宿根性好,宿根蔗发株率达196.64%,比新台糖16号高47.66个百分点,比新台糖22号高53.27个百分点;耐旱性较强,在没有灌溉条件的旱地种植,产量最高达107.84t/hm2,比新台糖16号和新台糖22号增产,增幅最高达44.7%。     

桂辐98-296种茎直接补种新台糖22号宿根蔗试验研究初报

【目的】探讨采用甘蔗新品种桂辐98-296种茎对新台糖22号宿根蔗直接补种对各自产量和蔗糖品质的影响,以有效地解决宿根蔗缺株断垄问题,延长宿根蔗年限,降低植蔗周期生产成本,为生产应用提供理论依据。【方法】采用桂辐98-296和新台糖22号种茎直接补种新台糖22号宿根,调查补种的桂辐98-296、新台糖22号和新台糖22号宿根蔗的产量性状、蔗茎产量及蔗糖品质表现。【结果】桂辐98-296种茎直接补种处理产量为74.33t/hm2,分别比CK、新台糖22号种茎直接补种处理增产18.36、15.83t/hm2,且差异达极显著水平;新台糖22号种茎直接补种处理产量与CK差异不显著。直接补种不影响新台糖22号宿根蔗的产量和蔗糖分;补种的桂辐98-296的蔗糖分与新台糖22号宿根蔗相当。【结论】桂辐98-296种茎直接补种新台糖22号宿根蔗,可以增加单位面积有效茎数,提高单位面积产量;方法简单、高效、实用,有效延长了宿根年限,提高植蔗的经济效益。     

甘蔗宿根性研究Ⅱ.甘蔗种性宿根影响因子与其宿根性的关系

采用大田生产模式种植,以来自同一亲本组合(粤糖97-20×ROC25)杂交后代分离产生的强宿根甘蔗品(种)系(‘云蔗06-407’、‘云蔗06-415’)和弱宿根甘蔗品(种)系(‘云蔗06-408’、‘云蔗06-416’)为材料,强宿根甘蔗品种‘新台糖22号’及宿根性一般的甘蔗品种‘新台糖10号’为对照,探讨由甘蔗种性决定的宿根影响因子与甘蔗宿根性的关系。结果表明,强宿根甘蔗较弱宿根甘蔗新植蔗蔗芽萌发速度快,萌发数多,且分蘖率高,形成的有效茎数多;强宿根甘蔗宿根发株数多,形成的有效数多于新植蔗,产量较新植蔗高。这些影响甘蔗宿根性的因子与甘蔗品种的种性密切相关。     

丰产高糖甘蔗新品种闽糖96-1409的选育研究

闽糖96-1409系福建省农科院甘蔗研究所从闽选703（Co1001）×崖城73—226组合中选育出的一个甘蔗新品种．多年多点试验结果表明，闽糖96-1409平均蔗茎产量113．492吨／公顷，比新台糖10号增产8．27％，比新台糖16号增产29．6％．11—1月份平均蔗糖分（绝对值）16．16％，比对照新台糖10号、新台糖16号分别高1．40、0．70个百分点；公顷含糖量17．112吨，比对照新台糖10号、新台糖16号分别增糖19．1%．32．7％，是一个早熟、丰产高糖，适应性广的甘蔗新品种．     

几个甘蔗新品种(品系)对比试验初报

通过以本地当家品种新台糖16号为对照进行品比试验，调查发芽率、分蘖率、生长量以及蔗茎产量、甘蔗蔗糖分、纤维分、简纯度等农艺性状和工艺性状。结果表明：新台糖20号、新台糖26号、桂糖94／116、粤糖93／159等4个甘蔗品种(品系)的新植表现良好，值得推广种植。粤糖94／128和桂引5号的工艺性状不理想，农艺性状表现优良。     

SILAGE AND MILK PRODUCTION. A COMPARISON BETWEEN A DIPLOID AND A TETRAPLOID RYEGRASS

Two grass silages made in May and two made in August were compared in a 16-week winter-feediag experiment with 12 Ayrshire cows. The silages were fed ad lib. with a supplement of barley and groundnut cake. One of the silages made ia May and one made in August consisted of S24, a diploid variety of perennial ryegrass, and the other two of Reveille, a tetraploid variety of the same species. The silages made from Reveille had a higher content of lactic acid and a lower pH than those made from S24. The contents of digestihie organic matter in the silage DM made in May and August were 71.9 and 63.2%, respectively, for RevelUe and 68.7 and 60.9% for S24. Silage and total DM intakes were higher in the treatments where Reveille silages rather than S24 silages were fed. The mean daily milk yields from cows fed on the silages made in May and August were 39.6 and 34.5 lb (18.0 and 15.7 kg), respectively, for Reveille, and 38.0 and 34.1 lb (17.3 and 15.5 kg) for S24. The solids-not-fat (S.N.F.) and the crude protein contents of the milk averaged 8.64 and 3.29%, respectively, for Reveille, and 8.56 and 3.22% for S24. It is concluded (hat the silages made from Reveille were superior to those made from S24 as a feed for dairy cows.     

A LINEAR PROGRAMMING MODEL OF A HIGH-TEMPERATURE GRASS-DRYING ENTERPRISE

A linear programming model of a high-temperature grass-drying enterprise is described. From information about seasonal crop response, area of crop available and management constraints, the model determines the harvesting schedules which give greatest returns, less costs, from the enterprise over the season. This information can be used to examine the effects of long-term strategic decisions or to evaluate economically data on new crops from field experiments. For example, assuming a fixed cost of λ70,000/year for a high-temperature grass-drying installation and what is considered to be reliable input data for 1972, the returns less costs for optimum harvest schedules from different areas or crop varieties are:

Development of A dormancy release technology: A review

Tuber dormancy can be released immediately in many commercially important potato cultivars by brief treatment (1-2 days) with bromoethane (BE) vapor at room temperature. The development of a large scale technology for BE application and safe removal through a capturing technique is necessary for successful application of this dormancy release method. Ideally, BE treatment of seed tubers would occur in a closed environment that would capture BE vapor in an unaltered form and allow controlled release for treatment of subsequent tuber lots. Results of screening studies for adsorbents indicate that the medium capacity activated carbon adsorbent, YAO has: i) a high capacity for BE; ii) a low capacity for water; and, iii) adsorbs and de-adsorbs BE quickly and easily. A plausible design of a large scale, dormancy release facility is presented. The proposed facility should meet present goals of the seed potato industry in an environmentally responsible manner.     

A MANAGEMENT STUDY OF A BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL STRAIN TRIAL

A study of birdsfoot trefoil ( Lotus corniculatus L.) variety trial management was conducted with three variables, variety, stubble height and harvest date. The range in maturity for the three varieties used was 12-14 days. All plots were harvested thrice per season. The harvest dates for the two management regimes imposed differed by about two weeks for the first cut, by about one week for the second and were identical for the third cut. Stubble heights were two and six inches (5.08 and 15.24 cm).
Late-cut material outyielded that cut early, but suffered more winter damage. Material cut at a stubble height of two inches (5.08 cm) outyielded that cut at six inches (15.24 cm), but it also suffered more winter-killing. The ranking of varieties varied with management.
Alternative management schemes, designed to provide maximum yields and survival consistent with good-quality forage, are proposed and discussed.     

A COMPARISON BETWEEN A PADDOCK SYSTEM AND A 'WYE COLLEGE' SYSTEM OF GRAZING FOR MILK PRODUCTION

Two grazing systems, a paddock system and a ‘Wye College’ system, were compared in two 20-week experiments nsing 16 and 20 spring-calved Ayrshire cows in 1970 and 1971, respectively. A sward of S23 perennial ryegrass was used, and an average of 342 kg N/ha (305 lb N/ ac) was applied per annum. The paddock system had 28 separate paddocks; one paddock was grazed each day in rotation and occasionally topped in mid-season. The Wye College system had 4 plots of equal size and the cows were offered 1/7 of one plot each day; no back fence was used and surplus herbage was neither cut nor topped. The stocking rate on hoth systems was 1 cow per 0.20 ha (0.49 ac) in 1970 and per 0.16 ha (0.40 ac) in 1971. The mean daily milk yields per cow on the paddock and the Wye College systems were 16.2 and 15.3 kg (35.7 and 33.7 lb), respectively, in 1970; and 18.1 and 18.4 kg (39.9 and 40.6 lb) in 1971. The average annual output of milk was 13,500 and 13,150 kg/ha (1200 and 1170 gal/ac) on the paddock and Wye College systems, respectively. The fat and solids-not-fat (S.N.F.) contents of the milk were not significantly affected by the grazing system. It is concluded that the Wye College system was as effective as the paddock system in producing a high output of mUk per ha, but at a lower cost and with far fewer management decisions.     

广东育成无垩白软型优质籼稻不育系粤丰A

粤丰Ａ是由广东省农科院水稻研究所于1998年育成的国内第一个无垩白、低直链淀粉含量(14.3%)、软胶稠度(92ｍｍ)、低糊化温度(碱消值7.0)和香味浓的特优籼型三系不育系。该不育系千株群体不育株率为100%,花粉不育度为99.99%,柱头外露率达88.1%,稻瘟病全群抗性比达中抗水平。2000年10月在广州通过了由来自扬州大学、国家水稻改良中心、国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心等单位著名专家的技术鉴定。专家组一致认为该不育系综合性状优良、不育性稳定、配合力强、异交结实率高、品质改良有重大突破,研究成果达国内外领先水平;其投入生产应用对推动我…     

A Rice Reference

Rice quality:A guide to rice properties and analysis reviews variability in rice characteristics and their effects on rice quality in great detail.After an introduction on rice quality that also explores paradoxes associated with the crop,the book goes on to examine rice physical properties and milling quality.This leads to a discussion of the effects that the degree of milling has on rice quality.The ageing of rice and its cooking and eating quality are comprehensively investigated in the following chap...